CN109729948B - Planting method of root and rhizome medicinal materials - Google Patents
Planting method of root and rhizome medicinal materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly discloses a planting method of root and rhizome medicinal materials. The method comprises the steps of land selection, fertilization and soil preparation, rhizome treatment, planting and field management, and is characterized in that bark powder is added in the process of base fertilizer application. Researches show that the content of total saponins in rhizoma polygonati can be obviously improved by adding bark powder in the process of applying a base fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method of root and rhizome medicinal materials.
Background
Rhizoma Polygonati is a plant of the genus Polygonatum and is known as Polygonatum sibiricum), and also known as Polygonatum Craib, Gynura Divaricata, Gynura japonica, Zingiber saxifragrans or Gynura divaricata. Rhizoma polygonati belongs to root and rhizome medicinal materials and is characterized in that rhizome is transversely moved, cylindrical and nodular is enlarged.
On the surface of modern pharmacology, the sealwort contains chemical components such as saccharides, saponins, flavonoids and the like; wherein the rhizoma Polygonati saponin has physiological effects of regulating blood sugar, resisting tumor, improving learning and memory, resisting oxidation, and delaying aging. Therefore, the improvement of the saponin content in the polygonatum sibiricum medicinal material has important significance for improving the pharmacological action of the polygonatum sibiricum. The saponin content in the rhizoma polygonati medicinal material is related to a rhizoma polygonati planting method, and no planting method for improving the saponin content of the rhizoma polygonati exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a planting method of root and rhizome medicinal materials. The sealwort planted by the method can obviously improve the content of total saponins in the sealwort.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting root and rhizome medicinal materials comprises the steps of land selection, fertilization and soil preparation, rhizome treatment, planting and field management, and is characterized in that bark powder is added in the process of base fertilizer application.
Preferably, the root and rhizome medicinal material is rhizoma polygonati.
Preferably, the bark powder is a bark powder consisting of eucalyptus bark and pine bark.
More preferably, the bark powder is bark powder consisting of eucalyptus bark powder and pine bark powder in a mass ratio of 2-4: 1.
Preferably, the planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a soft plot with the soil pH value of 6-8;
(2) fertilizing and soil preparation: digging transplanting trenches with the trench depth of 25-35 cm and the adjacent trench distance of 30-40 cm on the selected land blocks; applying the bark powder and a base fertilizer in the transplanting ditch to be uniformly mixed with the surface soil; then, applying a compound fertilizer into the transplanting ditch, and covering soil to ensure that the depth of the transplanting ditch is 5-10 cm; finally digging ditches with the width of 40-60 cm and the depth of 20-40 cm at two sides of each 2-4 rows of transplanting ditches to form high ridges;
(3) rhizome treatment: selecting rhizomes of 1-2 years of polygonatum sibiricum without plant diseases and insect pests, breaking off 2-3 knots of the rhizomes, scratching the surfaces of the rhizomes by a blade, soaking the rhizomes in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 30-60 min, washing the rhizomes with water, soaking the rhizomes in a mixed solution consisting of 20-30 ppm of thidiazuron aqueous solution and 20-30 ppm of indolebutyric acid aqueous solution for 3-5 h, taking out and airing;
(4) planting: planting the rhizomes of the sealwort treated in the step (3) in a transplanting ditch according to a plant spacing of 10-20 cm; then covering soil to fill and level up the transplanting ditch, and watering after soil compaction;
(5) field management: watering every 4-6 days for 1 time after the rhizome of the polygonatum is planted for 1 week, and controlling the relative humidity of soil to be 45-55%; when 1-2 buds grow on rhizome of polygonatum, applying 10-20 g of compound fertilizer between adjacent rhizome of polygonatum, and watering; weeding for 1 time every 1 month during the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum plants; topdressing a leaf fertilizer when the plant height of the polygonatum is 15-20 cm; disease prevention management is carried out every 5-7 months and 10-12 months.
Further preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (2) is farmyard manure, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 2000-3000 kg/mu; the using amount of the bark powder is 300-600 kg/mu; the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 80-120 kg/mu.
Further preferably, the volume ratio of the aqueous solution of thidiazuron to the aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid in step (3) is 1: 1.
Further preferably, mancozeb and phoxim are sprayed in the step (5) in 5-7 months per year, and phoxim and trichlorfon are sprayed in 10-12 months per year.
Has the advantages that: the inventor of the invention shows through a large amount of experimental studies that the content of total saponins in rhizoma polygonati can be obviously improved by adding bark powder in the process of applying base fertilizer; especially, the bark powder consisting of eucalyptus bark and pine bark is added in the process of applying the base fertilizer, so that the content of the total saponins in the sealwort is improved most obviously.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained below with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1 planting method of Polygonatum sibiricum Red
(1) Selecting land: selecting soft plots with the soil pH value of 6.5-7.0;
(2) fertilizing and soil preparation: digging transplanting ditches with the depth of 30cm and the distance between adjacent ditches of 35cm on the selected land blocks; applying the bark powder and a base fertilizer in the transplanting ditch to be uniformly mixed with the surface soil; then, compound fertilizer is applied into the transplanting ditches, and the depth of the transplanting ditches is 8cm by earthing; finally digging ditches with the width of 50cm and the depth of 30cm at two sides of each 3 rows of transplanting ditches to form high ridges (3 rows of transplanting ditches per ridge); the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 2500 kg/mu; the usage amount of the bark powder is 500 kg/mu; the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 100 kg/mu; the bark powder is composed of eucalyptus bark powder and pine bark powder according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
(3) rhizome treatment: selecting 1.5-2 years of rhizome of polygonatum without plant diseases and insect pests, breaking off 2-3 joints of the rhizome, scratching the surface of the rhizome by using a blade, soaking the rhizome in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 40min, washing the rhizome with tap water, soaking the rhizome in a mixed solution consisting of 25ppm of thidiazuron aqueous solution and 25ppm of indolebutyric acid aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 for 4h, taking out and airing;
(4) planting: planting the rhizomes of the sealwort processed in the step (3) in a transplanting ditch according to a plant spacing of 15 cm; then covering soil to fill and level up the transplanting ditch, and watering after soil compaction;
(5) field management: watering 1 time every 5 days after the rhizome of the polygonatum is planted for 1 week, and controlling the relative humidity of the soil to be 50 percent; when 1-2 buds grow on rhizome of polygonatum, applying 15g of ternary compound fertilizer between adjacent rhizome of polygonatum, and watering; weeding for 1 time every 1 month during the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum plants; topdressing a leaf fertilizer when the plant height of the polygonatum is 15-20 cm; spraying mancozeb and phoxim 5-7 months per year, and spraying phoxim and trichlorfon 10-12 months per year to prevent disease management;
(6) harvesting: and in 9-10 months in the third year after planting, harvesting when the stems and leaves of the polygonatum sibiricum plants are withered and yellow.
Example 2 planting method of Polygonatum sibiricum Red
(1) Selecting land: selecting soft plots with the soil pH value of 6.5-7.0;
(2) fertilizing and soil preparation: digging transplanting ditches with the depth of 30cm and the distance between adjacent ditches of 35cm on the selected land blocks; applying the bark powder and a base fertilizer in the transplanting ditch to be uniformly mixed with the surface soil; then, compound fertilizer is applied into the transplanting ditches, and the depth of the transplanting ditches is 8cm by earthing; finally digging ditches with the width of 50cm and the depth of 30cm at two sides of each 3 rows of transplanting ditches to form high ridges (3 rows of transplanting ditches per ridge); the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 2500 kg/mu; the usage amount of the bark powder is 500 kg/mu; the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 100 kg/mu; the bark powder is eucalyptus bark powder;
(3) rhizome treatment: selecting 1.5-2 years of rhizome of polygonatum without plant diseases and insect pests, breaking off 2-3 joints of the rhizome, scratching the surface of the rhizome by using a blade, soaking the rhizome in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 40min, washing the rhizome with tap water, soaking the rhizome in a mixed solution consisting of 25ppm of thidiazuron aqueous solution and 25ppm of indolebutyric acid aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 for 4h, taking out and airing;
(4) planting: planting the rhizomes of the sealwort processed in the step (3) in a transplanting ditch according to a plant spacing of 15 cm; then covering soil to fill and level up the transplanting ditch, and watering after soil compaction;
(5) field management: watering 1 time every 5 days after the rhizome of the polygonatum is planted for 1 week, and controlling the relative humidity of the soil to be 50 percent; when 1-2 buds grow on rhizome of polygonatum, applying 15g of ternary compound fertilizer between adjacent rhizome of polygonatum, and watering; weeding for 1 time every 1 month during the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum plants; topdressing a leaf fertilizer when the plant height of the polygonatum is 15-20 cm; spraying mancozeb and phoxim 5-7 months per year, and spraying phoxim and trichlorfon 10-12 months per year to prevent disease management;
(6) harvesting: and in 9-10 months in the third year after planting, harvesting when the stems and leaves of the polygonatum sibiricum plants are withered and yellow.
Example 2 the difference in example 1 is that the bark powder described in example 2 is eucalyptus bark powder; the bark powder described in example 1 is a bark powder composed of eucalyptus bark powder and pine bark powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1.
Example 3 planting method of Polygonatum sibiricum Red
(1) Selecting land: selecting soft plots with the soil pH value of 6.5-7.0;
(2) fertilizing and soil preparation: digging transplanting ditches with the depth of 30cm and the distance between adjacent ditches of 35cm on the selected land blocks; applying the bark powder and a base fertilizer in the transplanting ditch to be uniformly mixed with the surface soil; then, compound fertilizer is applied into the transplanting ditches, and the depth of the transplanting ditches is 8cm by earthing; finally digging ditches with the width of 50cm and the depth of 30cm at two sides of each 3 rows of transplanting ditches to form high ridges (3 rows of transplanting ditches per ridge); the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 2500 kg/mu; the usage amount of the bark powder is 500 kg/mu; the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 100 kg/mu; the bark powder is pine bark powder;
(3) rhizome treatment: selecting 1.5-2 years of rhizome of polygonatum without plant diseases and insect pests, breaking off 2-3 joints of the rhizome, scratching the surface of the rhizome by using a blade, soaking the rhizome in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 40min, washing the rhizome with tap water, soaking the rhizome in a mixed solution consisting of 25ppm of thidiazuron aqueous solution and 25ppm of indolebutyric acid aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 for 4h, taking out and airing;
(4) planting: planting the rhizomes of the sealwort processed in the step (3) in a transplanting ditch according to a plant spacing of 15 cm; then covering soil to fill and level up the transplanting ditch, and watering after soil compaction;
(5) field management: watering 1 time every 5 days after the rhizome of the polygonatum is planted for 1 week, and controlling the relative humidity of the soil to be 50 percent; when 1-2 buds grow on rhizome of polygonatum, applying 15g of ternary compound fertilizer between adjacent rhizome of polygonatum, and watering; weeding for 1 time every 1 month during the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum plants; topdressing a leaf fertilizer when the plant height of the polygonatum is 15-20 cm; spraying mancozeb and phoxim 5-7 months per year, and spraying phoxim and trichlorfon 10-12 months per year to prevent disease management;
(6) harvesting: and in 9-10 months in the third year after planting, harvesting when the stems and leaves of the polygonatum sibiricum plants are withered and yellow.
Example 3 the difference in example 1 is that the bark powder described in example 3 is pine bark powder; the bark powder described in example 1 is a bark powder composed of eucalyptus bark powder and pine bark powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) Selecting land: selecting soft plots with the soil pH value of 6.5-7.0;
(2) fertilizing and soil preparation: digging transplanting ditches with the depth of 30cm and the distance between adjacent ditches of 35cm on the selected land blocks; applying a base fertilizer in the transplanting ditch to be uniformly mixed with surface soil; then, compound fertilizer is applied into the transplanting ditches, and the depth of the transplanting ditches is 8cm by earthing; finally digging ditches with the width of 50cm and the depth of 30cm at two sides of each 3 rows of transplanting ditches to form high ridges (3 rows of transplanting ditches per ridge); the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 2500 kg/mu; the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 100 kg/mu;
(3) rhizome treatment: selecting 1.5-2 years of rhizome of polygonatum without plant diseases and insect pests, breaking off 2-3 joints of the rhizome, scratching the surface of the rhizome by using a blade, soaking the rhizome in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 40min, washing the rhizome with tap water, soaking the rhizome in a mixed solution consisting of 25ppm of thidiazuron aqueous solution and 25ppm of indolebutyric acid aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 for 4h, taking out and airing;
(4) planting: planting the rhizomes of the sealwort processed in the step (3) in a transplanting ditch according to a plant spacing of 15 cm; then covering soil to fill and level up the transplanting ditch, and watering after soil compaction;
(5) field management: watering 1 time every 5 days after the rhizome of the polygonatum is planted for 1 week, and controlling the relative humidity of the soil to be 50 percent; when 1-2 buds grow on rhizome of polygonatum, applying 15g of ternary compound fertilizer between adjacent rhizome of polygonatum, and watering; weeding for 1 time every 1 month during the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum plants; topdressing a leaf fertilizer when the plant height of the polygonatum is 15-20 cm; spraying mancozeb and phoxim 5-7 months per year, and spraying phoxim and trichlorfon 10-12 months per year to prevent disease management;
(6) harvesting: and in 9-10 months in the third year after planting, harvesting when the stems and leaves of the polygonatum sibiricum plants are withered and yellow.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that no bark powder was added in the steps of fertilizing and soil preparation.
Experimental example 1
Removing fibrous roots from the sealwort planted by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, cleaning, slightly scalding or steaming in boiling water until the sealwort is thoroughly steamed, drying and slicing; the content of total saponins in rhizoma Polygonati is then determined by the following method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
The content determination reference of total saponins in rhizoma polygonati: measurement of total saponin content in polygonatum sibiricum extract [ J ] food and machinery, 2012, 28 (6): 106 to 108.
TABLE 1 determination of the Total Saponin content in Polygonatum sibiricum Red
| Total saponin content | |
| Example 1 Polygonatum sibiricum planted by the method | 4.543mg/g |
| Example 2 Polygonatum sibiricum planted by the method | 2.652mg/g |
| Example 3 Polygonatum sibiricum planted by the method | 2.136mg/g |
| Comparative example 1 sealwort planted by the method | 1.328mg/g |
The data in table 1 show that the total saponin content of the polygonatum sibiricum prepared in examples 1-3 is far higher than that of the polygonatum sibiricum planted in the method of comparative example 1. This shows that the addition of bark powder in the base fertilizer process can significantly increase the total saponin content in polygonatum.
In addition, as can be seen from the data in table 1, the total saponin content of the polygonatum sibiricum prepared in example 1 is much higher than that of the polygonatum sibiricum prepared in examples 2 and 3; the improvement degree of the total saponins in the sealwort by adding the mixed bark powder consisting of the eucalyptus bark powder and the pine bark powder in the base fertilizer application process is far higher than the improvement degree of the total saponins in the sealwort by adding the eucalyptus bark powder or the pine bark powder alone.
Claims (3)
1. A planting method of root and rhizome medicinal materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a soft plot with the soil pH value of 6-8;
(2) fertilizing and soil preparation: digging transplanting trenches with the trench depth of 25-35 cm and the adjacent trench distance of 30-40 cm on the selected land blocks; applying the bark powder and a base fertilizer in the transplanting ditch to be uniformly mixed with the surface soil; then, applying a compound fertilizer into the transplanting ditch, and covering soil to ensure that the depth of the transplanting ditch is 5-10 cm; finally digging ditches with the width of 40-60 cm and the depth of 20-40 cm at two sides of each 2-4 rows of transplanting ditches to form high ridges;
(3) rhizome treatment: selecting rhizomes of 1-2 years of polygonatum sibiricum without plant diseases and insect pests, breaking off 2-3 knots of the rhizomes, scratching the surfaces of the rhizomes by a blade, soaking the rhizomes in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 30-60 min, washing the rhizomes with water, soaking the rhizomes in a mixed solution consisting of 20-30 ppm of thidiazuron aqueous solution and 20-30 ppm of indolebutyric acid aqueous solution for 3-5 h, taking out and airing;
(4) planting: planting the rhizomes of the sealwort treated in the step (3) in a transplanting ditch according to a plant spacing of 10-20 cm; then covering soil to fill and level up the transplanting ditch, and watering after soil compaction;
(5) field management: watering every 4-6 days for 1 time after the rhizome of the polygonatum is planted for 1 week, and controlling the relative humidity of soil to be 45-55%; when 1-2 buds grow on rhizome of polygonatum, applying 10-20 g of compound fertilizer between adjacent rhizome of polygonatum, and watering; weeding for 1 time every 1 month during the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum plants; topdressing a leaf fertilizer when the plant height of the polygonatum is 15-20 cm; disease prevention management is carried out every 5-7 months and 10-12 months;
the base fertilizer in the step (2) is farmyard manure, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 2000-3000 kg/mu; the using amount of the bark powder is 300-600 kg/mu; the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 80-120 kg/mu;
the root and rhizome medicinal material is rhizoma polygonati;
the bark powder is composed of eucalyptus bark powder and pine bark powder according to a mass ratio of 2-4: 1.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the aqueous solution of thidiazuron to the aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid in step (3) is 1: 1.
3. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein the mancozeb and the phoxim are sprayed in step (5) at 5-7 months per year, and the phoxim and the trichlorfon are sprayed at 10-12 months per year.
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