CN109537088A - 一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法 - Google Patents
一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109537088A CN109537088A CN201811411505.1A CN201811411505A CN109537088A CN 109537088 A CN109537088 A CN 109537088A CN 201811411505 A CN201811411505 A CN 201811411505A CN 109537088 A CN109537088 A CN 109537088A
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/688—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing sulfur
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,包括以下步骤:S1、改性聚酯的制备;S2、改性聚酯母粒制备;S3、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制备;S4、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的后处理。本发明的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法能够制备出单组分异收缩纤维,且制备出的异收缩涤纶低弹丝具有上染速率高、染色均匀且收缩性能好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚酯纤维技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法。
背景技术
涤纶作为合成纤维三大纶之一,其可纺性及服用性均优于其他纤维,近年来发展甚为迅速,尤其在服用领域占有有利于大的比例。各种以PET为原料开发的新合纤更是层出不穷,其中PET三异纤维更是新合纤的核心。三异纤维即为异纤度、异界面和异收缩,其中又以异收缩为主要技术难点。
异收缩纤维是一种由于收缩率不同而产生异收缩性能的纤维,目前市场上比较多的异收缩纤维多采用两股或三股不同收缩率的长丝进行网络合股的方法制得。
现有技术中,申请号为CN201010272608.1的中国发明专利文件中公开了一种涤纶参与好心异收缩复合长丝的制造方法,按以下步骤进行:(1)选用16.5dtex~33dtex、12F~48F的超细涤纶FDY和16.5dtex~28.6dtex、12F~48F超细涤纶POY;(2)将超细涤纶FDY和超细涤纶POY在拼网络丝机上进行合股网络;(3)将超细涤纶FDY和超细涤纶POY进行合股网络后,再经化纤倍捻机加捻制取张力均匀、抱合好的股线,加捻数为1700~3500T/M;(4)经加捻后,再经蒸丝箱定型,获得符合要求的异收缩复合长丝。
现有技术中的这种异收缩复合长丝属于网络合股异收缩纤维,网络合股的纤维由于丝束之间抱合力弱,收缩后外观形态往往很不理想。另外,由于合股过程中机械的原因,易造成丝束的不均匀,从而影响织物的外观质量。
现有技术中,申请号为CN201320117844.5的中国实用新型专利文件中公开了一种异形自卷曲聚酯纤维,它由常规聚酯和高收缩聚酯熔融复合纺丝制成,其中的常规聚酯和高收缩聚酯并列而成异形复合纤维,纤维的横截面为三角形、T形、Y形、H形截面结构中的至少一种。
现有的这种异性自卷曲聚酯纤维是并列双组份纤维,制造工艺复杂,且PET属于对称性的直链大分子,分子链不含有侧链基团,规整性非常好,这种结构的玻璃化转变温度较高,需要在很高的温度下染色,促进染料分子向纤维内部的扩散。另外,PET的分子链规整,结晶性好,分子链排列紧密,并且分子链上没有与染料分子发生作用的极性基团,使聚酯纤维的上色更加困难。由于它分子中没有亲水基团,吸湿性很差,这导致涤纶的染色比较困难。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于提供异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,能够制备出单组分异收缩纤维,且制备出的异收缩涤纶低弹丝具有上染速率高、染色均匀且收缩性能好的特点。
为实现上述第一个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、改性聚酯的制备:(1)向反应釜中加入10-15份对苯二甲酸和15-20份乙二醇,同时加入1-5份催化剂和1-5份稳定剂,搅拌混合,在260-280℃下反应3-5h;
(2)将0.5-1份2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇和1-5份2,2-二甲基-1,3丙二醇混合均匀,放入反应釜中,再加入1-6份步骤(1)所得产物和1-5份间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,进行酯化反应,得酯化产物;
(3)将酯化产物转入缩聚釜,升温至260-270℃,向缩聚釜中加入与酯化产物质量比为1:1.5-2的促进剂,反应40-50min后,进行缩聚反应,缩聚后,出料,切粒,干燥;
S2、改性聚酯母粒制备:将10-20份改性聚酯颗粒、1-5份分子量调节剂、1-10份抗氧剂和1-5份润滑剂进行熔融造粒,制成改性聚酯母粒;
S3、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制备:将10-15份改性聚酯母粒和1-5份羊毛粉体、1-10份聚酯PET切片由凸字形喷丝孔喷出,经过喷洗板下方的超短无风区,然后呈梯度分布的不均匀冷却固化方式,制得预取向丝,再经过低温加弹工艺制得异收缩涤纶低弹丝。
S4、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的后处理:将1-5份匀染剂溶解于20-100份水中,并加热至60-65℃,保温搅拌20-25min,制得匀染液,再将5-10份异收缩涤纶低弹丝至于温度为50-60℃,相对湿度在60-70%的环境中静置1-2h,将晕染液通过喷雾的方式喷洒在异收缩涤纶低弹丝上,喷完后至于80-85℃,相对湿度在45-50%的环境中静置0.5-1h。
通过采用上述技术方案,首先进行改性聚酯的制备,使用对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇等原料制得改性聚酯,且通过添加间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,引入强极性磺酸基团,不仅能够改变聚酯纤维原本紧密的大分子链结构形态,而且赋予纤维优良的碱水解性能,聚酯纤维对阳离子染料的吸收率增加,具有良好的阳离子染料可染性,上染率高,在沸水处理或干热处理后,呈卷曲状,能够赋予纤维触觉轻柔、回弹性好、超蓬松等优点;将改性聚酯制备呈改性聚酯母粒,再将改性聚酯母粒、羊毛粉体和PET聚酯切片进行纺丝,羊毛粉体能够提高聚酯纤维的力学性能和防水性,使制得的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的性能优良,吸湿快干、染色性能好,将改性聚酯纤维放入匀染剂中浸泡,能够使由改性聚酯纤维具有良好的上染率和染色性能。
进一步地,所述匀染剂包括以下重量份的组分:10-20份聚乙二醇、1-10份亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠、0.5-1份焦糖、30-50份水、1-5份水解聚马来酸酐、5-10份乙氧基化羊毛酯、1-5份二氧化硅、5-10份十八烷基异氰酸酯。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于聚乙二醇能够降低晶格堆积密度,使材料具备更好的透明度、耐热性和加工性,十八烷基异氰酸酯能够使织物具有柔软的手感,亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠对聚酯纤维具有较强的亲和力,匀染性好且凝聚小,且亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠具有优良分散性能,可均匀附着在改性聚酯纤维的表面,从而使染料染色均匀,且二氧化硅、焦糖和水解聚马来酸酐能够增强匀染剂的渗透性能,使匀染剂渗入聚酯纤维内部,从而达到匀染效果。
进一步地,所述匀染剂由以下方法制备而成:将二氧化硅、水解聚马来酸酐、焦糖和水充分混合,制成60-80目的颗粒,研磨成纳米胶粉,将纳米胶粉加入反应器中,再向反应器中加入聚乙二醇、亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠,搅拌2-5min,直至完全溶解;将加热至60-80℃,加入乙氧基化羊毛酯、十八烷基异氰酸酯,混合均匀,即制得匀染剂。
通过采用上述技术方案,将二氧化硅、水解聚马来酸酐、焦糖和水研磨成粉末后再与其他材料进行混合,纳米胶粉与各种原料的相互配合,能够增强其他原料的渗透性,使其他原料经过渗透作用进入聚酯纤维内部,从而提高聚酯纤维的色牢度,增强匀染性能,降低色差,实现对聚酯纤维的均匀染色。
进一步地,所述促进剂按照以下方法制备而成:将1-5份有机硅灰石纳米针状纤维、10-15份氢氧化镁晶须、1-5份聚乙二醇、5-10份1,4-丁二醇、5-10份对羟基苯甲酸、0.5-1份乙二醇锑、1-5份云母粉,5-10份蒙脱土、1-3份质子化磷酸混合,在60-70℃下密闭搅拌球磨机研磨1-2h后,在真空下脱水至含水量小于1%,控制温度为65-70℃,保温1-2h。
通过采用上述技术方案,氢氧化镁晶须是以单晶形式成长而成的直径非常小、原子排列高度有序、强度接近完整晶体的理论值、且有一定长径比(5-1000)的纤维状态,氢氧化镁晶须具有强度高、耐热、阻燃、抗菌等功能,因为氢氧化镁晶须的长度是高分子材料大分子链长度的几倍甚至几十倍,在改性聚酯中加入氢氧化镁晶须,可以增加聚酯纤维的强度和韧性;对羟基苯甲酸可以与改性聚酯熔体形成一种热致液晶共聚酯,能够提高聚酯纤维的强度和模量;云母粉能够提高聚酯熔体的强度,使其形变小,加工流动性好,蒙脱土具有较高的表面能和良好的分散性,与改性聚酯熔体有很强的亲和力,能够促进聚酯结晶,增加聚酯纤维的拉伸度,丁二醇、乙二醇锑和质子化磷酸的加入,使得纺织出的纤维具有更优良的异收缩性能。
进一步地,所述步骤S1中酯化反应在氮气氛围中加压,压力控制在常压-0.3MPa,温度为250-260℃,反应50-60min。
进一步地,所述步骤S1中缩聚反应在真空状态下进行,且缩聚温度为280-290℃,缩聚时间为60-70min,绝对压力在100MPa以下。
进一步地,所述催化剂为三氧化二锑、乙二醇锑和醋酸锑中的一种或几种的混合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,三氧化二锑使用方便,且催化活性适中,使得缩聚时间短,醋酸锑在乙二醇中具有较好的溶解性,在乙二醇中分散均匀,克提高锑的利用效率,且醋酸锑具有催化活性高,降解反应少,耐热性好和加工稳定好等优点,乙二醇锑中锑离子的活性高,催化效果好,缩短反应时间。
进一步地,所述稳定剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯和亚磷酸三甲酯中的一种或几种的混合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,亚磷酸三苯酯能够改善聚酯纤维的耐热性和耐候性,磷酸三甲酯能够有效减少DEG的生成,降低酯化反应的波动,提高改性聚酯的质量。
进一步地,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯中一种或几种的混合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,硬脂酸酰胺能够提高涤纶抗菌母粒和抗氧化剂、抗紫外线剂的分散性,且其与乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯并用,能够减少涤纶抗菌母粒在挤出造粒时与挤出机的摩擦,协同效果明显。
进一步地,所述抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168、EDTA中的一种或几种的混合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,抗氧化剂能够提高涤纶纱线的抗氧化性能,其中EDTA为一种金属粒子螯合剂,能够螯合金属粒子,抗坏血酸分子结构中具有多羟基,能够被氧化,从而起到抗氧化作用,抗氧剂168与抗氧剂1010协同作用,具有优异的抗氧化性能,延长涤纶抗菌母粒的使用期限。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
第一、由于本发明的方法在PET纤维中添加间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,在聚酯纤维中引入强极性的磺酸基团,使得聚酯纤维原本紧密的大分子链结构形态变得蓬松柔软,还可以赋予聚酯纤维优良的碱水解性能,使得聚酯纤维对阳离子染料的吸收率增加,从而使聚酯纤维具有良好的可染性,上染率高,且在废水处理或干热处理后,呈卷曲状,能够赋予纤维触觉轻柔、回弹性好、超蓬松等优点。
第二、本发明的方法中将改性聚酯颗粒与羊毛粉体和PET切片进行纺丝,羊毛粉体能够提高聚酯纤维的力学性能,使聚酯纤维具有毛感和良好的弹性、吸湿性、耐腐蚀性、蓬松性和染色性能。
第三、本发明的方法中使用促进剂与酯化产物进行缩聚反应,其中促进剂中的氢氧化镁晶须能够提高聚酯纤维的强度和韧性,对羟基苯甲酸可以与改性聚酯熔体形成一种热致液晶共聚酯,能够提高聚酯纤维的强度和模量;云母粉能够提高聚酯熔体的强度,使其形变小,加工流动性好,蒙脱土具有较高的表面能和良好的分散性,与改性聚酯熔体有很强的亲和力,能够促进聚酯结晶,增加聚酯纤维的拉伸度,丁二醇、乙二醇锑和质子化磷酸的加入,使得纺织出的纤维具有更优良的异收缩性能。
第四、本发明中将二氧化硅、水解聚马来酸酐、焦糖和水研磨成粉末后再与其他材料进行混合,纳米胶粉与各种原料的相互配合,能够增强其他原料的渗透性,使其他原料经过渗透作用进入聚酯纤维内部,从而提高聚酯纤维的色牢度,增强匀染性能,降低色差,实现对聚酯纤维的均匀染色。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
匀染剂的制备例1-3
制备例1:按照表1中的配比,将1kg二氧化硅、1kg水解聚马来酸酐、0.5kg焦糖和30kg水充分混合,制成60目的颗粒,研磨成纳米胶粉,将纳米胶粉加入反应器中,再向反应器中加入10kg聚乙二醇、1kg亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠,搅拌2min,直至完全溶解;将加热至60℃,加入5kg乙氧基化羊毛酯、5kg十八烷基异氰酸酯,混合均匀,即制得匀染剂。
表1制备例1-3中匀染剂的原料配比
制备例2:按照表1中的配比,将3kg二氧化硅、3kg水解聚马来酸酐、0.8kg焦糖和40kg水充分混合,制成70目的颗粒,研磨成纳米胶粉,将纳米胶粉加入反应器中,再向反应器中加入15kg聚乙二醇、5kg亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠,搅拌4min,直至完全溶解;将加热至70℃,加入8kg乙氧基化羊毛酯、8kg十八烷基异氰酸酯,混合均匀,即制得匀染剂。
制备例3:按照表1中的配比,将5kg二氧化硅、5kg水解聚马来酸酐、1kg焦糖和50kg水充分混合,制成80目的颗粒,研磨成纳米胶粉,将纳米胶粉加入反应器中,再向反应器中加入20kg聚乙二醇、10kg亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠,搅拌5min,直至完全溶解;将加热至80℃,加入10kg乙氧基化羊毛酯、10kg十八烷基异氰酸酯,混合均匀,即制得匀染剂。
促进剂的制备例4-6
制备例4:按照表2中的配比,将1份有机硅灰石纳米针状纤维、10份氢氧化镁晶须、1份聚乙二醇、5份1,4-丁二醇、5份对羟基苯甲酸、0.5份乙二醇锑、1份云母粉,5份蒙脱土、1份质子化磷酸混合,在60℃下密闭搅拌球磨机研磨1h后,在真空下脱水至含水量小于1%,控制温度为65℃,保温1h,有机化硅灰石纳米针状纤维的长径比为16:1,云母粉的粒径为800目。
表2制备例4-6中促进剂的原料配比
制备例5:按照表2中的配比,将3份有机硅灰石纳米针状纤维、13份氢氧化镁晶须、3份聚乙二醇、8份1,4-丁二醇、8份对羟基苯甲酸、0.8份乙二醇锑、3份云母粉,8份蒙脱土、2份质子化磷酸混合,在65℃下密闭搅拌球磨机研磨1.5h后,在真空下脱水至含水量小于1%,控制温度为68℃,保温1.5h,有机化硅灰石纳米针状纤维的长径比为15:0.8,云母粉的粒径为800目。
制备例6:按照表2中的配比,将5份有机硅灰石纳米针状纤维、15份氢氧化镁晶须、5份聚乙二醇、10份1,4-丁二醇、10份对羟基苯甲酸、1份乙二醇锑、5份云母粉,10份蒙脱土、3份质子化磷酸混合,在70℃下密闭搅拌球磨机研磨2h后,在真空下脱水至含水量小于1%,控制温度为70℃,保温2h,有机化硅灰石纳米针状纤维的长径比为14:0.5,云母粉的粒径为800目。
实施例
实施例1:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、改性聚酯的制备:(1)按照表3中的配比,向反应釜中加入10kg份对苯二甲酸和15kg乙二醇,同时加入1kg份三氧化二锑和1kg份亚磷酸三苯酯,搅拌混合,在260℃下反应3;(2)将0.5kg2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇和1kg2,2-二甲基-1,3丙二醇混合均匀,放入反应釜中,再加入1kg步骤(1)所得产物1kg间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,进行酯化反应,得酯化产物,酯化反应在氮气氛围中加压,压力控制在常压下,温度为250℃,反应50min;
(3)将酯化产物转入缩聚釜,升温至260℃,向缩聚釜中加入与酯化产物质量比为1:1.5的促进剂,反应40min后,进行缩聚反应,缩聚后,出料,切粒,干燥;其中缩聚反应在真空状态下进行,且缩聚温度为280℃,缩聚时间为60min,绝对压力在100MPa以下,促进剂由制备例4制备而成;
S2、改性聚酯母粒制备:将10kg改性聚酯颗粒、1kg分子量调节剂、1kg抗氧剂和1kg润滑剂进行熔融造粒,制成改性聚酯母粒,抗氧剂为坏血酸,润滑剂为硬脂酸酰胺,分子量调节剂为3-巯基丙酸异辛酯;
S3、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制备:将10kg改性聚酯母粒和1kg羊毛粉体、1kg聚酯PET切片由凸字形喷丝孔喷出,经过喷洗板下方的超短无风区,然后呈梯度分布的不均匀冷却固化方式,制得预取向丝,再经过低温加弹工艺制得异收缩涤纶低弹丝。
S4、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的后处理:将1kg匀染剂溶解于20kg水中,并加热至60℃,保温搅拌20min,制得匀染液,再将5kg异收缩涤纶低弹丝至于温度为50℃,相对湿度在60%的环境中静置1h,将晕染液通过喷雾的方式喷洒在异收缩涤纶低弹丝上,喷完后至于80℃,相对湿度在45%的环境中静置0.5h,匀染剂由制备例1制备而成。
表3实施例1-3中异收缩涤纶低弹丝的原料配比
实施例2:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,异收缩涤纶低弹丝的原料配比如表2所示,匀染剂由制备例2制备而成,促进剂由制备例5制备而成。
实施例3:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,异收缩涤纶低弹丝的原料配比如表2所示,匀染剂由制备例3制备而成,促进剂由制备例6制备而成。
实施例4:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中(3)中酯化产物与促进剂的质量比为1:1.8。
实施例5:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中(3)中酯化产物与促进剂的质量比为1:2。
实施例6:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中:(1)反应釜的搅拌温度为270℃,反应时间为4h;(2)酯化反应在氮气氛围中加压,压力控制在0.2MPa下,温度为255℃,反应55min;(3)将酯化产物转入缩聚釜,升温至265℃,反应45min后,缩聚反应在真空状态下进行,且缩聚温度为285℃,缩聚时间为65min,绝对压力在100MPa以下;步骤S2中,抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010,润滑剂为乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺,分子量调节剂为正十二烷基硫醇;步骤S4中将匀染剂和水加热至63℃,保温搅拌23min,将异收缩涤纶低弹丝至于温度为55℃,相对湿度为65%的环境中静置1.5h,将晕染液通过喷雾的方式喷洒在异收缩涤纶低弹丝上,喷完后至于83℃,相对湿度在48%的环境中静置0.8h。
实施例7:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中:(1)反应釜的搅拌温度为280℃,反应时间为5h;(2)酯化反应在氮气氛围中加压,压力控制在0.3MPa下,温度为260℃,反应60min;(3)将酯化产物转入缩聚釜,升温至270℃,反应50min后,缩聚反应在真空状态下进行,且缩聚温度为290℃,缩聚时间为70min,绝对压力在100MPa以下;步骤S2中,抗氧剂为抗氧剂168,润滑剂为季戊四醇硬脂酸酯,分子量调节剂为叔十二烷基硫醇;步骤S4中将匀染剂和水加热至65℃,保温搅拌25min,将异收缩涤纶低弹丝至于温度为60℃,相对湿度为70%的环境中静置2h,将晕染液通过喷雾的方式喷洒在异收缩涤纶低弹丝上,喷完后至于85℃,相对湿度在50%的环境中静置1h。
对比例
对比例1:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中制备改性聚酯的原料中不含间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠。
对比例2:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中制备改性聚酯的原料中不含促进剂。
对比例3:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中制备改性聚酯的促进剂中不含氢氧化镁晶须。
对比例4:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中制备改性聚酯的促进剂中不含云母粉和蒙脱土。
对比例5:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,不含步骤S4、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的后处理步骤。
对比例6:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,匀染剂中不含水解聚马来酸酐、焦糖和二氧化硅。
对比例7:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,匀染剂由申请号为CN201310678369.3且专利名称为用于聚酯纤维的高温匀染剂的中国发明专利申请文件中的实施例1代替。
对比例8:一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,与实施例1的区别在于,匀染剂由申请号为CN201410125362.3且专利名称为一种超细纤维织物高温匀染剂的合成制备方法的中国发明专利申请文件中的实施例1代替。
性能检测试验
一、织物的力学性能测试:按照实施例1-7和对比例1-7中的方法制备异收缩涤纶低弹丝,按照以下标准检测异收缩涤纶低弹丝的各项性能,测试结果如表4所示:
1、断裂强力和断裂伸长率:按照GB/T3923.1-1997《纺织品织物拉伸性能第1部分:断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定条样法》在HD026n型电子织物强力仪上进行试验;取异收缩涤纶低弹丝,将多根低弹丝合并成宽度为55mm,长度为300mm的试验条样,每个实施例和每个对比例各测试5个试样,取平均值;
2、撕破性能:按照GB/T3917.1-2009《纺织品织物撕破性能第1部分:冲击摆锤法撕破强力的测定》在YG0330型数字式织物撕破仪上进行试验,取异收缩涤纶低弹丝,将多根低弹丝合并成宽度为55mm,长度为300mm的试验条样,每个实施例和每个对比例各测试5个试样,取平均值;
3、弹性回复率和弹性拉伸率:按照FZ/T70006-2004《针织物拉伸弹性回复率试验方法》检测,取异收缩涤纶低弹丝,将多根低弹丝合并成宽度为55mm,长度为300mm的试验条样,每个实施例和每个对比例各测试5个试样,取平均值;
表4实施例1-7和对比例1-8中异收缩涤纶低弹丝的力学性能测试
由表4中数据可以看出,按照实施例1-7中方法制得的异收缩涤纶低弹丝虽然弹性回复率和弹性拉伸率不高,且断裂强力等性能均较强,不易断裂。对比例1中未添加甲苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,异收缩涤纶低弹丝的弹性回复率更差,且断裂强力和撕破强力较小,说明间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠能够提高异收缩涤纶低弹丝的弹性,使其保持良好的弹性和尺寸稳定性;对比例2中缩聚反应时未添加促进剂,使得异收缩涤纶低弹丝的弹性和力学性能较差,说明促进剂能够提高异收缩涤纶低弹丝的强度;对比例3中促进剂中未添加氢氧化镁晶须,使得涤纶低弹丝的撕破强力和断裂强力较小,但弹性回复率和弹性拉伸率与实施例1相比无明显变化;对比例4中促进中未添加云母粉和蒙脱土,涤纶低弹丝的断裂强力和撕破强力与实施例1相比,明显变小,且弹性回复率和弹性拉伸率且变小,说明云母粉和蒙脱土能够提高涤纶低弹丝的强度和弹性;对比例5中没有对涤纶低弹丝进行后处理,对比例6中匀染剂中未添加二氧化硅、焦糖和水解聚马来酸酐,但对比例5和对比例6中的涤纶低弹丝的力学性能与实施例1相比为明显变化。
二、匀染度的测试:按照实施例1-7和对比例1-8中的方法制备异收缩涤纶低弹丝,并按照相同的方法进行染色,并按照以下检测方法,检测异收缩涤纶低弹丝的染色均匀度,:1、上染百分率的测定:使用紫外-可见分光光度计测定染料在最大吸收波长处的吸光度,并根据下式计算染料的上染百分率:E=(A0-A1)/A0×100%,式中:E为上染百分率;A0为空白染液吸光度;A1为染色溶液吸光度;
2、染色织物均匀性的表征:在染样上随机抽取10个不同的点,分别测试它们的K/S值,然后根据数学统计原理,分别计算出平均值、极差及相对标准偏差(Sr),用来表征染色织物的匀染性。极差、相对标准偏差越小,则匀染性越佳,相关公式如下:
式中:(k/s)i代表最大吸收波长处第i次测量的k/s值;代表第i个点的k/s值与平均值的标准偏差;Sr代表每个点的K/S值与平均值的标准偏差。
表5
由表5中数据可以看出,按照实施例1-7中方法制得的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的上染百分率高,能够达到91.6-92.8%,且染色均匀度标准偏差和极差均较小,说明按照实施例1-7中方法制得的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的染色均匀度高,染色均匀;对比例1中未添加间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,由数据可以看出,上染百分率小,仅为65.7%,且染色均匀度标准偏差和极差均较大,说明甲苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠能够提高异收缩涤纶低弹丝的匀染性,提高涤纶低弹丝的匀染效果;对比例2中因缩聚反应制备改性聚酯颗粒时未添加促进剂,对比例3促进剂中未添加氢氧化镁晶须,对比例4促进剂中未添加云母粉和蒙脱土,由数据可以看出,异收缩涤纶低弹丝的上染百分率和染色均匀度标准偏差和极差与实施例1相比变化不大,说明促进剂对异收缩涤纶低弹丝的染色均匀度无较大影响,对比例5因未对异收缩涤纶低弹丝进行后处理,由数据可以看出,上染百分率较低,且染色均匀度的标准偏差和极差较大,说明后处理能够提高异收缩涤纶低弹丝的染色均匀度;对比例6中因匀染剂中未添加二氧化硅、焦糖和水解聚马来酸酐,异收缩涤纶低弹丝的上染百分率仅为57.7%,且染色均匀度的标准偏差和极差均较大,染色不均匀,说明匀染剂中的二氧化硅、焦糖和水解聚马来酸酐能够提高异收缩涤纶低弹丝的染色均匀度。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (10)
1.一种异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、改性聚酯的制备:(1)向反应釜中加入10-15份对苯二甲酸和15-20份乙二醇,同时加入1-5份催化剂和1-5份稳定剂,搅拌混合,在260-280℃下反应3-5h;
(2)将0.5-1份2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇和1-5份2,2-二甲基-1,3丙二醇混合均匀,放入反应釜中,再加入1-6份步骤(1)所得产物和1-5份间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,进行酯化反应,得酯化产物;
(3)将酯化产物转入缩聚釜,升温至260-270℃,向缩聚釜中加入与酯化产物质量比为1:1.5-2的促进剂,反应40-50min后,进行缩聚反应,缩聚后,出料,切粒,干燥;
S2、改性聚酯母粒制备:将10-20份改性聚酯颗粒、1-5份分子量调节剂、1-10份抗氧剂和1-5份润滑剂进行熔融造粒,制成改性聚酯母粒;
S3、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制备:将10-15份改性聚酯母粒和1-5份羊毛粉体、1-10份聚酯PET切片由凸字形喷丝孔喷出,经过喷洗板下方的超短无风区,然后呈梯度分布的不均匀冷却固化方式,制得预取向丝,再经过低温加弹工艺制得异收缩涤纶低弹丝;
S4、异收缩涤纶低弹丝的后处理:将1-5份匀染剂溶解于20-100份水中,并加热至60-65℃,保温搅拌20-25min,制得匀染液,再将5-10份异收缩涤纶低弹丝至于温度为50-60℃,相对湿度在60-70%的环境中静置1-2h,将晕染液通过喷雾的方式喷洒在异收缩涤纶低弹丝上,喷完后至于80-85℃,相对湿度在45-50%的环境中静置0.5-1h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述匀染剂包括以下重量份的组分:10-20份聚乙二醇、1-10份亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠、0.5-1份焦糖、30-50份水、1-5份水解聚马来酸酐、5-10份乙氧基化羊毛酯、1-5份二氧化硅、5-10份十八烷基异氰酸酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述匀染剂由以下方法制备而成:将二氧化硅、水解聚马来酸酐、焦糖和水充分混合,制成60-80目的颗粒,研磨成纳米胶粉,将纳米胶粉加入反应器中,再向反应器中加入聚乙二醇、亚甲基双萘磺酸二钠,搅拌2-5min,直至完全溶解;将加热至60-80℃,加入乙氧基化羊毛酯、十八烷基异氰酸酯,混合均匀,即制得匀染剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述促进剂按照以下方法制备而成:将1-5份有机硅灰石纳米针状纤维、10-15份氢氧化镁晶须、1-5份聚乙二醇、5-10份1,4-丁二醇、5-10份对羟基苯甲酸、0.5-1份乙二醇锑、1-5份云母粉,5-10份蒙脱土、1-3份质子化磷酸混合,在60-70℃下密闭搅拌球磨机研磨1-2h后,在真空下脱水至含水量小于1%,控制温度为65-70℃,保温1-2h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中酯化反应在氮气氛围中加压,压力控制在常压-0.3MPa,温度为250-260℃,反应50-60min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中缩聚反应在真空状态下进行,且缩聚温度为280-290℃,缩聚时间为60-70min,绝对压力在100MPa以下。
7.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为三氧化二锑、乙二醇锑和醋酸锑中的一种或几种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯和亚磷酸三甲酯中的一种或几种的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯中一种或几种的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的异收缩涤纶低弹丝的制造方法,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168、EDTA中的一种或几种的混合物。
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