Combined straw crushing, combing and ridging machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to an integrated agricultural machine with functions of straw stubble breaking, straw crushing, soil loosening, straw combing and burying and ridging.
Background
In recent years, a large amount of straw is retained in the corn field after the operation because the corn field is operated by a combine harvester in a large area. Stubble cleaning, rotary tillage and ridging operations are carried out on the land before cultivation in the coming years. The stubble cleaner, the rotary cultivator, the front-turning soil preparation machine and the rear-turning soil preparation machine are often used, the agricultural machinery separate operations such as the front-turning soil preparation machine and the rear-turning soil preparation machine cannot meet the requirement of sowing in one-time operation, and the two-time and three-time operation of the rotary cultivator and the stubble cleaner can meet the sowing requirement; the front-extinguishing and back-rotating combined soil preparation machine can work after the farmers clean the straws; the subsoiler and the turnover plow can be sowed by a flat harrow operation party after operation, so that the cost of farmers' planting land is high, the straws crushed by the existing agricultural implement cannot be crushed and buried in the soil, remain on the soil surface, provide living propagation environment for plant diseases and insect pests, directly influence the pesticide effect of pesticide spraying, increase the plant diseases and insect pests in the corn growing period, directly influence the fertilizer laying, ventilation in ridges, emergence rate and growth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined straw crushing and combing ridger which can crush straw stubbles, crush straw scattered on the ground, loosen soil and comb the crushed straw into the soil for ridging at one time, and one-time operation of the ridger can meet the requirement of directly sowing.
The invention is composed of a frame 1, a deep and shallow positioning roller device 2, a crushing roller device 3, a rotary tillage roller device 4, a plow hook 5, a straw burying device 6, a transmission gearbox 7 and a transmission device,
the frame 1 comprises a left frame plate 11, a right frame plate 12, a front beam frame rod 13, a rear beam frame rod 14, a gearbox connecting mounting frame 15 and a frame upper cover 16; the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the front Liang Jiagan and the rear beam frame rod 14, the transmission gearbox 7 is fixedly arranged on the transmission gearbox connecting mounting frame 15 in the middle of the front Liang Jiagan and the rear beam frame rod 14, the upper end of the transmission gearbox connecting mounting frame 15 is fixedly connected with an upper lifting lug 151 connected with an upper pull rod of a rear three-point suspension support arm of a tractor, and the left lower lifting lug 152a and a right lower lifting lug 152b connected with a left lower pull rod and a right lower pull rod of the rear three-point suspension support arm of the tractor are respectively fixedly connected to the front Liang Jiagan at the left end and the right end of the transmission gearbox connecting mounting frame 15;
the depth positioning roller device 2 consists of a depth positioning roller 21, a left connecting rod 22a, a right connecting rod 22b, a left hydraulic cylinder device 23a, a right hydraulic cylinder device 23b and a straw pressing sheet 24; the left and right shaft ends of the depth positioning roller 21 are respectively hinged with the front end parts of the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 of the frame 1 through a left connecting rod 22a and a right connecting rod 22b, and the front and rear ends of a left hydraulic cylinder device 23a and a right hydraulic cylinder device 23b are respectively hinged with the front end parts of the left connecting rod 22a and the right connecting rod 22b and the front end parts of the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 of the frame 1, so that the depth positioning roller 21 is driven to lift or descend through the simultaneous action of the left hydraulic cylinder device 23a and the right hydraulic cylinder device 23 b; straw pressing sheets 24 are fixedly connected and arranged on the surface of the depth positioning roller 21. The straw pressing sheet 24 presses the straw with different lengths on the ground when the depth positioning roller 21 rolls forward.
The crushing roller device 3 consists of a crushing roller 31, straw crushing cutters 32 which are fixedly connected to the surface of the crushing roller 31 in a distributed manner, a crushing roller transmission gear 33 which is fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the crushing roller 31, a movable cutter frame 34 which is fixedly arranged on the front Liang Jiagan 13 of the frame 1, and fixed blades 35 which are matched with the straw crushing cutters 32 and are arranged on the movable cutter frame 34 in a distributed manner; the left and right ends of the crushing roller 31 are rotatably mounted on the left and right frame plates 11 and 12 of the frame 1 through roller shafts and bearings, and the crushing roller 31 is located at the front end of the frame 1. The straw crushing knife 32 is used for crushing the stubble of the straw, and meanwhile, the straw pressing sheet 24 on the depth positioning roller 21 presses the long straw on the ground to be matched with the straw crushing knife 32 to cut off and crush the straw, and the straw crushing knife 32 is matched with the fixed blade 34 to crush the straw scattered on the ground.
In order to prevent soil from adhering to the surface of the deep and shallow positioning roller 21, the front end of the movable knife rest 34 is hinged with a scraping plate 37 through a hinge shaft 36 with a torsion spring, and the scraping plate 37 is in close fit with the outer circle surface of the deep and shallow positioning roller 21 to scrape the soil adhered to the outer circle surface of the deep and shallow positioning roller 21.
The rotary tillage roller device 4 is composed of rotary tillage rollers 41, rotary tillage blades 42 fixedly connected to the surfaces of the rotary tillage rollers 41 and rotary tillage roller transmission gears 43 fixedly installed on the shaft ends of the rotary tillage rollers 41, and the left end and the right end of the rotary tillage rollers 41 are rotatably installed on the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 of the frame 1 through roller shafts and bearings and are positioned at the rear part of the crushing roller 31, namely the rear end part of the frame 1. Rotary blades 42 turn the soil loose.
A plurality of plow hooks 5 are fixedly connected and arranged on the rear Liang Jiagan 14 of the frame 1. The plow hook 5 turns the rotary tillage roller 41 over the soil furrows after the combing.
The straw burying device 6 comprises an upper shell plate 61, a left shell plate 62, a right shell plate 63 and a comb pressing plate 64, wherein the upper shell plate 61 is wide in front and narrow in back, the left shell plate 62 and the right shell plate 63 are wide in front and narrow in back, a plurality of comb pressing plates 64 are fixedly connected on the upper shell plate 61 in an arrayed and distributed manner, and the bottom edge 64a of the comb pressing plates 64 is a sloping edge with high front and low back; a plurality of straw combing and burying devices 6 are distributed among the plow hooks 5; the front end of the upper shell plate 61 of the straw burying device 6 is hinged on the rear Liang Jiagan 14 of the frame 1 by a hinge 65, and an elastic pressure device is arranged between the rear Liang Jiagan of the frame 1 and the upper shell plate 61 of the straw burying device 6. The elastic pressure device elastically presses down the straw burying device 6, so that the straw burying device 6 can elastically stand up to buffer and pass when running, such as when encountering hard stone blocks in soil.
In operation, the straw combing and burying device 6 is combed loose by the rotary blades 42 of the rotary tillage roller 41, the soil between the two plow hooks 5 is gathered and ridged, and simultaneously the comb pressing plate 64 of the straw combing and burying device 6 gradually presses the crushed straw on the ground surface into the soil in the ridge table, and the rear end 61a of the upper shell plate 61 of the straw combing and burying device 6 rakes the upper surface of the ridge table.
The transmission device consists of a main shaft 71 connected with the output shaft of the transmission gearbox 7, a driving gear 72 fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the main shaft 71 and arranged on the outer side of the left frame plate 11 or the left frame plate 12 of the frame 1, a rotary tillage roller transmission gear 43 fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the rotary tillage roller 41, a first intermediate wheel transmission gear 73 between the driving gear 72 and the rotary tillage roller transmission gear 43, a crushing roller transmission gear 33 fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the crushing roller 31, a transmission intermediate wheel gear set 74 between the first intermediate wheel transmission gear 73 and the crushing roller transmission gear 33, and a transmission gear box shell 75, wherein the transmission gear box shell 75 is fixedly connected and arranged on the outer side end face of the left frame plate 11 of the frame 1 and covers the gear therein.
The invention can complete the operations of stubble breaking and crushing of straw stubbles, crushing of straw scattered on the ground, loosening of soil, and ridging of crushed straw buried in the soil at one time, and the one-time operation of the invention meets the requirement of direct seeding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic perspective views of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the left side end face structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is composed of a frame 1, a deep and shallow positioning roller device 2, a crushing roller device 3, a rotary tillage roller device 4, a plow hook 5, a straw burying device 6, a transmission gearbox 7 and a transmission device.
The frame 1 comprises a left frame plate 11, a right frame plate 12, a front beam frame rod 13, a rear beam frame rod 14, a gearbox connecting mounting frame 15 and a frame upper cover 16; left frame plate 11 and right frame plate 12 fixed connection are in the left and right both ends of preceding Liang Jiagan and back beam frame pole 14, and gearbox connection mounting bracket 15 fixed mounting sets up in the middle part of preceding Liang Jiagan and back beam frame pole 14, and transmission gearbox 7 fixed mounting is on gearbox connection mounting bracket 15, and upper lug 151 that pull rod was connected on the three-point suspension support arm behind the tractor is fixed connection in the upper end of gearbox connection mounting bracket 15, left lower lug 152a and right lower lug 152b that lower pull rod was connected about the three-point suspension support arm behind the tractor are fixed connection respectively on Liang Jiagan in gearbox connection mounting bracket 15 left and right both ends.
The depth positioning roller device 2 consists of a depth positioning roller 21, a left connecting rod 22a, a right connecting rod 22b, a left hydraulic cylinder device 23a, a right hydraulic cylinder device 23b and a straw pressing sheet 24; the left and right shaft ends of the depth positioning roller 21 are respectively hinged with the front end parts of the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 of the frame 1 through a left connecting rod 22a and a right connecting rod 22b, and the front and rear ends of a left hydraulic cylinder device 23a and a right hydraulic cylinder device 23b are respectively hinged with the front end parts of the left connecting rod 22a and the right connecting rod 22b and the front end parts of the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 of the frame 1, so that the depth positioning roller 21 is driven to lift or descend through the simultaneous action of the left hydraulic cylinder device 23a and the right hydraulic cylinder device 23 b; straw pressing sheets 24 are fixedly connected and arranged on the surface of the depth positioning roller 21.
The crushing roller device 3 consists of a crushing roller 31, straw crushing cutters 32 which are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the crushing roller 31 in a distributed manner, a crushing roller transmission gear 33 which is fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the crushing roller 31, a movable cutter frame 34 which is fixedly arranged on the front Liang Jiagan of the frame 1, and fixed blades 35 which are matched with the straw crushing cutters 32 and are arranged on the movable cutter frame 34 in a distributed manner; the left and right ends of the crushing roller 31 are rotatably mounted on the left and right frame plates 11 and 12 of the frame 1 through roller shafts and bearings, and the crushing roller 31 is located at the front end of the frame 1.
The front end of the movable knife rest 34 is hinged with a scraper plate 37 through a hinge shaft 36 with a torsion spring, and the scraper plate 37 is in close fit with the outer circle surface of the deep and shallow positioning roller 21.
The rotary tillage roller device 4 is composed of rotary tillage rollers 41, rotary tillage blades 42 fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the rotary tillage rollers 41 and rotary tillage roller transmission gears 43 fixedly installed on the shaft ends of the rotary tillage rollers 41, and the left end and the right end of the rotary tillage rollers 41 are rotatably installed on the left frame plate 11 and the right frame plate 12 of the frame 1 through roller shafts and bearings and are positioned at the rear part of the crushing roller 31, namely the rear end part of the frame 1.
A plurality of plow hooks 5 are fixedly connected and arranged on the rear Liang Jiagan 14 of the frame 1.
The straw burying device 6 comprises an upper shell plate 61, a left shell plate 62, a right shell plate 63 and a comb pressing plate 64, wherein the upper shell plate 61 is wide in front and narrow in back, the left shell plate 62 and the right shell plate 63 are wide in front and narrow in back, namely the upper shell plate 61, a straw burying device shell formed by the left shell plate 62 and the right shell plate 63 is in a half-square frustum shape, a plurality of comb pressing plates 64 are fixedly connected on the upper shell plate 61 in an arrayed and distributed manner, and the bottom edge 64a of the comb pressing plate 64 is a sloping edge with high front and low back; a plurality of straw combing and burying devices 6 are distributed among the plow hooks 5; the front end of the upper shell plate 61 of the straw burying device 6 is hinged on the rear Liang Jiagan 14 of the frame 1 by a hinge 65, and an elastic pressure device is arranged between the rear Liang Jiagan of the frame 1 and the upper shell plate 61 of the straw burying device 6; as shown in the embodiment of the drawing, a pressing plate 66 is fixedly connected to the rear Liang Jiagan 14 of the frame 1, and a compression spring 67 and a compression spring pressure adjusting rod 68 are arranged between the pressing plate 66 and the upper shell plate 61 of the straw burying device 6.
The transmission device consists of a main shaft 71 connected with the output shaft of a transmission gearbox 7, a driving gear 72 fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the main shaft 71 and arranged on the outer side of a left frame plate 11 of the frame 1, a rotary tillage roller transmission gear 43 fixedly arranged on the shaft end of a rotary tillage roller 41, a first intermediate wheel transmission gear 73 between the driving gear 72 and the rotary tillage roller transmission gear 43, a crushing roller transmission gear 33 fixedly arranged on the shaft end of the crushing roller 31, a transmission intermediate wheel set 74 between the first intermediate wheel transmission gear 73 and the crushing roller transmission gear 33 and a transmission case 75, wherein the transmission case 75 is fixedly connected and arranged on the outer side end face of the left frame plate 11 of the frame 1, and the gear is covered in the transmission case to form a gear box.
When the invention works, the left and right hydraulic cylinder devices 23a and 23b of the deep and shallow positioning roller device 2 drive the height position of the deep and shallow positioning roller 21 to adjust the height position of the frame 1 from the ground, namely the height position of the crushing roller 31 of the crushing roller device 3 and the height position of the rotary tillage roller 41 of the rotary tillage roller device 4 from the ground.
When the depth positioning roller 21 rolls forwards, straw pressing pieces 24 on the roller surface press and bite straws with different lengths on the ground, the straw crushing blades 32 of the crushing roller 31 cut and crush the straws, the straw crushing blades 32 crush the stubbles of the straws, the straws cut and scattered on the ground are further crushed by the cooperation of the straw crushing blades 32 and the fixed blades 34 after being stirred up by the straw crushing blades 32, then the rotary blades 42 of the rotary tillage roller 41 rotationally turn and loosen the soil, the rotary blades 42 crush the straws again, the plow hook 5 rotationally turns the rotary tillage roller 41 into soil furrows after the loosening, the straw combing device 6 gathers and ridges the soil, and the comb pressing plate 64 of the straw combing device 6 gradually presses the crushed straws on the ground surface into the soil in a ridge table, and the crushed straws are flattened on the ridge table by the rear end 61a of the upper shell plate 61 of the straw combing device 6.