CN109478546A - 功率半导体模块 - Google Patents

功率半导体模块 Download PDF

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CN109478546A
CN109478546A CN201780044201.3A CN201780044201A CN109478546A CN 109478546 A CN109478546 A CN 109478546A CN 201780044201 A CN201780044201 A CN 201780044201A CN 109478546 A CN109478546 A CN 109478546A
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semiconductor element
leadframe portion
closing line
coordination electrode
lead frame
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CN109478546B (zh
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高木佑辅
德山健
河野俊
志村隆弘
松下晃
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Hitachi Astemo Ltd
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Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提高接合至电性并联的多个半导体元件的接合线与引线框的接合强度。本发明中,第1接合线(324a)的一端及另一端连接到第1半导体元件(328)的控制电极(332)以及第1引线框部(326)或弯曲部(371),第2接合线(324b)的一端及另一端连接到第2半导体元件(329)的控制电极(333)以及第2引线框部(327)。第1引线框部(326)从弯曲部(371)朝与第1半导体元件(328)侧相反那一侧沿与第1半导体元件(328)重叠的方向延伸,第2引线框部(329)从弯曲部(371)朝第2半导体元件侧(329)沿与第2半导体元件(329)重叠的方向延伸。

Description

功率半导体模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种功率半导体模块。
背景技术
功率半导体模块例如配备有构成转换电路等的绝缘栅双极晶体管(以下记作IGBT)等功率半导体元件。功率半导体元件通过焊料等接合材料接合至金属板,以能够释放内部产生的热的方式加以安装。功率半导体元件的控制电极通过接合线连接至控制用引线框,从而连接至控制电路等外部装置。
功率半导体元件通过多个电性并联来谋求大功率化。
再者,为了将接合线结合至引线框,在将接合线压在引线框上的状态下施加高频振动,通过因施加至接合线的振动能量而在接合线与引线框之间产生的摩擦热来进行结合。
将多个功率半导体元件电性并联的控制用引线框例如具有如下结构:具有分支引线框部,所述分支引线框部从1根引线主体沿与该引线主体呈直角的方向延伸。并且,引线主体及分支引线框部分别通过接合线结合至各功率半导体元件(例如参考专利文献1的图9)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开2011-216755号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在专利文献1的结构中,为了将接合线结合至引线框的分支引线框部,在分支引线框部的顶端侧配置接合线的端部。继而,使该接合线的端部沿与配置功率半导体元件的方向、换句话说就是分支引线框部延伸的方向呈直角的方向振动。所谓与分支引线框部延伸的方向呈直角的方向,是指与分支引线框部的长度方向呈直角的方向。然而,该方向的分支引线框部的刚性较小,因此,容易与结合时施加的高频振动一起发生振动。因此,无法对接合线和分支引线框部施加较大的振动能量,从而无法在接合线与分支引线框部的接合中获得充分的接合强度。
解决问题的技术手段
在本发明的一形态中,功率半导体模块具备:第1半导体元件;第2半导体元件,其与所述第1半导体元件电性并联;以及控制用引线框,其经由第1接合线连接至所述第1半导体元件的控制电极,经由第2接合线连接至所述第2半导体元件的控制电极,所述控制用引线框具有第1引线框部、弯曲部、以及经由该弯曲部连接至所述第1引线框部的第2引线框部,所述第1接合线的一端连接至所述第1半导体元件的所述控制电极,所述第1接合线的另一端连接至所述第1引线框部或所述弯曲部,所述第2接合线的一端连接至所述第2半导体元件的所述控制电极,所述第2接合线的另一端连接至所述第2引线框部,所述第1引线框部从所述弯曲部朝与所述第1半导体元件侧相反那一侧沿与所述第1半导体元件重叠的方向延伸,所述第2引线框部从所述弯曲部朝所述第2半导体元件侧沿与所述第2半导体元件重叠的方向延伸。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够谋求接合线与引线框的接合强度的提高。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的功率半导体模块中内置的电路的一例的示意图。
图2为表示本发明的功率半导体模块的一实施方式的立体图。
图3为图2所示的功率半导体模块的分解立体图。
图4为图2所示的区域IV的放大图。
具体实施方式
下面,参考附图,对本发明的功率半导体模块的一实施方式进行说明。
内置转换电路等电力转换电路的功率半导体模块搭载于电动汽车、混合动力汽车(HEV)、插电式混合动力汽车(PHV)等车辆中。可以将内置转换电路的功率半导体模块并联而构成三相转换器。将转换电路连接至电池而使电动发电机作为马达进行工作。此外,可以利用发动机的动力使电动发电机工作而经由转换电路对电池充电。
下面,将内置转换电路的功率半导体模块作为一实施方式进行说明。
图1为表示本发明的功率半导体模块中内置的电路的一例的示意图。
如上所述,功率半导体模块300中内置有对直流电与交流电进行相互转换的转换电路。功率半导体模块300具备构成转换电路的上臂的第1电路体300U和构成下臂的第2电路体300L。功率半导体模块300具备输入输出交流电的交流端子159。交流端子159对电动发电机输入输出由U相、V相、W相构成的三相中的某一相的交流电。
此外,功率半导体模块300具备直流正极端子157和直流负极端子158。直流正极端子157和直流负极端子158分别连接至未图示的电池及电容器而输入输出直流电。进一步地,功率半导体模块300具备作为将供给的直流电转换为交流电的开关元件的功率半导体元件。
功率半导体模块300具备接收来自未图示的驱动电路的控制信号的控制用引线框325。功率半导体元件从控制用引线框325接收控制信号而进行导通或切断动作,将供给的直流电转换为交流电。
功率半导体元件包含第1半导体元件328、330、第2半导体元件329、331、第3半导体元件166、168、第4半导体元件167、169。第1半导体元件328、330、第2半导体元件329、331例如为IGBT(绝缘栅双极晶体管)。也可使用MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)代替IGBT。
第3半导体元件166、168以及第4半导体元件167、169例如为二极管。
第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329、第3半导体元件166及第4半导体元件167连接至第1导体部342U及第2导体部341U。详细而言,第1半导体元件328及第2半导体元件329的集电极还有第3半导体元件166及第4半导体元件167的阴极连接至第1导体部342U。第1半导体元件328及第2半导体元件329的发射极还有第3半导体元件166及第4半导体元件167的阳极连接至第2导体部341U。
第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329、第3半导体元件166及第4半导体元件167构成转换电路的第1电路体300U。
同样地,第1半导体元件330、第2半导体元件331、第3半导体元件168及第4半导体元件169连接至第3导体部342L和第4导体部341L。详细而言,第1半导体元件330及第2半导体元件331的集电极还有第3半导体元件168及第4半导体元件169的阴极连接至第3导体部342L。第1半导体元件330及第2半导体元件331的发射极还有第3半导体元件168及第4半导体元件169的阳极连接至第4导体部341L。
第1半导体元件330、第2半导体元件331、第3半导体元件168及第4半导体元件169构成转换电路的第2电路体300L。
第1导体部342U连接至直流正极端子157,第2导体部341U连接至中间连接部310。
第4导体部341L连接至直流负极端子158,第3导体部342L连接至中间连接部310。第2导体部341U和第3导体部342L连接至中间连接部310。中间连接部310连接至交流端子159。
图2为表示本发明的功率半导体模块的一实施方式的立体图,图3为图2所示的功率半导体模块的分解立体图。
图1中记载的各构件名及其参考编号在图2、图3中也设为同一构件名和参考编号。
构成功率半导体模块300的第1电路体300U和第2电路体300L相邻配置。第1电路体300U具有在相对配置的第1导体部342U与第2导体部341U之间夹有第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329以及第3半导体元件166、第4半导体元件167的结构,形成为大致薄板状的长方体形状。第1半导体元件328和第2半导体元件329分别为板状的半导体基板,相互隔开而相邻配置。此外,第3半导体元件166和第4半导体元件167分别为板状的半导体基板,相互隔开而相邻配置。
同样地,第2电路体300L具有在相对配置的第3导体部342L与第4导体部341L之间夹有第1半导体元件330、第2半导体元件331以及第3半导体元件168、第4半导体元件169的结构,形成为大致薄板状的长方体形状。第2电路体300L的第1半导体元件330和第2半导体元件331与第1电路体300U的第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329一样,分别为板状的半导体基板构件,相互隔开而相邻配置。此外,第2电路体的第3半导体元件168和第4半导体元件169与第1电路体的第3半导体元件166、第4半导体元件167一样,分别为板状的半导体基板构件,相互隔开而相邻配置。
第1电路体300U和第2电路体300L中,第1导体部342U与第3导体部342L配置在同一平面上,第2导体部341U与第4导体部341L配置在同一平面上。如图2所示,多个控制用引线框325经由第1接合线324a或第2接合线324b分别连接到第1电路体300U的第1半导体元件328及第2半导体元件329。同样地,多个控制用引线框325经由第1接合线324a或第2接合线324b分别连接到第2电路体300L的第1半导体元件330及第2半导体元件331。
在第1导体部342U上通过钣金加工等一体成型有直流正极端子157。
在第1导体部342U与第3导体部342L的交界部的上方配置有板状的直流负极端子158。在第4导体部341L上通过钣金加工等一体成型有直流负极连接部158a。直流负极连接部158a延伸到与直流负极端子158相对的位置,通过焊料等接合材料362(参考图3)接合在直流负极端子158上。直流电源等未图示的外部装置连接至直流正极端子157及直流负极端子158而供电。
在第3导体部342L上通过钣金加工等一体成型有交流端子159。交流端子159是连接至电动机、电动/发电机等外部装置的交流的输入输出部。
在第2导体部341U上通过钣金加工等一体成型有中间连接部310。中间连接部310延伸至第2电路体300L侧,通过焊料等接合材料361(参考图3)接合在第3导体部342L的内表面。
第1半导体元件328及第2半导体元件329分别具有形成于一面的多个控制电极332、333。第1半导体元件328及第2半导体元件329的一面侧分别以露出控制电极332、333的状态通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第2导体部341U。第1半导体元件328及第2半导体元件329另一面侧分别通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第1导体部342U。在第3半导体元件166、第4半导体元件167的一面侧设置有阳极,该阳极分别通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第2导体部341U。在第3半导体元件166、第4半导体元件167的另一面侧设置有阴极,该阴极分别通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第1导体部342U。
同样地,第1半导体元件330及第2半导体元件331分别在一面具有多个控制电极332、333。第1半导体元件330及第2半导体元件331的一面侧分别以露出控制电极端子332、333的状态通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第4导体部341L。第1半导体元件330及第2半导体元件331的另一面侧分别通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第3导体部342L。在第3半导体元件168、第4半导体元件169的一面侧设置有阳极,该阳极分别通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第4导体部341L。在第3半导体元件168、第4半导体元件169的另一面侧设置有阴极,该阴极分别通过焊料等接合材料360接合至第3导体部342L。
第1电路体300U和第2电路体300L像上述那样进行安装,构成了图1所示的转换电路。
图4为图2所示的区域IV的放大图。
如上所述,多个控制用引线框325经由第1接合线324a、第2接合线324b连接到第1电路体300U的第1半导体元件330、第2半导体元件331。此外,多个控制用引线框325经由第1接合线324a、第2接合线324b连接到第2电路体300L的第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329。下面,对控制用引线框325与第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329的连接结构(上臂连接结构)以及控制用引线框325与第1半导体元件330、第2半导体元件331的连接结构(下臂连接结构)进行说明。
但由于上臂连接结构与下臂连接结构大致相同,因此,以下是对上臂连接结构进行说明。
控制用引线框325是通过钣金加工等而形成,具有第1引线框部326、第2引线框部327及弯曲部371。
第2引线框部327在弯曲部371相对于第1引线框部326而以小于90度的弯曲角θ弯曲。
第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329分别具有多个控制电极332、333。控制电极332、333包含栅电极、开尔文发射极、温度传感器用电极等。从开尔文发射极将栅极信号的基准电位送出至未图示的驱动电路。温度传感器用电极连接到形成于第1半导体元件328或第2半导体元件329内的温度传感器(未图示),从温度传感器用电极将第1半导体元件328或第2半导体元件329的温度送出至未图示的控制电路。
再者,在第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329的一面,在除控制电极332、333以外的大致整个区域形成有发射极,在第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329的另一面侧的大致整面形成有集电极。
在本一实施方式中,第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329的控制电极332、333分别为3个,控制用引线框325也配置有3个。各控制用引线框325的第1引线框部326以与控制电极332、333的排列方向大致垂直的方式配置。第1引线框部326、第2引线框部327的宽度(左右方向的长度)与控制电极332、333的宽度大致相同。但若是在第1引线框部326之间或者第2引线框部327之间设置规定的间隙,则第1引线框部326、第2引线框部327的宽度可小于也可大于控制电极332、333的宽度。此外,第1引线框部326的宽度与第2引线框部327的宽度也可不同,进一步地,第1引线框部326彼此或者第2引线框部327彼此的宽度也可不同。
第1引线框部326从弯曲部371朝与第1半导体元件328相反那一侧延伸,第2引线框部327从弯曲部371朝第1半导体元件328侧延伸。
各第1引线框部326的宽度方向的中心线穿过对应的控制电极332的宽度方向的中心。各第2引线框部327的宽度方向的中心线穿过对应的控制电极333的宽度方向的中心。由于第2引线框部327相对于第1引线框326而弯曲,因此,第2引线框部327在控制电极333的排列方向上的间隔不同于控制电极333的间隔。因而,各控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327相对于第1引线框部326的弯曲角θ并不相同。但也可调整第2引线框部327的宽度及/或间隔而以第2引线框部327相对于第1引线框部326的弯曲角θ相等的方式、换句话说就是以第2引线框部327相互平行的方式进行排列。
对各控制电极332、333的表面实施有镀Ni或镀Au等适于结合的金属镀敷。各控制用引线框325的第1引线框部326与控制电极332通过第1接合线324a连接。也就是说,第1接合线324a的一端结合在控制电极332上,第1接合线324a的另一端结合在第1引线框部326。第1接合线324a的另一端与第1引线框部326的接合部也可为弯曲部371。
此外,各控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327与控制电极333通过第2接合线324b连接。第1接合线324a与第2接合线324b的直径及长度大致相同。
在路径中具有通过接合线连接的部分的多个信号传递路径并联在一起的电路中,若各信号传递路径的阻抗存在差异,则半导体元件之间信号会发生共振而导致误动作。接合线的截面积比引线框的截面积小,因此,接合线的阻抗在信号传递路径中的整个阻抗中所占的比例较大(通常达到100~1000倍)。因此,通过使各信号传递路径中使用的接合线的直径及长度相同来使各半导体元件的信号线的阻抗变为相同程度,从而抑制半导体元件的共振、振荡等。因此,优选使所有第1接合线324a及所有第2接合线324b的直径及长度相等。
如上所述,3个控制用引线框325的弯曲部371的弯曲角θ是不一样的。参考图4,越是靠与弯曲方向相反的方向、换句话说就是越是外周侧,3个控制用引线框325的弯曲部371的位置与第1半导体元件328的距离便越小。若各控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327的长度大致相同,则越是靠弯曲方向侧、换句话说就是越是内周侧的控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327,其顶端的位置离第2半导体元件329的控制电极333便越远。因而,具有同一长度的第2接合线324b的另一端结合至第2引线框部327的接合部距第2引线框部327的顶端的位置各不相同。各控制用引线框325的弯曲角θ以及第2引线框部327的长度须设定为具有与第1接合线324a大致相同的长度的第2接合线324b的另一端能够结合至各控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327。
为了将第1接合线324a的端部结合至控制用引线框325的第1引线框部326,在将第1接合线324a的端部压在第1引线框部326上的状态下,沿第1引线框部326的延伸方向即长度方向对第1接合线324a的端部施加高频振动。施加至第1接合线324a的端部的振动能量使得第1接合线324a的端部与第1引线框部326之间产生摩擦热,第1接合线324a的端部得以结合至第1引线框部326。第1半导体元件328的控制电极332配置在第1引线框部326的长度方向的延长线上。第1引线框部326的长度方向的刚性比与它交叉的方向的刚性大。因此,能对第1接合线324a的端部施加充分的振动能量,从而能在第1接合线324a与第1引线框部326之间获得充分的接合强度。
同样地,为了将第2接合线324b的端部结合至控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327,在将第2接合线324b的端部压在第2引线框部327上的状态下沿第2引线框部327的延伸方向即长度方向对第2接合线324b的端部施加高频振动。施加至第2接合线324b的振动能量使得第2接合线324b与第2引线框部327之间产生摩擦热,第2接合线324b的端部得以结合至第2引线框部327。第2半导体元件329的控制电极333配置在第2引线框部327的长度方向的延长线上。第2引线框部327的长度方向的刚性比与它交叉的方向的刚性大。因此,能对第2接合线324b的端部施加充分的振动能量,从而能在第2接合线324b与第2引线框部327之间获得充分的接合强度。
以往为如下结构:使第2引线框部327相对于第1引线框部326呈大致直角弯曲,第2半导体元件329的控制电极333沿与第2引线框部327的长度方向正交的方向配置。因此,第2接合线324b的端部沿与第2引线框部327的长度方向正交的方向振动。与第2引线框部327的长度方向正交的方向即宽度方向的第2引线框部327的刚性较小,容易与结合时施加的高频振动一起发生振动。因此,在结合时,无法对第2接合线324b的端部和第2引线框部327施加较大的振动能量,从而无法获得充分的接合强度。
如图2所示,多个控制用引线框325经由第1接合线324a、第2接合线324b连接到构成下臂连接结构的第2电路体300L的第1半导体元件330、第2半导体元件331。连接至该第2电路体300L的控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327向与连接至构成上臂连接结构的第1电路体300U的控制用引线框325的第2引线框部327相反的方向弯曲。也就是说,相对于第1电路体300U与第2电路体300L的交界线而言呈对称形状。但在连接至第2电路体300L的控制用引线框325中,第1引线框部326的宽度方向的中心线也穿过对应的控制电极332的宽度方向的中心。此外,各第2引线框部327的宽度方向的中心线也穿过对应的控制电极333的宽度方向的中心。因而,在下臂连接结构中,也能获得与上臂连接结构同样的效果。
根据本发明的一实施方式,能够获得下述作用效果。
(1)功率半导体模块300具备控制用引线框325,所述控制用引线框325经由第1接合线324a连接至第1半导体元件328的控制电极332,经由第2接合线324b与第2半导体元件329的控制电极333连接。控制用引线框325具有第1引线框部326、弯曲部371、以及经由该弯曲部371连接至第1引线框部326的第2引线框部327。第1接合线324a的一端连接到第1半导体元件328的控制电极332,第1接合线324a的另一端连接到第1引线框部326或弯曲部371。第1引线框部326的宽度方向的中心线沿与第1半导体元件328的控制电极332重叠的方向延伸,第2引线框部327的宽度方向的中心线沿与第2半导体元件329的控制电极333重叠的方向延伸。因此,在将第1接合线部324a、第2接合线部324b与第1引线框部326、第2引线框部327结合时,第1接合线32a、第2接合线324b的端部的振动方向变为第1引线框部326、第2引线框部327的刚性较大的方向。由此,在结合时,能够施加较大的振动能量,从而能够增大接合强度。
(2)弯曲部371的角度和第2引线框部327的长度设定为能使连接第1半导体元件328的控制电极332和第1引线框部326或弯曲部371的第1接合线324a的长度与连接第2半导体元件329的控制电极333和第2引线框部327的第2接合线324b的长度相等。因此,能使第1接合线324a与第2接合线324b的阻抗相等,从而能够抑制并联在一起的第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329之间的共振、振荡等。
再者,在上述一实施方式中,是利用各第1引线框部326的宽度方向的中心线穿过对应的控制电极332的宽度方向的中心、此外各第2引线框部327的宽度方向的中心线穿过对应的控制电极333的宽度方向的中心的结构来进行的例示。但即使第1引线框部326的宽度方向的中心线与控制电极332的宽度方向的中心不一致,只要是第1引线框部326的延长线与控制电极332重叠的程度也是可以的。同样地,即使第2引线框部327的宽度方向的中心线与控制电极333的宽度方向的中心不一致,只要是第2引线框部327的延长线与控制电极332重叠的程度也是可以的。
进一步地,第1引线框部326并非必须沿与第1半导体元件328的控制电极332重叠的方向延伸,只要从弯曲部371朝与第1半导体元件328侧相反那一侧沿与第1半导体元件328重叠的方向延伸即可。同样地,第2引线框部327并非必须沿与第1半导体元件328的控制电极332重叠的方向延伸,只要从弯曲部371朝第2半导体元件329侧沿与第2半导体元件329重叠的方向延伸即可。
在上述各实施方式中,利用具备连接至第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329的多个控制电极332、333的多个控制用引线框325的功率半导体模块300来进行了例示。但本发明在连接至第1半导体元件328、第2半导体元件329的控制电极332、333的控制用引线框325为1个的情况下也能加以运用。
具备上述控制用引线框325的功率半导体模块300只是举出一例来进行了例示,本发明并不限定于这些内容。在本发明的技术思想的范围内思索的其他形态也包含在本发明的范围内。
符号说明
300功率半导体模块
324a第1接合线
324b第2接合线
325控制用引线框
326第1引线框部
327第2引线框部
328、330第1半导体元件
329、331第2半导体元件
332、333控制电极
371弯曲部
θ弯曲角。

Claims (5)

1.一种功率半导体模块,其特征在于,具备:
第1半导体元件;
第2半导体元件,与所述第1半导体元件电性并联;以及
控制用引线框,经由第1接合线连接至所述第1半导体元件的控制电极,经由第2接合线连接至所述第2半导体元件的控制电极;并且,
所述控制用引线框具有第1引线框部、弯曲部、以及经由该弯曲部连接至所述第1引线框部的第2引线框部,
所述第1接合线的一端连接至所述第1半导体元件的所述控制电极,所述第1接合线的另一端连接至所述第1引线框部或所述弯曲部,
所述第2接合线的一端连接至所述第2半导体元件的所述控制电极,所述第2接合线的另一端连接至所述第2引线框部,
所述第1引线框部从所述弯曲部朝与所述第1半导体元件侧相反那一侧沿与所述第1半导体元件重叠的方向延伸,
所述第2引线框部从所述弯曲部朝所述第2半导体元件侧沿与所述第2半导体元件重叠的方向延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功率半导体模块,其特征在于,
所述第1引线框部沿与所述第1半导体元件的所述控制电极重叠的方向延伸,
所述第2引线框部沿与所述第2半导体元件的所述控制电极重叠的方向延伸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的功率半导体模块,其特征在于,
具有多个所述控制用引线框,并且,
所述第1半导体元件及所述第2半导体元件分别具有连接至所述各控制用引线框的多个所述控制电极,
连接所述各控制用引线框的所述第1引线框部或所述弯曲部与所述第1半导体元件的所述控制电极的多个所述第1接合线的长度、以及连接所述各控制用引线框的所述第2引线框部与所述第2半导体元件的所述控制电极的多个所述第2接合线的长度全部相同。
4.根据权利要求3所述的功率半导体模块,其特征在于,
所述各控制用引线框的所述弯曲部的角度和所述第2引线框部的长度分别设定为:能使连接所述第1半导体元件的所述控制电极与第1引线框部或所述弯曲部的所述第1接合线的长度与连接所述第2半导体元件的所述控制电极与所述第2引线框部的所述第2接合线的长度相等。
5.根据权利要求4所述的功率半导体模块,其特征在于,
所述各控制用引线框的所述弯曲部的角度以所述第2引线框部沿与所述第2半导体元件的所述控制电极重叠的方向延伸的方式互不相同。
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