CN112626147A - 一种壳寡糖盐的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种壳寡糖盐的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及海洋生物技术领域,具体讲是一种新型壳寡糖盐的制备方法。将壳聚糖溶解于酸中,而后采用微波辅助专一性壳聚糖酶酶解,进而降解壳聚糖获得不同盐型的壳寡糖。本发明采用微波辅助专一性壳聚糖酶酶解条件下,制备了壳寡糖柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、谷氨酸盐、乙酰水杨酸盐等多种壳聚糖盐类,促进高质高值壳寡糖的产品开发,扩大了壳寡糖的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及海洋生物技术领域,具体讲是一种新型壳寡糖盐的制备方法。
背景技术
面对人民群众日益增长的健康需求,《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》、《“健康山东2030”规划纲要》、《国民营养计划(2017-2030年)》等多项国家及地方政策相继出台,发展健康产业是提高经济发展质量和效益的现实选择,其中,健康食品产业2022年将达到7.4万亿元,到2030年有望突破16万亿元,功能食品4500亿元,海洋源功能食品是重要的增长点。
壳寡糖是壳聚糖降解后的衍生物,作为一类新的功能活性物质,在营养与保健、疾病诊断与防治、畜牧养殖、植物生长调节及抗病害等方面的应用具有极大的潜力。在国际上已经发展成为一个涉及医学、化学、工程等学科,应用于食品、医药、化妆品、农业各领域的重要产业,于2014年被国家卫计委批准为新资源食品。但是,目前,壳寡糖产品主要以盐酸盐与乙酸盐的形式存在,而氯离子与乙酸根离子不具备生物活性,主要起到壳寡糖成盐后稳定性提高的作用,如何改变这一现状,进一步挖掘壳寡糖的潜在价值是大家极为关注的问题。同时现阶段主要以制备壳聚糖盐为主,也就是在室温下将壳聚糖溶解于一定的酸溶液中,浓度一般为0.5%-1%,然后将其喷雾干燥制备得到壳聚糖盐,但有部分壳聚糖盐由于喷雾干燥后获得的单个粘性聚集颗粒而无法进行应用,如壳聚糖柠檬酸盐(I.Orienti,et al.International Journal of Pharmaceutics 238(2002)51–59;PraneetOpanasopit,et al.Pharmaceutical Development and Technology,12(2007)447–455),而新型的壳寡糖盐制备目前还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型壳寡糖盐的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用技术方案为:
一种壳寡糖盐的制备方法,将壳聚糖溶解于酸中,而后采用微波辅助专一性壳聚糖酶酶解,进而降解壳聚糖获得不同盐型的壳寡糖。
进一步的说,将壳聚糖溶解于不同酸溶液中,溶解均匀后加入壳聚糖酶,搅拌均匀后,在微波辅助条件下,根据不同的酸型,在45℃反应15-48h,反应后,超滤、浓缩后干燥得不同盐型的壳寡糖。
所述不同的酸为:柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、己二酸、丁二酸、乙酰水杨酸或谷氨酸。
所述不同酸溶液浓度为:柠檬酸≥5%,苹果酸≥3%,乳酸≥4%,酒石酸≥4%,己二酸≥2%,丁二酸≥3%,乙酰水杨酸≥5%,谷氨酸≥3%(重量体积比)。
所述壳聚糖酶与壳聚糖的重量比为1:5-10。通过不同的加酶量,可以得到不同分子量的壳寡糖盐。
所述微波辅助条件为:500-1000W,搅拌速度为50-200r/min。
所述壳寡糖盐为:壳寡糖柠檬酸盐、壳寡糖苹果酸盐、壳寡糖乳酸盐、壳寡糖酒石酸盐、壳寡糖己二酸盐、壳寡糖丁二酸盐、壳寡糖乙酰水杨酸盐或壳寡糖谷氨酸盐。
同时,按照上述制备过程,将酸替换为对羟基苯甲酸,对香豆酸、原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、香草酸、阿魏酸、丁香酸、芥子酸或没食子酸等,并按照一定的浓度与壳聚糖进行反应获得对应的壳寡糖盐。
本发明所具有的优点:
本发明使用微波反应工作站,利用壳聚糖弱碱性的氨基与酸分子中弱酸性的羧基,根据离子化复合功能基团技术,得到相应的壳聚糖盐,利用微波对反应的促进作用,采用微波辅助专一性壳聚糖酶降解相应的壳聚糖盐制备不同盐型的壳寡糖。该微波辅助专一性壳聚糖酶降解壳聚糖盐制备壳寡糖盐的方法,可以获得多种壳寡糖盐,该方法反应速度快,时间短,大大减少了酶的用量,得到的产物具有更好的聚合度分布。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例制备获得不同盐型的壳寡糖的结构图。
图2为本发明实施例制备获得不同盐型壳寡糖的电镜图。
图3为本发明实施例制备获得不同盐型壳寡糖的红外光谱图。
图4为本发明实施例制备获得不同盐型壳寡糖的核磁氢谱图。
图5为本发明实施例制备获得不同盐型壳寡糖的核磁碳谱图。
图6为本发明实施例制备获得不同分子量壳寡糖谷氨酸盐的分子量图。
图7为本发明实施例制备获得不同分子量壳寡糖谷氨酸盐的聚合度分布图。
图8为本发明实施例制备获得不同盐型壳寡糖的细胞毒性结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本发明作进一步说明,并且本发明的保护范围不仅局限于以下实施例。
本发明新型壳寡糖盐的制备方法,将壳聚糖加入到一定浓度的酸溶液中,溶解均匀后,加入一定量的壳聚糖酶,搅拌均匀后放入微波反应工作站中,然后在微波辅助下反应,控制反应温度和降解时间,所得产物为不同盐型的壳寡糖溶液,该溶液经超滤去除壳聚糖酶和多余的酸,然后浓缩,经冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥获得不同盐型的壳寡糖。
注:不同盐型的壳寡糖缩写为:1.COS(纯壳寡糖)2.COS·HCl(壳寡糖盐酸盐)3.COS·Ace(壳寡糖乙酸盐)4.COS·Lat(壳寡糖乳酸盐)5.COS·Cit(壳寡糖柠檬酸盐)6.COS·Mal(壳寡糖苹果酸盐)7.COS·Tar(壳寡糖酒石酸盐)8.COS·Sal(壳寡糖乙酰水杨酸盐)9.COS·Suc(壳寡糖丁二酸盐)10.COS·Adi(壳寡糖己二酸盐)11.COS·Glu(壳寡糖谷氨酸盐)
实施例1:
将5克分子量为1800KDa的壳聚糖溶解于100毫升5%的柠檬酸中,混合均匀后,加入1克壳聚糖酶,搅拌均匀后,放入到具有搅拌的微波反应工作站中,调节微波功率为500W。在微波辅助条件下,在45℃下反应24小时。反应结束后,采用超滤,超滤膜为截留分子量2500,去除壳聚糖酶,超滤膜为截留分子量360,去除多余的柠檬酸,收集样品液,浓缩后冷冻干燥,所得产品经红外光谱、核磁共振等技术检测(附图1-5),确定产品为壳寡糖柠檬酸盐。经细胞毒性实验发现,其没有细胞毒性(附图8)
实施例2:
将10克分子量为1800KDa壳聚糖溶解于100毫升6%的谷氨酸中,混合均匀后,加入不同量的壳聚糖酶(参见表1),搅拌均匀后,放入到具有搅拌的微波反应工作站中,调节微波功率为500W。在微波辅助条件下,在45℃下反应24小时。反应结束后,采用超滤,超滤膜为截留分子量2500,去除壳聚糖酶,超滤膜为截留分子量360,去除多余的谷氨酸,收集样品液,浓缩后冷冻干燥,所得产品经红外光谱、核磁共振等技术检测(附图1-5),确定产品为壳寡糖谷氨酸盐。经细胞毒性实验发现,其没有细胞毒性(附图8)。利用HPLC对分子量和聚合度进行检测,发现不同加酶量在反应24小时后所得分子量如下表1,分子量和聚合度的谱图如附图6-7:
表1:不同加酶量,微波辅助壳聚糖降解所得壳寡糖谷氨酸分子量
反应时间(小时) | 加酶量(克) | 分子量(Da) |
24 | 1 | 20471 |
24 | 1.5 | 1455 |
24 | 2 | 908 |
由实施例2可知,加酶量低,达不到壳寡糖聚合度2-20的要求,因此,最佳加酶量为壳聚糖酶与壳聚糖的比为1.5:10。
实施例3-10
将5克壳聚糖(分子量为1800KDa)溶解于100毫升不同浓度的酸中(表2),混合均匀后,加入1克壳聚糖酶,搅拌均匀后,放入到具有搅拌的微波反应工作站中,调节微波功率为500W。在微波辅助条件下,在45℃下反应24小时。反应结束后,采用超滤,超滤膜为截留分子量2500,去除壳聚糖酶,超滤膜为截留分子量360,去除多余的酸,收集样品液,浓缩后冷冻干燥,所得产品经红外光谱、核磁共振等技术检测(附图1-5),确定产品为壳寡糖相应的酸盐。经细胞毒性实验发现,其没有细胞毒性(附图8)
表2其他实施例中所用的酸及其浓度
序号 | 酸 | 是否溶解 | 酸浓度 |
实施例3 | 醋酸 | 是 | 2% |
实施例4 | 盐酸 | 是 | 2% |
实施例5 | 苹果酸 | 是 | 3% |
实施例6 | 酒石酸 | 是 | 4% |
实施例7 | 己二酸 | 是 | 2% |
实施例8 | 丁二酸 | 是 | 3% |
实施例9 | 乙酰水杨酸 | 是 | 5% |
实施例10 | 乳酸 | 是 | 4% |
实施例11:不同浓度的新型壳寡糖盐的细胞毒性评价
(1)试验材料及试剂:
①将不同盐型的壳寡糖首先用灭菌超纯水配制成50mg/mL,加药前用用RPMI1640完全培养基稀释为1000,400,200,100μg/mL(现用现配)
②0.5mg/mL的MTT溶液:噻唑蓝用超纯水配制为5mg/mL母液,避光保存,用前避光稀释10倍;
③Stopping buffer配制:10%(w/v)的十二烷基硫酸钠与0.01mol/L的盐酸配制200ml。
④RAW264.7细胞、RPMI1640、胎牛血清。
(2)试验方法:
①取处于对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞,调整细胞浓度1×106个/mL,96孔板每孔接种100μl。
②在5%的CO2培养箱中37度培养24h后,加入不同浓度的壳寡糖盐100μl,使其终浓度分别为50,100,200,500μg/mL,每个浓度设置3个复孔。LPS做阳性对照,终浓度为1μg/ml。
③将96孔板继续培养24h后,弃去旧的培养基,然后每孔加入100μL浓度为0.5mg/mL的MTT溶液。
④放入培养箱中培养4小时后,每孔加入100μLstopping buffer,继续培养18小时,取出用酶联免疫检测仪于550nm测OD值。
(3)试验结果
用RAW264.7细胞评价细胞毒性结果如附图8,附图8中四个图分别为浓度为50,100,200,500μg/mL时不同盐型壳寡糖的细胞毒性实验结果。结果表明,所有盐型的壳寡糖在浓度高达500μg/mL时也没有细胞毒性。
Claims (7)
1.一种壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:将壳聚糖溶解于酸中,而后采用微波辅助专一性壳聚糖酶酶解,进而降解壳聚糖获得不同盐型的壳寡糖。
2.按权利要求1所述的壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:将壳聚糖溶解于不同酸溶液中,溶解均匀后加入壳聚糖酶,搅拌均匀后,在微波辅助条件下,根据不同的酸型,在45℃反应15-48h,反应后,超滤、浓缩后干燥得不同盐型的壳寡糖。
3.按权利要求2所述的新型壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述不同的酸为:柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、己二酸、丁二酸、乙酰水杨酸或谷氨酸。
4.按权利要求3所述的新型壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述不同酸溶液浓度为:柠檬酸≥5%,苹果酸≥3%,乳酸≥4%,酒石酸≥4%,己二酸≥2%,丁二酸≥3%,乙酰水杨酸≥5%,谷氨酸≥3%(重量体积比)。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖酶与壳聚糖的重量比为1:5-10。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述微波辅助条件为:500-1000W,搅拌速度为50-200r/min。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的壳寡糖盐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述壳寡糖盐为:壳寡糖柠檬酸盐、壳寡糖苹果酸盐、壳寡糖乳酸盐、壳寡糖酒石酸盐、壳寡糖己二酸盐、壳寡糖丁二酸盐、壳寡糖乙酰水杨酸盐或壳寡糖谷氨酸盐。
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