CN109535280A - 一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109535280A CN109535280A CN201811467964.1A CN201811467964A CN109535280A CN 109535280 A CN109535280 A CN 109535280A CN 201811467964 A CN201811467964 A CN 201811467964A CN 109535280 A CN109535280 A CN 109535280A
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- chitosan oligosaccharide
- ascorbic acid
- compound salt
- oligosaccharide compound
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- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐及其制备方法及应用。本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐是以壳寡糖按照1‑10%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：0.1‑5的比例混合，将混合溶液在15‑150℃下搅拌1‑5小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。本发明多数抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，按本方法得到的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐具有良好的水溶性和优良的生物活性，可广泛应用于食品及功能添加剂等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合盐及其制备方法和应用，特别是涉及一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐及其制备方法与其在食品功能添加剂领域的应用，属于食品添加剂技术领域。
背景技术
抗坏血酸又称维生素C，是一种含有6个碳原子的酸性多羟基化合物，分子式为C6H8O6，分子量为176.1。其结构类似葡萄糖，其分子中第2及第3位上两个相邻的烯醇式羟基极易解离而释出H+,故具有酸的性质，称抗坏血酸。抗坏血酸具有很强的还原性，很容易被氧化成脱氢抗坏血酸，但其反应是可逆的，并且抗坏血酸和脱氢抗坏血酸具有同样的生理功能,但脱氢抗坏血酸若继续氧化，生成二酮古乐糖酸，则反应不可逆而完全失去生理效能。
天然存在的抗坏血酸有L型和D型2种，后者无生物活性。维生素C是呈无色无臭的片状晶体，易溶于水，不溶于有机溶剂。在酸性环境中稳定，遇空气中氧、热、光、碱性物质，特别是由氧化酶及痕量铜、铁等金属离子存在时，可促进其氧化破坏。氧化酶一般在蔬菜中含量较多，故蔬菜储存过程中都有不同程度流失。但在某些果实中含有的生物类黄酮，能保护其稳定性。
壳寡糖是指2至10个氨基葡萄糖β-1，4-糖苷键连接而成的低聚壳聚糖，是由壳聚糖解聚而制成的。壳寡糖是以普通虾蟹壳或酵母菌体为原料，经脱钙、脱蛋白、脱色和脱乙酰基反应后，运用酶生物或化学解聚而得到的低分子量聚氨基葡萄糖。壳寡糖具有多种生理功能：激活免疫，增强吞噬细胞能力；改善胰岛素受体敏感性，明显减低空腹血糖；保护正常肝细胞的分泌、代谢和排泄功能，增强肝细胞的生物转换机能，直接抑制肝癌细胞及腹水肿瘤细胞的生长；提高有益脂蛋白数量，降低血脂；促进双歧杆菌的增殖，抑制肠道有害菌的生长等。因此壳寡糖被称为“生命的第六要素”，是目前世界上唯一带有游离氨基碱性基团的阳离子动物纤维物质，具有很强的络合吸附能力，它不仅能把体内有毒有害物质和重金属吸附排出体外，还能把体内多余的脂肪和胆固醇吸附排出体外， 是人体的“环保卫士”。壳寡糖还能改善人体酸性环境， 活化体内细胞，使许多疾病不药而愈，改善生命质量。由于壳寡糖能吸附人体内带负电荷的类脂类、脂肪、胆汁酸等，并能直接进入血液，作用于免疫细胞，因而具有明显的调节人体免疫功能，提高人体防病抗病能力的作用，尤其对中老年人多发的糖尿病、高血压以及因免疫力降低而引起的其他疾病具有较好的辅助治疗作用，对中老年人保健也有较好的功效。
目前，国内工业化制备壳寡糖的方法主要采用化学法、物理法、酶法降解等，所有的制备方法都需要将壳聚糖原料先溶解在醋酸、乳酸、柠檬酸等弱酸溶液或者是稀盐酸和稀硫酸中，然后进行降解，所得产物经过过滤分离后，进行喷雾干燥或者是冷冻干燥，产物主要是壳寡糖的弱酸盐，但是这些产品的货架寿命较短，在空气中和较高的气温中易变色，且产品具有刺鼻的酸涩味和苦味等，严重影响壳寡糖在食品中的应用，所以本发明将壳寡糖制成壳寡糖抗坏血酸盐，克服壳寡糖不稳定、色变以及口感难以接受的不足。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术中的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，以提高壳寡糖的稳定性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种上述抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种上述复合抗坏血酸壳寡糖盐在食品和功能性添加剂领域的应用。
本发明提供了一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其结构如下：
其中：n为2-20。
本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照1-10%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：0.1-5的比例混合，将混合溶液在15-150℃下搅拌1-5小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
作为优选，本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照3%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：1的比例混合，将混合溶液在25℃下搅拌2小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
作为优选，所选壳寡糖原料脱乙酰度大于90%、分子量为300-3000Da。
作为优选，所选壳寡糖原料为壳寡糖、壳寡糖盐酸盐、壳寡糖乳酸盐、壳寡糖醋酸盐、壳寡糖柠檬酸盐。
作为优选，所选用的抗坏血酸为L-抗坏血酸。
作为优选，所选醇为乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等的一种或多种混合物。
本发明所述的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐可广泛应用于食品和功能添加剂领域，具有抗疲劳，保肝，解毒，增强免疫力和减肥，降血压及降血脂等功效。
与现有技术比较，本发明的技术优势在于：
本发明将抗坏血酸和壳寡糖制成本发明所述的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，不仅中和了抗坏血酸的酸性，同时解决壳寡糖的溶解性问题，而且抗坏血酸和壳寡糖表现出很强的协同生理功能，所得的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐具有良好的水溶性、质量稳定性、口感以及优良的生物活性。
附图说明
图1为不同壳寡糖复合盐中壳寡糖含量随时间变化示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照3%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：1的比例混合，将混合溶液在25℃下搅拌2小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
实施例2
本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照5%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：1的比例混合，将混合溶液在50℃下搅拌2小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
实施例3
本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照3%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：2的比例混合，将混合溶液在100℃下搅拌2小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
实施例4
本发明提供的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照5%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：0.5的比例混合，将混合溶液在150℃下搅拌1小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
实施例5 壳寡糖抗坏血酸复合盐的热稳定性试验
（一）试验材料与方法
样品：壳寡糖抗坏血酸盐、壳寡糖盐酸盐、壳寡糖醋酸盐、壳寡糖乳酸盐、壳寡糖标品混合物（3-7糖）；
主要试验仪器：高效液相色谱仪（岛津LC-10AT）、色谱柱（YWG C18 10μm 250×46mm）、紫外可见分光光度计（TU-1901）、电子分析天平（SHINKO SH-210R）、台式酸度计（PHS-25CW-CN）等；
试验方法：把供试品置于密闭器皿中，分别置于温度50℃、湿度75%的环境中，在7天、14天、21天各取样测定一次供试样品的外观、重量、含量；
（二）项目检测方法
1、外观色泽用肉眼观察；
2、壳寡糖含量测定方法：
（1）试样的制备
称取壳寡糖试样50 mg（精确到0.1 mg）于水解管中，先加入0.5ml水，再加入3 mL浓盐酸，于100℃±5℃水解3h～4h，冷却，用旋转蒸发仪蒸发除酸（或用2 mol/L～5 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH 5～7），然后转移至50mL容量瓶中，加水稀释至刻度，摇匀，通过水系0.22μm滤膜过滤，弃初滤液约0.5mL，取滤液，进样；
（2）标准曲线的绘制
分别称取20 mg、40 mg、60 mg、80 mg、100mg氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐（精确到0.1 mg），按试样项方法处理，用水定容到刻度，得到氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐分别为0.4 mg/mL、0.8 mg/mL、1.2mg/mL、1.6 mg/mL、2.0 mg/mL、系列标准溶液。在参考色谱条件下进样，以色谱峰面积的对数值为纵坐标，标准物质浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线；
（3）试样的含量测定
在相同色谱条件下，将处理后的试样溶液注入液相色谱仪中，记录氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐色谱峰的保留时间和峰面积。用氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的峰面积的对数值来定量，根据标准曲线得到待测液中氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的浓度；
（4）结果计算
壳寡糖含量（以氨基葡萄糖计，以干基计）按公式(1)计算：
…………………………（1）
式中：
W2——壳寡糖的含量（质量分数，以氨基葡萄糖计），%；
c——由标准曲线查得的氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的浓度，单位为毫克每毫升(mg/mL)；
50——样品体积，单位为毫升（mL）；
m——试样的质量，单位为毫克(mg)；
w1——待测壳寡糖样品的含水量（质量分数），%；
（三）试验结果
表1 稳定性试验结果
由表1、图1.可以知道，在温度50℃、湿度75的条件下，各供试样品的颜色、和含量都有一定的变化，其中以壳寡糖抗坏血酸盐的稳定性最好，其他几组在7-14天基本都发生了严重的色变和变质。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其进行限制；尽管参照前述实施例对被发明进行了详细的说明，但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而对这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其特征罪域所述抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的结构如下：
其中：n为2-20；
所述抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照1-10%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：0.1-5的比例混合，将混合溶液在15-150℃下搅拌1-5小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其特征在于所述抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐的制备方法包括以下步骤：首先将壳寡糖按照3%的比例溶解于纯水中，根据壳寡糖的氨基总量与抗坏血酸按照1：1的比例混合，将混合溶液在25℃下搅拌2小时，将反应液通过活性炭进行脱色，然后在常温下搅拌下加入醇进行离心、沉降、洗涤，干燥得到抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，制备方法还可以得到不同分子量段级的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其特征在于所述壳寡糖原料脱乙酰度大于90%、分子量为300-3000Da。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其特征在于所述壳寡糖原料为壳寡糖、壳寡糖盐酸盐、壳寡糖乳酸盐、壳寡糖醋酸盐、壳寡糖柠檬酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其特征在于所述抗坏血酸为L-抗坏血酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐，其特征在于所述醇为乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇中的一种或多种混合物。
7.按权利要求1-6所述工艺制备的抗坏血酸壳寡糖复合盐在食品及功能性添加剂中的应用。
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| CN112933000A (zh) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-11 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | 一种抑菌型指甲油及其制备方法 |
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