CN109641801A - 耐火陶瓷配料以及制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法 - Google Patents

耐火陶瓷配料以及制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法 Download PDF

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CN109641801A
CN109641801A CN201780053050.8A CN201780053050A CN109641801A CN 109641801 A CN109641801 A CN 109641801A CN 201780053050 A CN201780053050 A CN 201780053050A CN 109641801 A CN109641801 A CN 109641801A
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ingredient
fire
resistant base
base component
mass
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CN109641801B (zh
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G.雷夫
M.布拉斯
S.尤利
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及耐火陶瓷配料以及制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法。

Description

耐火陶瓷配料以及制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法
本发明涉及耐火陶瓷配料以及制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“耐火陶瓷产品”特别是指具有超过600℃的使用温度的耐火产品,并且优选是指根据DIN 5 1060 : 2000-6的耐火材料,即具有大于SK 17的示温锥当量的材料。示温锥当量的确定可以特别是根据DIN EN 993 - 12 : 1997-06进行。
已知用“耐火陶瓷配料”来表示由一种或多种组分或原料制成的组合物,可以通过该组合物借助温度处理,即特别是借助陶瓷烧制来制备耐火陶瓷产品。
为了处理未烧制的配料,它通常具有粘合剂,其也可以特别是以液体形式存在。在干燥或加热该配料期间,例如在陶瓷烧制期间,这类液体粘合剂的挥发性成分至少部分地从该配料中逸出,例如以气态或蒸气的形式。但是,如果这类液体粘合剂的挥发性成分过快地从配料中逸出,则这可能导致配料或由该配料烧制的耐火陶瓷产品的损坏。
例如,从配料中过快地逸出这类液体粘合剂的挥发性成分可能导致由其制成的耐火陶瓷产品中的碎裂或裂纹形成,这例如由于缺乏耐久性而可能使产品的可用性受损。
配料或由其烧制的耐火陶瓷产品受损的这类风险特别地也在使用硅溶胶形式的粘合剂时出现。
因此,不乏尝试着提供具有硅溶胶形式的粘合剂的配料,其中在干燥或加热配料时降低配料或由其烧制的耐火陶瓷产品受损的风险。
本发明的目的是提供一种耐火陶瓷配料,其包含硅溶胶形式的粘合剂,并且在其被干燥和加热时,降低了配料以及由其烧制的耐火陶瓷产品受损的风险。
为了实现该目的,本发明提供一种耐火陶瓷配料,其包含以下组分:耐火基础组分、硅溶胶形式的粘合剂以及一种或多种多元醇形式的醇组分。所述硅溶胶在此以聚硅酸在水中的胶体悬浮液的形式存在。此外,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少10且最多55。
令人惊讶地,已经根据本发明发现了可以提供实现上述目的的耐火陶瓷配料,只要其一方面包含所述的醇组分,且另一方面该硅溶胶的聚硅酸和耐火基础组分彼此以一个特定的质量比存在。
根据本发明已经发现了,可以在耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的至少10且最多55的质量比时提供具有硅溶胶形式的粘合剂的配料,其中在其被干燥或加热时降低了配料或由其烧制的耐火陶瓷产品受损的风险。
根据本发明人的迄今为止的研究,在本发明的配料被干燥或加热时,所述配料或由其烧制的耐火陶瓷产品受损降低的效应可以特别地归因于在本发明的配料被干燥或加热时,硅溶胶的挥发性部分特别慢且均匀逸出,特别是比在具有硅溶胶形式的粘合剂的配料(其不包含醇组分形式的本发明组分或其中耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比不在本发明的范围内)时更慢且更均匀。
已知硅溶胶是由二氧化硅形成的聚硅酸在水中的胶体悬浮液。
根据本发明,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比,即本发明配料中的耐火基础组分的质量与粘合剂的聚硅酸的质量的比例在10至55的范围内。
根据本发明发现了,当耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比接近至少24且最多34的非常特定的范围时,在本发明的配料被干燥或加热时从其中越来越均匀或越来越慢地逸出来自粘合剂的挥发性成分。
就这方面来说可以设定,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少10,即特别地,例如也为至少11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23或至少24。
就这方面来说,还可以设定,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为最多55,即特别地,例如也为最多52、48、44、40、36、35或最多34。
根据一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少16且最多48。根据另一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少19且最多40。根据另一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少22且最多36。最后,根据另一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少24且最多34。
基于本发明配料的耐火基础组分的质量计,聚硅酸例如以2至8质量%范围内的份额存在于配料中,即例如也以至少2、3或4质量%的份额和例如也以最多8、7、6或5质量%的份额。
在本发明的配料中,耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比可以为例如至少5且最多25。就这方面来说,耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比可例如为至少5、6、7或8和例如为最多25、24、23、22、21、20、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12或11。
根据本发明发现了,当配料中的耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比在所述范围内时,在本发明的配料被干燥或加热时从其中还更均匀或更慢地逸出来自粘合剂的挥发性成分。
根据一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比为至少6且最多20。根据一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比为至少7且最多15。根据另一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比为至少8且最多11。
基于硅溶胶的质量计,聚硅酸例如以30至50质量%范围内的份额存在于硅溶胶中,即例如也以至少30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39或40质量%的份额和例如也以最多50、49、48、47或46质量%的份额。根据一个实施方案设定,硅溶胶中的聚硅酸的质量份额为至少36且最多48。根据另一个实施方案设定,硅溶胶中的聚硅酸的质量份额为至少38且最多46。
根据本发明发现了,当聚硅酸与醇组分的质量比,即本发明配料中的硅溶胶的聚硅酸的质量与醇组分的质量的比例在至少3且最多16的特定范围内时,可以进一步改进本发明配料的有利性质,即特别是其良好的干燥-和加热性质。如果该质量比越来越接近至少4且最多12的特定范围,可以进一步改进本发明配料的性质。就这方面来说,可以设定,聚硅酸与醇组分的质量比为至少3、4或5,且例如为最多17、16、15、14、13或12。
基于耐火基础组分的质量计,本发明配料中的醇组分可以例如以0.2至1.8质量%范围内的份额存在,即也例如以至少0.2质量%、0.3质量%、0.4质量%或0.5质量%的份额,和例如也以最多1.8质量%、1.7质量%、1.6质量%、1.5质量%、1.4质量%、1.3质量%、1.2质量%、1.1质量%、1.0质量%、0.9质量%、0.8质量%或0.7质量%的份额。
本发明的配料包含一种或多种多元醇形式的醇组分,特别是例如以下列多元醇中一种或多种的形式:一种或多种二元醇或一种或多种三元醇。
三元醇尤其可以以一种或多种脂族三元醇的形式,例如以甘油的形式存在。
醇组分优选以一种或多种二元醇的形式存在,特别是以下列二元醇中的至少一种的形式:单乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇或二丙二醇。
所述醇组分特别优选以下列二元醇中的至少一种的形式存在:单乙二醇或二乙二醇。
耐火基础组分由一种或多种耐火原料组成。原则上,耐火基础组分可以由一种或多种任意的耐火原料组成,其可以存在于耐火陶瓷配料中。然而,优选地,耐火基础组分由一种或多种非碱性原料组成。众所周知,非碱性原料基于氧化物SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Cr2O3或碳化物SiC中的至少一种。就这方面来说,可以优选地设定,本发明配料的耐火基础组分由一种或多种基于下列物质中的至少一种的原料组成:SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Cr2O3或SiC。
这些物质可以分别由这些物质之一制成的原料的形式,例如石英(SiO2)、石英玻璃(SiO2)、刚玉(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)或碳化硅(SiC),和/或由这些物质中的多种制成的原料的形式,例如耐火泥(SiO2、Al2O3)、富铝红柱石(SiO2、Al2O3)或锆石(ZrO2、SiO2)存在。
根据一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分的至少90重量%(基于耐火基础组分的总质量计)由一种或多种基于下列物质中的至少一种的原料组成:SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Cr2O3或SiC。
根据一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分包含下列原料中的一种或多种:
石英、石英玻璃、熔融石英(Quarzgut)、微硅粉(Mikrosilika)、耐火泥、富铝红柱石,富含富铝红柱石的原料、红柱石、瓷碎片、铝土矿、烧结刚玉、粘土、氧化锆、锆石、蓝晶石、硅线石、铬矿(Chromerz)或SiC。根据一个实施方案设定,耐火基础组分的至少90质量%(基于耐火基础组分的总质量计)由上述原料中的一种或多种组成。
根据一个实施方案设定,除了上述原料之外,耐火基础组分还包含下列原料中的一种或多种:高铝水泥、碳载剂、抗氧化剂(特别是金属组分,特别是下列组分中的至少一种,其优选以粉末形式:金属铝或金属硅)、粘合用粘土或钢针(Stahlnadeln)。例如可以设定,耐火基础组分以0至10质量%范围内的份额(基于所述耐火基础组分的总质量计)包含上述另外的原料,即例如也以1质量%至10质量%范围内的份额或以1质量%至5质量%范围内的份额。
根据一个实施方案设定,基于所述耐火基础组分的总质量计,该耐火基础组分的至少90质量%由下列物质中的一种或多种组成:SiO2、Al2O3 、ZrO2、Cr2O3或SiC。如上所述,这些氧化物又可以以纯氧化物的形式或以由这些氧化物中的多种制成的化合物的形式存在。
根据本发明发现了,配料可能非常敏感地对配料中除上述组分外存在的另外的组分起反应。特别地,由于所述另外的组分,配料的干燥和加热性质可能变差。因此,根据一个实施方案设定,除了上述组分之外,即除了耐火基础组分、硅溶胶形式的粘合剂以及醇组分之外,配料具有低于10质量%份额的另外的组分,即例如也以低于5质量%的份额或以低于2质量%的份额,在每种情况下基于配料的总质量计。
原则上,本发明的耐火陶瓷配料可以以任意的方式使用,或经处理以制备耐火陶瓷产品。优选使用本发明的耐火陶瓷配料来制备未成型的耐火陶瓷产品,即根据未成型的耐火陶瓷材料的种类,即根据所谓的耐火陶瓷物料的种类。
由本发明耐火陶瓷配料制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法包括下列步骤:
提供本发明的配料;
将配料加热以产生耐火陶瓷产品。
特别优选地,将本发明的配料烧制成未成型的耐火陶瓷产品。
因此,所述配料的加热可以是陶瓷烧制,即温度处理,其中耐火基础组分,即配料的耐火原料相互烧结以产生耐火陶瓷产品。因此,可由本发明的配料烧制的耐火陶瓷产品可以是烧结产品。
所述烧制可以在各自的适合于烧结所述基础组分的原料的温度下,例如在1200至1600℃范围内的温度下,特别是例如在1250至1500℃范围内的温度下进行。
如上所述,本发明的配料优选根据耐火物料的种类处理。就这方面而言,可以优选地设置,配料在其烧制之前不成型,即例如压制。相反,配料可以以未成型的方式施加到骨料(Aggregat)的表面上,例如工业炉的耐火衬里的一部分上,并且随后在那里烧制,特别是通过加热该骨料。
本发明的其它特征从权利要求、本发明的实施例的以下描述、附图以及所属的附图描述中获知。
本发明的所有特征可以单独地或以组合的形式任意相互组合。
下面更详细地解释根据下面描述的实施例1至4的本发明配料的四个实施例。
此外图1显示了根据实施例1至4的本发明配料的干燥曲线以及非本发明的配料的干燥曲线。
根据实施例1至4的配料在每种情况下由以下组分组成:耐火基础组分、硅溶胶形式的粘合剂、单乙二醇或二乙二醇形式的醇组分以及纤维。
耐火基础组分在每种情况下由以下质量份额的以下耐火陶瓷原料组成,在每种情况下基于耐火基础组分的总质量计:耐火泥(至6.30mm):82质量%;煅烧粘土:16质量%;微硅粉:2质量%。
纤维以聚丙烯纤维的形式以0.05质量%的质量份额存在,基于耐火基础组分(不含聚丙烯纤维)的总质量计。
此外,硅溶胶以9.5质量%的质量份额存在于根据实施例1至4的配料中,基于耐火基础组分(不含硅溶胶)的总质量计。硅溶胶以聚硅酸在水中的胶体悬浮液的形式存在。基于硅溶胶的总质量计,硅溶胶中的聚硅酸的质量份额为40质量%。因此,耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为26.32。
因此,基于耐火基础组分的质量计,聚硅酸在配料中以3.8质量%的份额存在。
此外,耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比相应地为10.53。
根据实施例1至4的配料在其中分别存在的醇组分的种类和份额方面不同。
因此,在根据实施例1和2的配料中分别存在单乙二醇形式的醇组分,而在实施例3和4中分别存在二乙二醇形式的醇组分。
为了实现醇组分在各自配料上的尽可能均匀的分布,在每种情况下将醇组分与硅溶胶混合,然后将硅溶胶与另外的组分混合以产生根据实施例的配料。
根据实施例1,单乙二醇以5质量%的份额在硅溶胶中以溶解的形式存在,基于不含单乙二醇的硅溶胶质量计。由此导致配料中的聚硅酸与单乙二醇的质量比为8。
根据实施例2,单乙二醇以10质量%的份额在硅溶胶中以溶解的形式存在,基于不含单乙二醇的硅溶胶质量计。由此导致聚硅酸与单乙二醇的质量比为4。
根据实施例3,二乙二醇以5质量%的份额在硅溶胶中以溶解的形式存在,基于不含二乙二醇的硅溶胶质量计。由此导致聚硅酸与二乙二醇的质量比为8。
最后,根据实施例4,二乙二醇以10质量%的份额在硅溶胶中以溶解的形式存在,基于不含二乙二醇的硅溶胶质量计。由此导致聚硅酸与二乙二醇的质量比为4。
将相应配制(konfektionierten)的配料紧密混合,且然后以约1℃/分钟的均匀加热速率加热至约400℃。
在图1中,显示了根据上述实施例1至4的配料的相应干燥曲线。在这种情况下,在横坐标上描绘在每种情况下达到的温度,且在纵坐标上描绘在达到横坐标上示出的温度时配料的重量损失,基于配料的挥发性成分的总质量计。总重量损失标准化为100%。
可以清楚地看出,根据实施例1至4的所有四个配料记录了在直至约230°C的温度时其重量损失为约90%。这可归因于硅溶胶的挥发性组分的大部分在直至该温度时以蒸气形式挥发。
为了将根据实施例1至4的配料的干燥性质与根据现有技术的配料进行比较,制备了另一种配料,其基本上对应于根据实施例1至4的配料,但是具有唯一差异,即所述根据对比例的配料不具有醇组分。
如从图1中该配料的干燥曲线(称为“现有技术”)可以获知,该配料在直至约160℃的温度时就已记录了其约90%的重量损失。
在加热时,根据实施例1至4的本发明配料因此比根据对比例的配料更慢地释放其粘合剂的可挥发成分的大部分,因此在根据实施例1至4的本发明配料的情况下,配料或由其制成的耐火陶瓷产品的受损风险明显降低。

Claims (12)

1.耐火陶瓷配料,其包含下列特征:
1.1 所述配料包含下列组分:
1.1.1 耐火基础组分;
1.1.2硅溶胶形式的粘合剂;
1.1.3一种或多种多元醇形式的醇组分;
1.2硅溶胶以聚硅酸在水中的胶体悬浮液的形式存在;
1.3耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少10且最多55;
1.4多元醇以下列多元醇中的一种或多种的形式存在:一种或多种二元醇或一种或多种三元醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中所述耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少16且最多48。
3.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其中耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少19且最多40。
4.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其中耐火基础组分与聚硅酸的质量比为至少24且最多34。
5.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其中耐火基础组分与硅溶胶的质量比为至少5且最多25。
6.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其具有一种或多种二元醇形式的多元醇。
7.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其具有下列二元醇中至少一种的形式的二元醇:单乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇或二丙二醇。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其具有下列二元醇中至少一种的形式的二元醇:单乙二醇或二乙二醇。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其中聚硅酸与醇组分的质量比为至少3且最多16。
10.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其中所述耐火基础组分由一种或多种基于下列物质中的至少一种的原料组成:SiO2、Al2O3 、ZrO2、Cr2O3或SiC。
11.根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料,其中所述耐火基础组分的至少90质量%由下列氧化物中的一种或多种组成:SiO2、Al2O3 、ZrO2、Cr2O3或SiC。
12.制备耐火陶瓷产品的方法,其包含下列特征:
12.1提供根据前述权利要求中至少一项的配料;
12.2将所述配料加热以产生耐火陶瓷产品。
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