CN109362461A - A kind of method that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees - Google Patents
A kind of method that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN109362461A CN109362461A CN201811374684.6A CN201811374684A CN109362461A CN 109362461 A CN109362461 A CN 109362461A CN 201811374684 A CN201811374684 A CN 201811374684A CN 109362461 A CN109362461 A CN 109362461A
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- fertilizer
- root device
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees, and belong to economic plants planting technology field.The method to raise fruit trees, comprising the following steps: cook up plantation row on ground in facility in 3~April of solar calendar, ground cloth is laid on plantation row；Control root device is placed on ground cloth, loads matrix into control root device；Fruit tree seedling is colonized in the matrix of the control root device, watering；Fruit tree seedling after field planting is subjected to Cultivate administration.It controls root device to be conducive to increase the permeable breathable of soil, while is limited in the growth of fruit tree root system in control root device, concentrate the nutriment in absorption base convenient for root system, while increasing mechanically operated convenience, save cost of labor.Implantation methods provided by the invention are conducive to control the growth of tree body, reduce the ratio of the branch of excessive growth, substantially increase yield and fruit quality.Test proves: comparing compared with conventional method, plants the output increased of third year peach 57.2%~79.6%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to economic plants planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of side that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees
Method.
Background technique
Fruit tree is the Important Economic crop of China, can provide fruits and seeds that can be edible, but fruit tree is because tree-like huge
Greatly, usually big Tanaka plant, there are many drawbacks for field planting fruit tree, for example, bloom when bearing fruit because uncontrollable environment because
Plain (including cryogenic temperature, high humility or rainy weather etc.) causes yield and fruit quality to reduce, and largely effects on the warp of farmer
Ji income.
Raising fruit trees in facility is the selection of more and more orchard workers, because its environment is relatively stable, is bloomed seat to fruit tree is improved
Fruit rate and fruit quality have larger help.But raised fruit trees in facility there is also some problems, for example, facilities environment is because of tool
There is the features such as temperature is high, illumination is weak, humidity is big, often result in fruit tree overgrowing, tree body is strongly fragrant to keep away, and pruning workload increases, fruit product
Matter and yield decline.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, meeting facility kind the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method to raise fruit trees using control root device
Regulation Growth status amount is planted, while improving the requirement of yield and fruit quality.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of methods that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees, comprising the following steps:
1) plantation row is cooked up on ground in facility 3~April of solar calendar, ground cloth is laid on plantation row；Every two kind
Planting the line-spacing between row is 3.5~4.5m；
2) control root device is placed on described ground cloth, loads matrix into the control root device；
Along the plantation line direction, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~3m；
The matrix includes the component of following volumes percentage composition: loose squama 10%~20%, 20%~30% and of organic fertilizer
Field soil 50%~80%；
3) fruit tree seedling is colonized in the matrix of the control root device, watering；
4) the fruit tree seedling after watering is subjected to Cultivate administration.
Preferably, the target of fruit tree seedling described in step 3) it is tree-like include trunk type, two major branch planes, positive Y type or
Three skeleton planes types.
Preferably, the spacing of the every two control root device and the target of the fruit tree seedling are tree-like related:
When it is main dry type that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~2m；
When it is two major branch planes that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~
2.5m；
When the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like be positive Y type when, the spacing of every two control root device is 2~2.5m；
When it is three skeleton planes types that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is 2.5~3m.
Preferably, 1~1.5m of diameter of the planting device, the height of the planting device are 0.3~0.5m.
Preferably, the final height of the fruit tree seedling is 3~3.5m.
Preferably, the facility includes greenhouse；The greenhouse is risen as 6~7m；The greenhouse
Shoulder height is 4~5m.
Preferably, the Cultivate administration phase includes fertilizer and water management and sprays paclobutrazol.
Preferably, the fertilizer and water management be included in the field planting of fruit tree seedling survive rear young sprout it is long to 20~30cm when additional fertilizer
Material；
The fertilizer is nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer；
The Water soluble fertilizer includes nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer, general fertilizer and potassium Water soluble fertilizer；
Be colonized the fruit tree that survives when young sprout it is long to 20cm when to July use nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer；The dose of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer
It is 5~6 pounds/acre, extension rate is 600~1200 times；The Effects of Fertilization Frequency of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is that the fertilising of per two weeks is primary；Institute
The mass percentage for stating total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium in nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is followed successively by 30%, 10% and 10%；
Fruit tree begins to use general fertilizer in Xie Huahou；The dose of the general fertilizer is 5~6 pounds/acre；In the general fertilizer
The mass percentage of total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium is followed successively by 20%, 20% and 20%；
1 month fruit tree starts to apply potassium Water soluble fertilizer before fructescence；The extension rate of the potassium Water soluble fertilizer be 600~
1200 times, the mass percentage of total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium is followed successively by 15%, 10% in the potassium Water soluble fertilizer
With 30%.
In the present invention, the liquid organic fertilizer includes earthworm fertilizer or potassium fulvate；When the application of the liquid organic fertilizer
Between be solar calendar September~November；The working concentration of the liquid organic fertilizer is that 400~600 times are diluted on the basis of former fertilizer.
Preferably, the number that sprays of paclobutrazol is 1~2 time；The working concentration of paclobutrazol be dilution 150 on the basis of raw medicine~
200 times.
Preferably, annual September part raises described ground cloth, ploughs and shines soil, then re-lays ground in 3~April of next year
Cloth.
The present invention provides a kind of methods that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees, and fruit tree seedling is colonized in the control root device
In, control root device is conducive to increase the permeable breathable of soil, while is limited in the growth of fruit tree root system in control root device, is convenient for root system
The nutriment in absorption base is concentrated, forms early yield in early days conducive to the fast-growth of treelet, the later period avoids nutriment
It is lost in soil, causes the waste of fertilizer；Simultaneously containing loose squama in matrix, be conducive to the gas permeability for increasing soil, be root system
Growth and absorb sufficient oxygen be provided；It is laid with ground cloth on plantation row ground, is conducive to the growth for controlling root system, prevents root
System pierces in the soil on ground, on the other hand prevents weed growth, avoids weeding from increasing recruitment cost and avoids weeds and fruit tree
It strives fertilizer and promotes fruit tree growth；The present invention controls the line-spacing of plantation row and the spacing of fruit tree, reduces blocking for fruit tree, increases
Light utilization efficiency makes single plant fruit tree sufficiently obtain illumination.With traditional cultivation method ratio, implantation methods provided by the invention are conducive to control
The growth of tree body processed reduces the ratio of the branch of excessive growth, substantially increases yield and fruit quality.Test proves: by different cultivars
Peach is planted using method provided by the invention, the 4th year, 1053~1743kg of per mu yield, 159~205g of single fruit weight after field planting,
14~21kg of per plant weight.It is compared compared with general planting method, using method provided by the invention to the peach of different cultivars
Planted, third year fruit yield improve 57.22%~79.6%.
Meanwhile the line-spacing of method provided by the invention plantation row is mechanization production management (beta pruning, pluck fruit or fertilising etc.)
It provides convenience channel, substantially reduces cost of labor, it is time saving and energy saving.
Further, tree-like, planting device specification selection and the management of clay fertilizer water of the present invention to the fruit tree seedling
It further limits, precisely defines the relationship in the stage single plant fruit tree of growth and result to planting device and dose, into
One step improves the yield and quality of fruit tree.
Meanwhile method provided by the invention, the type of additional fertilizer is further defined, fertilizer can be improved using Water soluble fertilizer
Material utilizes interest rate, and traditional fertilizer utilization rate is low, is easy to be lost pollution environment.Using modern biotechnology and physics Control Technology, change
Medicine green of learning to farm substitute products, it is new and effective spray equipment, improve pesticide utilization rate, reduce pesticide residue, the fruit of production is more
It is safe and healthy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is laid with ground cloth and places the scene photo of control root device；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention uses digging machine filling matrix figure；
Fig. 3 is the scene photo of growing state after present invention field planting treelet；
Fig. 4 is present invention field planting second year fruit tree sapling up-growth situation；
Fig. 5 is that fruit tree blooms figure when the present invention is planted using control root device；
Fig. 6 is that present invention control root device plants result figure；
Fig. 7 is the scene photo in comparative example 1 in 8m canopy general planting peach；
Fig. 8 is to connect a scene photo for canopy general planting peach in comparative example 2；
Fig. 9 is to connect the happy type scene photo of a canopy in comparative example 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of methods that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees, comprising the following steps:
1) plantation row is cooked up on ground in facility 3~April of solar calendar, ground cloth is laid on plantation row；Every two kind
Planting the line-spacing between row is 3.5~4.5m；
2) control root device is placed on described ground cloth, loads matrix into the control root device；
Along the plantation line direction, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~3m；
The matrix includes the component of following volumes percentage composition: loose squama 10%~20%, 20%~30% and of organic fertilizer
Field soil 50%~80%；
3) fruit tree seedling is colonized in the matrix of the control root device, watering；
4) the fruit tree seedling after watering is subjected to Cultivate administration.
3~April of solar calendar, the present invention cook up plantation row in facility on ground, ground cloth is laid on plantation row；Every two
Spacing between a plantation row is 3.5~4.5m.
In the present invention, the facility includes greenhouse.The greenhouse rises preferably 6~7m；The temperature
The shoulder height of room greenhouse preferably 4~5m.The present invention does not limit the width of the greenhouse, using greenhouse known in the art
The width of greenhouse.
The ground preferably carries out smooth before planning.The present invention is not particularly limited the smooth method, uses
Smooth scheme known in the art.The width of the plantation row is preferably 1.8~2.2m, more preferably 2m.Every two
Line-spacing between plantation row is preferably 4.0m.The width of described ground cloth and the width of plantation row are preferably consistent.The kind of described ground cloth
Class is preferably black except meadow cloth.In the present invention, the black is not particularly limited except the source of meadow cloth, using this field institute
Well known black removes meadow cloth.In the present invention, the black is except meadow cloth selection peasants who dig gold's board.The effect of described ground cloth is
The growth for controlling root system to a certain extent, there are also be exactly the growth for inhibiting control root device Weeds Around.
After being laid with ground cloth, the present invention places control root device on described ground cloth, loads matrix into the control root device；Described in
Line direction is planted, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~3m；The matrix includes the component of following volumes percentage composition: pine
Squama 10%~20%, organic fertilizer 20%~30% and field soil 50%~80%.
In the present invention, the diameter of the control root device is preferably 1~1.5m, the planting device it is highly preferred be 0.3~
0.5m.After the interface of the control root device screws down, the middle part and top of the control root device are fastened with iron wire, to prevent rear
Phase generates pressure and collapses out.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the control root device, is purchased using commodity known in the art
Buy channel purchase., it is preferable to use Miniature digging machine digs obtained matrix to control root when loading matrix into the control root device
In device, when dress soil is to 1/3, the matrix of the inside is tamped, is tamped again when being attached to 2/3, fills compacting.Control root device fills out the mistake of matrix
It wants to tamp when filling out in journey, if the watering of control root device top will cause the collapsing of control root device without compacting.
In the present invention, the matrix preferably includes the component of following volumes percentage composition: loose squama 15%, organic fertilizer 25%
With field soil 60%.The matrix, for basic matrix, adds loose squama and organic fertilizer with field soil.Loose squama increases the ventilative of soil
Property, organic fertilizer increases the nutrient of soil.
In the present invention, the spacing of the every two control root device and the target of the fruit tree seedling are tree-like related, the fruit
The target for setting seedling is tree-like including trunk type, two major branch planes, positive Y type or three skeleton planes types.When the fruit tree seedling
Target it is tree-like be main dry type when, the spacing of every two control root device is preferably 1.5~2m；More preferably 1.8m.When the fruit tree at
The target of seedling is tree-like when being two major branch planes, and the spacing of every two control root device is preferably 1.5~2.5m, more preferably 2.0m.
When the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like be positive Y type when, the spacing of every two control root device is preferably 2~2.5m, more preferably
2.3m.When it is three skeleton planes types that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is preferably 2.5~
3m, more preferably 2.8m.
After loading the matrix, fruit tree seedling is colonized in the matrix of the control root device by the present invention, watering.
In the present invention, the fruit tree seedling it is final it is highly preferred be 3~3.5m, more preferably 3.2m.The kind of fruit tree
Class preferably includes the common fruit tree such as peach, apple, pear tree, citrus or grape.The fruit tree seedling kind be preferably provided with easily at
Flower, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, high yield, inside and outside quality character, for example, the kind of peach preferably include ' Huyou 018 ', ' spring dawn ' honey peach or
' brocade is fragrant ' yellow peach etc..The fruit tree seedling is preferably 1 year raw seedling.
In the present invention, preferably the trunk in fruit tree seedling is located in plantation row when the field planting, in the ranks in plantation
Trunk is not stayed on channel.Watering is root water after field planting.The present invention is not particularly limited the mode of the watering, using ability
Watering mode known to domain.The degree of the watering preferably irrigates.After watering, preferably mends and fill out matrix as control root device
Top edge is concordant.
Fruit tree seedling after field planting is subjected to Cultivate administration.
In the present invention, the Cultivate administration preferably includes fertilizer and water management and sprays paclobutrazol.
In the present invention, the fertilizer and water management is preferably included in the field planting of fruit tree seedling and survives rear young sprout length to the additional fertilizer of 20cm
Material.The fertilizer is preferably Water soluble fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer.The Water soluble fertilizer includes nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer, general fertilizer and potassium Water soluble fertilizer.
In the present invention, total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus (P in the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K2O quality)
Percentage composition is followed successively by 30%, 10% and 10%；The dose of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is preferably 5~6 pounds/acre, more preferably 5.5
Pound/acre；The Effects of Fertilization Frequency of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is preferably that per two weeks fertilising is primary；The Dressing date of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is preferred
From the fruit tree young sprout that survives of field planting it is long to 20cm when to July.The nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is suitble to be born in crop nutrient growth fertilizer；It is rich
Ensure that plant health is long containing microelement, crop nutritional deficiency symptom is avoided to occur；It is weakly acidic, it is suitble to major part crop, to alkalinity
Soil, which has, adjusts sour effect；High CO (NH2)2- N can be used as crop foliage-spray；Suitable for mentioning Miao Yongfei after transplanting slow seedling.This hair
The bright source to the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is not particularly limited, using purchasing channel known in the art.In the present invention,
The nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is purchased from the 30-10-10+TE high nitrogen fertilizer of Shanghai Yong Tong ecological engineering limited liability company.
In the present invention, begin to use general fertilizer into the tree Xie Huahou of fruiting period.Total nitrogen content, water in the general fertilizer
Dissolubility phosphorus (P2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K2O mass percentage) is followed successively by 20%, 20% and 20%.The general fertilizer is applied
Fertilizer amount is 5~6 pounds/acre.The general fertilizer effect is balance fertilizing, it is ensured that the nutrition supply of Growth status.The present invention is to described
The source of general fertilizer is not particularly limited, using purchasing channel known in the art.The general fertilizer is purchased from Shanghai forever
Logical ecological engineering limited liability company.
In the present invention, start within 1 month before fructescence to apply potassium Water soluble fertilizer 2~3 times, effect is to improve fruit product
Matter increases fruit sweetness, and fruit is made to be easy colouring.The working concentration of the potassium Water soluble fertilizer is to dilute 600 on the basis of former fertilizer
~1200 times.Total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus (P in the potassium Water soluble fertilizer2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K2O mass percentage) according to
Secondary is 15%, 10% and 30%.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the potassium Water soluble fertilizer, and use is known in the art
Purchasing channel.The potassium Water soluble fertilizer is purchased from Shanghai Yong Tong ecological engineering limited liability company.
In the present invention, the liquid organic fertilizer preferably includes earthworm fertilizer or potassium fulvate.The liquid organic fertilizer is applied
It is preferably solar calendar September~November with the time.
In the present invention, the earthworm fertilizer is from extracting in earthworm and earthworm secretion rich in needed for plant growth
Various nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, magnesium, boron, sulphur, copper, molybdenum etc., and containing amino acid, beneficial to day
Right microorganism and spontaneous growth regulator (protein, biochemical enzymes etc.) have healing plants wound effect, promote well developed root system,
Blade health, increases production diseases prevention.Nutrient content is complete and balanced, has good effect of increasing production, it can does punching fertilising, can also do
Foliar fertilizer, can trickle irrigation also spray.The earthworm fertilizer can improve product quality, activating soil, increase soil fertility.Application method
For punching fertilising: 3-5 kilograms of earthworm Liquid Fertilizer is diluted with water in the matrix that 150~600 times are applied in controller, and every 7~15d punching applies one
It is secondary.The earthworm fertilizer is preferably purchased from Henan Nong Lifa agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.
In the present invention, potassium fulvate is to help using fulvic acid and 18 kinds of free amino acids as primary raw material comprising NDF activation
Agent and multiple beneficial microbial bacterial agent and a variety of middle microelements, complete water-soluble, nuisanceless, noresidue.The function of potassium fulvate is special
Point is as follows: 1, can promote cell division and growth, stimulation crop roots, and making crop, seedlings are uniform and strong, and leaf green manure is thick, improves
Utilization rate of fertilizer 30%, activated absorption pedo relict nutrient, utilizes again.2, the certainly sharp pol of crop can be increased substantially,
Make crop that there is anti-withered ability.Rot disease, root rot are prevented, pest and disease damage is reduced, plant leaf blade stomatal opening intensity is reduced, subtracts
Few leaf transpiration, is that plant internal water situation is improved, and is a kind of natural potent drought resistance agent.3, quickly supplement crop lacks
The situations such as potassium, boron, zinc, calcium improve crop VC and sugar content, prolong storage period and the collecting period, prevent fallen flowers, shedding phenomenon.4,
Improve soil texture, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, accelerate the decomposition and inversion of organic matter, especially to long-term single use
Fertilizer, machine maintenance arable land cause it is hardened have a significant reclamation result, cold-resistant, drought resisting, disease-resistant, anti-continuous cropping.5, the acid of soil is neutralized
Property, reconciliation soil pH value increases the quantity that microelement is operated from root to leaf portion or other positions, accelerates the first of various metabolism
The absorption of grade product reaches increasing both production and income purpose to improve agricultural product quality.The dosage of the potassium fulvate be 10~
20kg/ mus.The usage of the potassium fulvate includes that punching is applied, trickle irrigation or sprayed.The potassium fulvate applicable crops include vegetables, fruit
Tree, melon and fruit, tealeaves, tobacco, medicinal material and field crop.The potassium fulvate is preferably purchased from Hebei Wang Run Science and Technology Ltd..
In the present invention, the number that sprays of paclobutrazol is preferably 1~2 time；The working concentration of paclobutrazol is preferably in raw medicine base
180~200 times are diluted on plinth.The source of the paclobutrazol is not particularly limited, and is using paclobutrazol known to original field
It can.The method of administration of the paclobutrazol is to spray application on leaf, the degree that the degree sprayed is dripped not only with leaf.
The paclobutrazol can promote the formation of bud, and when use pays attention to dosage, avoid big concentration from spraying and cause control excessively,
Influence Growth status.
In the present invention, annual September part raises described ground cloth, ploughs and shines soil, then spreads again in 3~April of next year
If ground cloth, which is conducive to increase the gas permeability of soil, promotes the growth of root system of plant and absorbs nutrient.
In the present invention, the Cultivate administration phase further preferably includes pest management.For main diseases and insect pests, using the modern times
Biology and physics Control Technology, new and effective spray equipment at chemical pesticide green substitute products.
In the present invention, the application illustrates disease prevention and control by taking peach as an example.Peach whole year pest and disease damage mainly has shothole disease, aphid
Worm, red spider, leaf miner, heart-eating worm etc. will use comprehensive preventive health measures, the lime sulfur of 3~5 Baume degrees sprayed before bud,
A time extension rate of spray is that 2000 times of aphid lices are only 600 times of carbendazim medical fluid with extension rate or extension rate is 800 before spending
Methyl sulfur bacterium medicine liquid again.Optionally prevented and treated after fallen flowers, it is general select d ichlorbenzuron 3, mite it is dead it is net, aphid lice is net, Mancozeb,
The drugs such as lucky star, carbendazim, whole year can a situation arises is prevented and treated in time according to disease pest.In the present invention, the fruit tree enters
By staying branch after the best fruiting period, late fruit thinning controls yield, and the means such as control fertilizer and control water regulate and control tree vigo(u)r more.
It is detailed to a kind of method that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees progress provided by the invention below with reference to embodiment
Illustrate, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Precocious yellow peach kind is selected, bud kind-easy to form ' Shanghai oil 338 ' is varieties of plant.It is colonized within 2014, field planting
It is preceding to flatten ground, it is laid with black and removes meadow cloth.Control root device is well placed by the seeding row spacing of design, after interface is twisted with screw,
Middle part and top are fastened with iron wire.Ground spreads fertilizer over the fields loose squama, organic fertilizer and in the ranks soil mixes, and obtains loose squama, organic fertilizer and native in the ranks
Volume ratio be 10:20:70 matrix, the matrix being mixed to get is dug into control root device using Miniature digging machine, dress matrix is to 1/3
When, the matrix of the inside is tamped, is tamped again when being attached to 2/3, fills compacting.By the annual seedling field planting of peach into control root device
It sprinkles profoundly water, degree benefit is declined according to soil and is banketed, the soil for controlling root device kind height is consistent.(2) it is shaped into positive Y type tree
Shape, seeding row spacing 4m × 2m.(3) ground can be laid with black except meadow cloth, and ground cloth is raised and loosened the soil by September part, and March in next year is again
Covering ground cloth.(4) it is applied fertilizer using dropper.It is substantially complete orchard automatic operation.
The 4th year after field planting, per mu yield reaches 1328kg, single fruit weight average out to 159g, per plant weight 16kg.
Embodiment 2
Precocious yellow peach kind is selected, bud kind-easy to form ' Shanghai oil 338 ' is varieties of plant.It is colonized within 2014, it is fixed
Ground is flattened before planting, black is laid with and removes meadow cloth.Control root device is well placed by the seeding row spacing of design, interface is twisted with screw
Afterwards, middle part and top are fastened with iron wire.Ground spreads fertilizer over the fields loose squama, organic fertilizer and in the ranks soil mixes, and obtains loose squama, organic fertilizer and in the ranks
The volume ratio of soil is the matrix of 20:30:50, is dug the matrix being mixed to get into control root device using Miniature digging machine, dress matrix arrives
When 1/3, the matrix of the inside is tamped, is tamped again when being attached to 2/3, fills compacting.By the annual seedling field planting of peach to control root
It is sprinkled profoundly water in device, degree benefit is declined according to soil and is banketed, the soil for controlling root device kind height is consistent.(2) two are shaped into
Major branch plane is tree-like, seeding row spacing 4m × 2m.(3) ground can be laid with black except meadow cloth, and ground cloth is raised and loosened the soil by September part,
Cover ground cloth March in next year again.(4) it is applied fertilizer using dropper.It is substantially complete orchard automatic operation.
The 4th year, per mu yield 1162kg, single fruit weight average out to 141g after field planting, per plant weight average is 14kg.
Embodiment 3
With precocious yellow peach kind, bud kind-easy to form ' brocade is fragrant ' is varieties of plant.It is colonized within 2014, it will before being colonized
Ground leveling is laid with black and removes meadow cloth.Control root device is well placed by the seeding row spacing of design, after interface is twisted with screw, middle part
It is fastened with top with iron wire.Ground spreads fertilizer over the fields loose squama, organic fertilizer and in the ranks soil mixes, and obtains loose squama, organic fertilizer and body native in the ranks
Product is dug the matrix being mixed to get into control root device using Miniature digging machine than the matrix for being 15:25:60, when dress matrix is to 1/3,
The matrix of the inside is tamped, is tamped again when being attached to 2/3, fills compacting.The annual seedling field planting of peach is poured into control root device
It is permeable, degree benefit is declined according to soil and is banketed, the soil for controlling root device kind height is consistent.(2) two major branch planes are shaped to
Type is tree-like, seeding row spacing 4m × 2m.(3) ground can be laid with black except meadow cloth, and ground cloth is raised and loosened the soil by September part, March in next year
Covering ground cloth again.(4) it is applied fertilizer using dropper.It is substantially complete orchard automatic operation.
The 4th year, per mu yield 1743kg after field planting, single fruit weight average value is 205g, the average value of per plant weight
21kg。
Embodiment 4
Precocious Nectarine Cultivars Revealed is selected, bud kind-easy to form ' Shanghai oil 277 ' is varieties of plant.It is colonized within 2014, field planting
It is preceding to flatten ground, it is laid with black and removes meadow cloth.Control root device is well placed by the seeding row spacing of design, after interface is twisted with screw,
Middle part and top are fastened with iron wire.Ground spreads fertilizer over the fields loose squama, organic fertilizer and in the ranks soil mixes, and obtains loose squama, organic fertilizer and native in the ranks
Volume ratio be 20:20:60 matrix, the matrix being mixed to get is dug into control root device using Miniature digging machine, dress matrix is to 1/3
When, the matrix of the inside is tamped, is tamped again when being attached to 2/3, fills compacting.By the annual seedling field planting of peach into control root device
It sprinkles profoundly water, degree benefit is declined according to soil and is banketed, the soil for controlling root device kind height is consistent.(2) two major branches are shaped into
Plane is tree-like, seeding row spacing 4m × 2m.(3) ground can be laid with black except meadow cloth, and ground cloth is raised and loosened the soil by September part, next year 3
Cover ground cloth month again.(4) it is applied fertilizer using dropper.It is substantially complete orchard automatic operation.
The 4th year, per mu yield 1053kg, the average value 185g of single fruit weight after field planting, the average value of per plant weight
12kg。
Embodiment 5
Using ' brocade fragrant ' kind as planting material, fruit tree seedling is trimmed to that trunk type is tree-like, according to the plantation side of embodiment 1
Method, counts the per mu yield of third annual bearing, and average value, fruit soluble solids content and 10 single plants of 100 single fruit weights produce
The average value of amount.Wherein, the measuring method of the content of soluble solid makes to drip fruit juice and read on hand-held ATAGO refractometer folding
Number, 30 fruits of each tree-like measurement are averaged.It the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
Using ' brocade is fragrant ', kind is planting material, using 8m tunnel greenhouse (Fig. 7), by fruit tree shaping tree-like, strain at trunk type
2.7m × 2m mus of line-spacing are planted 123 plants.1 ton of organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on ground per acre when site preparation.Ridged plant does 0.5m surely after field planting,
Start to apply fertilizer when young sprout grows to 20cm, dosage of applying fertilizer for the first time will be lacked, frequently apply Shaoshi, it is first few after it is more, every plant each to spread fertilizer over the fields urine
Plain 40g, applies disposable fertilizer every 2 weeks, is continued until mid-July.Ground herbicide spraying weeding, ploughs and ploughs by manpower.Treelet
It is noted that removing the branch of excessive growth in growth course, excessively prosperous branch retracts to bifurcation to long shoot is crossed.Sprayed paclobutrazol promotion on July 20
Cheng Hua can not be sprayed if it is flower variety is easy into.Fertilizer In Autumn matrix, 1.5 tons of organic fertilizer per acre, fertilizing method is such as
Under: it applies fertilizer in the ditching of tree body side, winter is trimmed, and overstocked withe excessively is removed.The next spring florescence pays attention to controlling greenhouse
Interior temperature, Fruit physiology shedding phase carry out fruit thinning, and fructescence is picked in time.The per mu yield of statistics third annual bearing, 100
The average value of the average value of a single fruit weight, fruit soluble solids content and 10 single plant yields.
It the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 6
Using 338 ' kind of peach ' Shanghai as planting material, fruit tree seedling is trimmed to that trunk type is tree-like, according to the kind of embodiment 1
Plant method counts the per mu yield of third annual bearing, average value, fruit soluble solids content and 10 lists of 100 single fruit weights
The average value of strain yield.It the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
Using 338 ' kind of peach ' Shanghai as planting material, using a canopy (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) is connected, by fruit tree shaping at trunk type tree
Shape, 2.7m × 2m mus of seeding row spacing are planted 123 plants.1 ton of organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on ground per acre when site preparation.Ridged plant is done surely after field planting
0.5m starts to apply fertilizer when newly slightly growing to 20cm, and dosage of applying fertilizer for the first time will be lacked, and more after frequently applying Shaoshi, first lacking, every plant is spread every time
Urea 20g is applied, applies disposable fertilizer every 2 weeks, is continued until mid-July.Ground herbicide spraying weeding, ploughs and ploughs by manpower.
It is noted that removing the branch of excessive growth during sapling up-growth, excessively prosperous branch retracts to bifurcation to long shoot is crossed.July 20 sprayed paclobutrazol
Promote into flower, can not be sprayed if it is flower variety is easy into.Fertilizer In Autumn matrix, per acre 1.5 tons of application of organic fertilizers, fertilising side
Method is as follows: applying fertilizer in the ditching of tree body side, winter is trimmed, and overstocked withe excessively is removed.The next spring florescence pays attention to controlling
Temperature in greenhouse, Fruit physiology shedding phase carry out fruit thinning, and fructescence is picked in time.Count the per mu yield of third annual bearing
Amount, the average value of the average value of 100 single fruit weights, fruit soluble solids content and 10 single plant yields.
1 different cultivars cropping pattern third annual bearing yield of table
Note: the content of content of fruit soluble solids can be indicated admittedly
It is by above-mentioned 1 result of table it is found that great using the fruit single fruit of control root device plantation, fruit soluble solids content
Height, single plant yield and per mu yield are higher.It is compared compared with general planting method, using method provided by the invention to different cultivars
Peach is planted, third year fruit per mu yield improve 57.22%~79.6%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that facility internal control root device raises fruit trees, which comprises the following steps:
1) plantation row is cooked up on ground in facility 3~April of solar calendar, ground cloth is laid on plantation row；Every two plantation row
Between line-spacing be 3.5~4.5m；
2) control root device is placed on described ground cloth, loads matrix into the control root device；
Along the plantation line direction, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~3m；
The matrix includes the component of following volumes percentage composition: loose squama 10%~20%, organic fertilizer 20%~30% and field
Soil 50%~80%；
3) fruit tree seedling is colonized in the matrix of the control root device, watering；
4) the fruit tree seedling after watering is subjected to Cultivate administration.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein it includes master that the target of fruit tree seedling described in step 3) is tree-like
Dry type, two major branch planes, positive Y type or three skeleton planes types.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the spacing and the fruit tree seedling of the every two control root device
Target it is tree-like related:
When it is main dry type that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~2m；
When it is two major branch planes that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is 1.5~2.5m；
When the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like be positive Y type when, the spacing of every two control root device is 2~2.5m；
When it is three skeleton planes types that the target of the fruit tree seedling is tree-like, the spacing of every two control root device is 2.5~3m.
4. method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that 1~1.5m of diameter of the planting device,
The height of the planting device is 0.3~0.5m.
5. method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the final height control of the fruit tree is 3
Between~3.5m.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the facility includes greenhouse；The greenhouse
It rises as 6~7m；The shoulder height of the greenhouse is 4~5m.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the Cultivate administration includes fertilizer and water management and sprays multiple-effect
Azoles.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the fertilizer and water management be included in fruit tree seedling field planting survive after
Young sprout it is long to 20~30cm when additional fertilizer；
The fertilizer is Water soluble fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer；The Water soluble fertilizer includes nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer, general fertilizer and potassium Water soluble fertilizer；
From the fruit tree that survives of field planting when young sprout it is long to 20cm when to July use nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer；The dose of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is 5
~6 pounds/acre, extension rate is 600~1200 times；The Effects of Fertilization Frequency of the nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer is that the fertilising of per two weeks is primary；It is described
The mass percentage of total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium is followed successively by 30%, 10% and 10% in nitrogen Water soluble fertilizer；
Fruit tree begins to use general fertilizer in Xie Huahou；The dose of the general fertilizer is 5~6 pounds/acre；Total nitrogen in the general fertilizer
The mass percentage of content, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium is followed successively by 20%, 20% and 20%；
1 month fruit tree starts to apply potassium Water soluble fertilizer before fructescence；The extension rate of the potassium Water soluble fertilizer is 600~1200
Times, the mass percentage of total nitrogen content, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium is 15%, 10% and 30% in the potassium Water soluble fertilizer；
The liquid organic fertilizer includes earthworm fertilizer or potassium fulvate；The administration time of the liquid organic fertilizer be solar calendar September~
November；The amount of application of the liquid organic fertilizer is 4~6 pounds/acre, and the working concentration of the liquid organic fertilizer is the base in former fertilizer
400~600 times are diluted on plinth；Application times are 2~3 times.
9. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the number that sprays of paclobutrazol is 1~2 time；The work of paclobutrazol
As concentration be raw medicine on the basis of dilute 150~200 times.
10. method described according to claim 1~3 and 6~9 any one, which is characterized in that will be described per September part every year
Ground cloth is raised, and is ploughed and is shone soil, then re-lays ground cloth in 3~April of next year.
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| CN112806205A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-18 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving quality and increasing efficiency of micro-area environment for stabilizing peach growth and application of cultivation method |
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