CN109362257B - Dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening, water storing and high yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening, water storing and high yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109362257B CN109362257B CN201811499271.0A CN201811499271A CN109362257B CN 109362257 B CN109362257 B CN 109362257B CN 201811499271 A CN201811499271 A CN 201811499271A CN 109362257 B CN109362257 B CN 109362257B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating perennial root sugar cane in dry land by loosening soil and storing water at the bottom layer for many years with high yield, which is characterized in that after the sugar cane is harvested in the current year or the second year, a horizontal shaft circular saw type cultivator is adopted to penetrate into a soil layer below 12-15cm of the ground, a circular saw blade with the diameter of 15-20cm is used for sawing deep soil to form a loose soil layer, and a hard soil layer is arranged below the loose soil layer; in the cultivation process, a sugarcane ground cultivation layer and a sugarcane soil layer which is 10-15cm below the sugarcane ground cultivation layer are kept still, only a small number of cracks are formed, and the original ecological state of a surface soil layer is kept; a unique 'soil reservoir' is constructed, the root system of the sugarcane is deeply pricked to a soil area deep about 40cm, drought, high temperature and low temperature of the sugarcane are resisted favorably, the moisture and nutrient balance supply and yield and sugar increase of the sugarcane are promoted, and the period of 2-3 years of the perennial root sugarcane at present can be increased to 3-4 years or longer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop farming method, in particular to a dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening, water storage and high yield farming method.
Background
For thousands of years, the traditional crop cultivation method in China uses machinery, animal power or manpower to cultivate soil and create a loose cultivation layer with a certain depth, and the operation modes comprise cultivation, raking, leveling, intertilling, pressing and the like, and the cultivation modes can promote the effects of soil ventilation, soil temperature regulation, nutrient conversion promotion and the like; but also has the disadvantages: (1) the wet soil is exposed by plowing, so that the loss of soil moisture is accelerated, and the moisture conservation is not facilitated, especially under the condition of spring drought. (2) The plowing accelerates the oxidative decomposition of soil organic matters, so that the content of the soil organic matters is reduced. (3) The plowing needs larger power for people to throw, and the agricultural production cost is increased. (4) The plough layer is easy to form after long-term ploughing, so that the soil is compact, and the permeability of the soil is influenced. (5) In arid and semiarid regions, the plowed field is exposed, so that soil wind erosion is easily caused, the soil fertility is degraded, a sand storm is formed, and the ecological environment is damaged.
The invention relates to a powder ridge technology, which is a research result of Wibenhui researchers and teams thereof in the institute of economic crops of academy of agricultural sciences in the autonomous region of Guangxi province for more than 10 years and can integrate yield increase, quality improvement, water retention and ecology into a whole, and the super-deep live soil farming technology integrates yield increase, quality improvement, water retention and ecology, is applied to 33 crops in 22 provinces (cities and autonomous regions), can realize the soil preparation task at one time by vertically penetrating a 'spiral farming drill bit' of the powder ridge machine, realizes deep scarification by 1-3 times compared with the traditional farming, can increase the yield by 10-50%, improve the quality by more than 5%, increase the natural rainfall by 1 time, obviously improve the ecological environment and the like, and becomes a 'fourth generation' farming mode following manpower, animal power and a tractor. The powder ridge technology is evaluated positively by 10 academies such as Yuanying and Lizheng. The 'originality' is identified by expert achievements of Liuxu academy and the like in 2012; in 2018, 1 month and 13 months, the evaluation of the institute of academicians of department of agriculture is ' a very important invention ', is ' an important innovation in soil farming technology, and reaches the international leading level of similar research. The Ministry of agriculture in 2017 is set as a 'powder ridge green ecological agriculture technology' and listed in the national main promotion technology.
The ridge smashing technology is used for realizing ultra-deep ploughing and activating various land resources, repairing soil, increasing and storing natural rainfall and improving ecological huge science and application potential, green ecological big pattern agriculture can be constructed, and hopefully, the agriculture in China is changed from single cultivated land agriculture to green super agriculture patterns such as cultivated land, saline-alkali land, degraded grassland, marginal land, river water and offshore water, the agricultural products such as grains, meat, milk and fish can be produced in a high quality mode, more natural rainfall is stored and reserved on land to be available water resources, the overall breaking of the existing agricultural resources is not matched with the development requirements of population, the grain safety is guaranteed, the agricultural production mode has to pursue high yield or ultra-high yield, chemical fertilizers are piled and used more pesticides, and the problems that soil, water and air are easy to be polluted are caused. Therefore, the ridge smashing technology has great effect in the popularization and the application in various parts of China.
In the field of constructing 'soil reservoirs' by the ridge-crushing technology, webbingui researchers, one of the inventors, have also conducted intensive studies, such as: 1. a method for efficiently planting sugarcane in dry land by powder ridge rain culture utilizes powder ridge machinery and powder ridge farming technology to carry out powder ridge ultra-deep rotary tillage cultivation on the sugarcane planted dry land without irrigation conditions; before ridge powdering, 70-80% of fertilizer required by the whole growth period is scattered on the ground, and then ridge powdering operation is carried out, so that the fertilizer is uniformly and deeply buried in a plough layer, and the root system of the sugarcane is vertically distributed and deeply pricked; the sugarcane planting rows with slopes are planted according to contour lines, small dams are arranged between the planting rows (drainage ditches) of the flat dry land for storing water every 10 meters, natural rainfall is seeped and accumulated to a soil reservoir to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the water coordinates nutrients, fertilizer application and fertilizer content and the like in the soil, nutrition balance supply to the root systems of the sugarcane is achieved in the whole growth period, and the purposes of high yield and efficiency improvement are achieved. 2. A cultivation method for grass raw powder ridge water-gathering grass-growing adopts a high-horsepower rotary tillage machine to carry out moderate deep tillage, and the specific requirements are as follows: a. carrying out strip-shaped powder ridge with the tillage width of 80-200 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm; b. carrying out powder ridge cultivation once every 15-20 m in the edge zone of the pasture planting area, so that the powder ridge soil is 10-12 cm higher than the ground, and the bottom of the soil loosening groove is U-shaped, thereby facilitating water storage and water protection; meanwhile, measures such as establishing a drainage channel, covering a film, planting and managing pasture and the like are matched, so that the effects of keeping water and soil balance in a pasture area, improving the yield of the pasture and finally improving the development of animal husbandry are achieved, and the method has very important effects and significance for improving economic and ecological benefits in the pasture area. 3. A cultivating method for arid and semi-arid regions by deep ploughing, shallow ploughing, pulverizing soil, deep ploughing, and forming T-shaped ridge with slope at certain angle and surrounded by shallow soil-loosening ditches. Drainage channels are formed in non-ploughing areas, film is covered on ridge beds, planting holes are formed, water storage grooves are formed around the planting holes for storing water and preserving soil moisture, meanwhile, standardized farming operations such as fertilization and pesticide application are matched, the farming operations are completed by integrated machinery at one time, the labor efficiency is greatly improved, meanwhile, the soil water content can be effectively improved by more than 30%, the crop yield is increased by more than 40%, the economic benefit is remarkably increased, a new ecological balance is established, and the method has a great popularization value in northwest arid areas.
Therefore, the establishment of the soil reservoir plays a role in storing water and preserving soil moisture in a mode of artificially building a planting groove or a U-shaped pit instead of enabling the soil to play a role in storing water by means of cultivation. At present, dry-land vegetation such as grassland, greening, dry-land crops such as corn, sugarcane, sweet potato, peanut, wheat and the like and paddy-field crops such as rice all face the problem of water replenishing in dry seasons, soil is reformed in one step through a farming mode, the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the method has popularization and application values compared with the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening, water storing and high yield cultivation method, which utilizes a cross shaft circular saw type cultivation tool to loosen and break soil of partial soil layers below the bottom of a dry land perennial root sugarcane ditch, constructs a super dry land cultivation layer and a soil reservoir of new lower layers of perennial root sugarcane without soil disturbance, promotes the root system development of the perennial root sugarcane, realizes balanced supply of water and nutrients, and eliminates the influence of adverse environments such as drought, low temperature and the like on the high yield of the sugarcane.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for cultivating perennial root sugar cane in dry land by loosening soil and storing water for many years with high yield includes that after the perennial root sugar cane in dry land is harvested in the current year or the second year, a horizontal shaft circular saw type cultivator is adopted to penetrate into a soil layer below 12-15cm of the ground, a circular saw blade with the diameter of 15-20cm is used for sawing deep soil to form a loose soil layer, and a hard soil layer is arranged below the loose soil layer; in the cultivation process, a sugarcane ground cultivation layer and a sugarcane soil layer which is 10-15cm below the sugarcane ground cultivation layer are kept still, only a small number of cracks are formed, and the original ecological state of a surface soil layer is kept; a unique 'soil reservoir' is constructed.
The cross shaft circular saw type cultivator comprises a tractor and a circular saw blade, wherein the circular saw blade is arranged at the rear part of the tractor, the circular saw blade can be immersed into the lower part of a cultivation layer, and the circular saw blade is driven by a power device to saw a hard soil layer at the lower part of the cultivation layer into a loose soil layer.
A gear box is arranged on the traction frame at the rear side of the tractor; the lower part of the gearbox is connected with a transmission box through a driving shaft shell; the driving shaft is arranged in the driving shaft shell, the upper end of the driving shaft is connected with a power output gear in the gearbox, and the lower end of the driving shaft is connected with a power input gear in the gearbox; the disc saw blades are respectively arranged on two sides of the transmission box through transmission shafts; a power unit for powering the drive shaft is coupled to the gearbox.
The power device is a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is fixedly arranged on the gearbox.
The gearbox is hinged on the traction frame; and a lifting hydraulic cylinder is also arranged on the traction frame, and a telescopic shaft of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the driving shaft shell.
The front part and/or the rear part of the transmission case is provided with a coulter for breaking the ground.
The rear part of the transmission case is also provided with a fertilizing system, and when deep soil is sawn and ploughed, the circular saw blade is provided with the fertilizing system, so that granular compound fertilizer or water fertilizer is applied during ploughing, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a method for improving the yield of perennial root sugarcane, which is characterized in that according to the characteristics that the cultivation efficiency is influenced by shallow plough layer of perennial root sugarcane in dry land, hardened soil, little water storage amount, aged root system, low yield and short perennial root period, after the perennial root sugarcane is harvested in the current year or the second year, partial soil layer below the groove bottom of the perennial root sugarcane in dry land is loosened and broken by using cultivation tools such as a cross shaft circular saw or a cross shaft blade, so as to construct a super dry land cultivation layer and a soil reservoir which are new lower layers of the perennial root sugarcane and are not disordered in soil, not damaging the perennial root sugarcane stump, cutting off partial aged root system of the sugarcane, activating soil resources at the bottom of the super dry land, constructing a super soil reservoir, promoting the growth of the perennial root sugarcane to be developed, balancing supply of water and nutrients, eliminating the influence of adverse environments such as drought and low temperature on the high yield of the sugarcane, and promoting the perennial root growth of the sugarcane to be planted in 1 rotation from the current 3 years, the method prolongs the cultivation period by 4 to 6 years and 1 cycle, can not only promote the yield increase of the raw sugarcane by 10 to 20 percent, but also can realize the purpose of saving the investment cost of cultivation, planting, seeds and the like.
(2) The method combines the soil loosening and soil breaking cultivation on the bottom layer of the perennial root sugarcane in the dry land with the bottom layer fertilization, and can be used for distributing dry fertilizer and water fertilizer through a fertilization system configured by tillage tools such as a cross shaft circular saw and the like, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; the fertilizer is applied to the roots of the sugarcane during deep ploughing and soil breaking, is not easily influenced by external weather, has low loss rate, can continuously supply nutrients to the roots of the sugarcane, improves the nutrient utilization rate and saves the cost.
(3) The sugarcane is easy to be damaged by the sugarcane turtles, the sugarcane borers, the thrips and the aphids during the growth period, when soil is deeply cut and soil is broken, the clothianidin and the chlorpyrifos pesticide fertilizer granules are applied to the bottom, so that the nutrient supply of the sugarcane can be ensured, the damage of pests in the growth period of the sugarcane can be avoided, the labor and the labor are saved, the labor cost is saved, the plant protection is prevented and treated in advance, and the effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a soil loosening tiller in the area of the bottom of the tillage land;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
the part names of the sequence numbers in the figure are:
1. tractor, 2, traction frame, 3, hydraulic cylinder, 4, hydraulic motor, 5, gearbox, 6, drive shaft shell, 7, drive shaft, 8, coulter, 9, transmission case, 10, transmission shaft, 11, disc saw blade, 12, scarification layer, 13, hard soil layer, 14, plough layer.
Detailed Description
To describe the technology of the present application in more detail, the technology of the present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The implementation place is as follows: the application time of the Wuming dynasty in Wu Jian is 12 months and 1 day in 2014.
A dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening and water storage multi-year high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the perennial root sugarcane in the dry land is harvested in the current year or the second year, a horizontal shaft circular saw type cultivator is adopted to deeply penetrate into a soil layer below 12-15cm of the ground, a circular saw blade 11 with the diameter of 15-20cm is used for sawing deep soil to form a loose soil layer 12, and a hard soil layer 13 is arranged below the loose soil layer 12; in the cultivation process, a sugarcane ground cultivation layer and a sugarcane soil layer which is 10-15cm below the sugarcane ground cultivation layer are kept still, only a small number of cracks are formed, and the original ecological state of a surface soil layer is kept; a unique 'soil reservoir' is constructed.
(2) When deep soil is cut, a fertilizing system is arranged on the circular saw blade, the number of NPK (nitrogen-containing fertilizer) nutrients applied to the circular saw blade is 15-15, and the dosage per mu is 100 kg.
(3) After the operation, deep cutting is not needed every year, fertilization is carried out in a conventional mode, the yield of the sugarcane is high in 2015-2018 years, the average yield is 8.17 tons, and the sugarcane is planted again at the end of 2018 years.
The cross shaft circular saw type cultivator comprises a tractor 1 and a circular saw blade 11, wherein the circular saw blade 11 is installed at the rear part of the tractor 1, the circular saw blade 11 can be sunk to the lower part of a cultivation layer 14, and the circular saw blade 11 is driven by a power device to saw a hard soil layer 13 at the lower part of the cultivation layer 14 into a soil loosening layer 12.
A gear box 5 is arranged on the traction frame 2 at the rear side of the tractor 1; the lower part of the gearbox 5 is connected with a transmission case 9 through a driving shaft shell 6; the driving shaft 7 is arranged in the driving shaft shell 6, the upper end of the driving shaft 7 is connected with a power output gear in the gearbox 5, and the lower end of the driving shaft 7 is connected with a power input gear in the transmission case 9; the disc saw blades 11 are respectively arranged on two sides of the transmission case 9 through the transmission shaft 10; a power unit for powering the drive shaft 7 is connected to the gearbox 5.
The power device is a hydraulic motor 4, and the hydraulic motor 4 is fixedly arranged on a gearbox 5.
The gearbox 5 is hinged on the traction frame 2; and the traction frame 2 is also provided with a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3, and a telescopic shaft of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected with the driving shaft shell 6.
The front part and/or the rear part of the transmission case 9 is provided with a coulter 8 for breaking the ground.
The rear part of the transmission case 9 is also provided with a fertilization system, and when deep soil is sawn and ploughed, the circular saw blade 7 is provided with the fertilization system, and granular compound fertilizer or water fertilizer is applied during ploughing, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Compared with a conventional sugarcane planting mode, the input-output ratio is calculated, the sugarcane market price is 537.8 yuan/ton on average, the input cost comprises sugarcane seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, watering, harvesting and labor cost contained in the middle, the average profit of each ton of sugarcane is higher than that of conventional planting by 28.59 yuan/ton, and the profit of each mu is 233 yuan.
Example 2
The implementation place is as follows: bingyang county, conduct time 2014, 12 months and 7 days.
A dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening and water storage multi-year high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the current year of perennial root sugarcane in dry land, after harvesting the sugarcane, adopting a horizontal shaft circular saw type cultivator to deeply penetrate into a soil layer below 12-15cm of the ground, utilizing a circular saw blade 11 with the diameter of 15-20cm to saw deep soil to form a loose soil layer 12, and arranging a hard soil layer 13 below the loose soil layer 12; in the cultivation process, a sugarcane ground cultivation layer and a sugarcane soil layer which is 10-15cm below the sugarcane ground cultivation layer are kept still, only a small number of cracks are formed, and the original ecological state of a surface soil layer is kept; a unique 'soil reservoir' is constructed.
(2) After the operation, deep cutting is not needed every year, fertilization is carried out in a conventional mode, the yield of the sugarcane is high in 2015-2018, the average yield is 7.88 tons, and the sugarcane is planted again at the end of 2018.
The cross shaft circular saw type cultivator comprises a tractor 1 and a circular saw blade 11, wherein the circular saw blade 11 is installed at the rear part of the tractor 1, the circular saw blade 11 can be sunk to the lower part of a cultivation layer 14, and the circular saw blade 11 is driven by a power device to saw a hard soil layer 13 at the lower part of the cultivation layer 14 into a soil loosening layer 12.
A gear box 5 is arranged on the traction frame 2 at the rear side of the tractor 1; the lower part of the gearbox 5 is connected with a transmission case 9 through a driving shaft shell 6; the driving shaft 7 is arranged in the driving shaft shell 6, the upper end of the driving shaft 7 is connected with a power output gear in the gearbox 5, and the lower end of the driving shaft 7 is connected with a power input gear in the transmission case 9; the disc saw blades 11 are respectively arranged on two sides of the transmission case 9 through the transmission shaft 10; a power unit for powering the drive shaft 7 is connected to the gearbox 5.
The power device is a hydraulic motor 4, and the hydraulic motor 4 is fixedly arranged on a gearbox 5.
The gearbox 5 is hinged on the traction frame 2; and the traction frame 2 is also provided with a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3, and a telescopic shaft of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected with the driving shaft shell 6.
The front part and/or the rear part of the transmission case 9 is provided with a coulter 8 for breaking the ground.
The rear part of the transmission case 9 is also provided with a fertilization system, and when deep soil is sawn and ploughed, the circular saw blade 7 is provided with the fertilization system, and granular compound fertilizer or water fertilizer is applied during ploughing, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Compared with a conventional sugarcane planting mode, the input-output ratio is calculated, the sugarcane market price is 537.8 yuan/ton on average, the input cost comprises sugarcane seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, watering, harvesting and labor cost contained in the middle, the average profit of each ton of sugarcane is 25.2 yuan/ton higher than that of conventional planting, and more profit per mu is 198 yuan.
Example 3
The implementation place is as follows: guest wuxuan, implementation time 2014, 12 months and 8 days.
A dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening and water storage multi-year high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the current year of perennial root sugarcane in dry land, after harvesting the sugarcane, adopting a horizontal shaft circular saw type cultivator to deeply penetrate into a soil layer below 12-15cm of the ground, utilizing a circular saw blade 11 with the diameter of 15-20cm to saw deep soil to form a loose soil layer 12, and arranging a hard soil layer 13 below the loose soil layer 12; in the cultivation process, a sugarcane ground cultivation layer and a sugarcane soil layer which is 10-15cm below the sugarcane ground cultivation layer are kept still, only a small number of cracks are formed, and the original ecological state of a surface soil layer is kept; a unique 'soil reservoir' is constructed.
(2) When deep soil is cut, a fertilization system is arranged on a circular saw blade, the nutrient NPK of the applied pesticide and fertilizer is 15-16-14, and the dosage per mu is 120 kg.
(3) After the operation, deep cutting is not needed every year, fertilization is carried out in a conventional mode, the yield of the sugarcane is high in 2015-2018 years, the average yield is 8.5 tons, and the sugarcane is planted again at the end of 2018 years.
The cross shaft circular saw type cultivator comprises a tractor 1 and a circular saw blade 11, wherein the circular saw blade 11 is installed at the rear part of the tractor 1, the circular saw blade 11 can be sunk to the lower part of a cultivation layer 14, and the circular saw blade 11 is driven by a power device to saw a hard soil layer 13 at the lower part of the cultivation layer 14 into a soil loosening layer 12.
A gear box 5 is arranged on the traction frame 2 at the rear side of the tractor 1; the lower part of the gearbox 5 is connected with a transmission case 9 through a driving shaft shell 6; the driving shaft 7 is arranged in the driving shaft shell 6, the upper end of the driving shaft 7 is connected with a power output gear in the gearbox 5, and the lower end of the driving shaft 7 is connected with a power input gear in the transmission case 9; the disc saw blades 11 are respectively arranged on two sides of the transmission case 9 through the transmission shaft 10; a power unit for powering the drive shaft 7 is connected to the gearbox 5.
The power device is a hydraulic motor 4, and the hydraulic motor 4 is fixedly arranged on a gearbox 5.
The gearbox 5 is hinged on the traction frame 2; and the traction frame 2 is also provided with a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3, and a telescopic shaft of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected with the driving shaft shell 6.
The front part and/or the rear part of the transmission case 9 is provided with a coulter 8 for breaking the ground.
The rear part of the transmission case 9 is also provided with a fertilization system, and when deep soil is sawn and ploughed, the circular saw blade 7 is provided with the fertilization system, and granular compound fertilizer or water fertilizer is applied during ploughing, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
The inventor simultaneously compares conventional sugarcane planting mode, calculates input-output ratio, and sugarcane market price is 537.8 yuan/ton on average, and the input cost contains sugarcane kind, fertilizer, pesticide, watering, results and the middle cost of labor that contains, and the average profit of per ton sugarcane is 27 yuan/ton higher than conventional planting, and earnings per mu are 230 yuan more.
Claims (1)
1. A dry land perennial root sugarcane bottom layer soil loosening and water storage multi-year high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the characteristics that the planting benefit is influenced by shallow plough layer of the perennial root sugarcane in the dry land, soil hardening, less water storage amount, aged root system, low yield and short perennial root period, after the perennial root sugarcane is harvested in the current year or the second year, a horizontal shaft circular saw type plough is adopted to deeply penetrate into a soil layer below 12-15cm of the bottom ground of a groove of the perennial root sugarcane in the dry land, a disc saw blade (11) with the diameter of 15-20cm is used for sawing deep soil to form a loose soil layer (12), and a hard soil layer (13) is arranged below the loose soil layer (12); in the cultivation process, a sugarcane ground cultivation layer and a sugarcane soil layer which is 10-15cm below the sugarcane ground cultivation layer are kept still, only a small number of cracks are formed, the original ecological state of the surface soil layer is kept, perennial root sugarcane roots are not damaged, part of aged root systems of the sugarcane can be cut off, and soil resources at the bottom of the aged root systems are activated to construct a soil reservoir;
the cross shaft circular saw type cultivator comprises a tractor (1) and a disc saw blade (11), wherein the disc saw blade (11) is installed at the rear part of the tractor (1), the disc saw blade (11) can be immersed into the lower part of a cultivation layer (14), and a hard soil layer (13) at the lower part of the cultivation layer (14) is sawed into a loose soil layer (12) by the disc saw blade (11) driven by a power device;
a gear box (5) is arranged on the traction frame (2) at the rear side of the tractor (1); the lower part of the gearbox (5) is connected with a transmission case (9) through a driving shaft shell (6); the driving shaft (7) is arranged in the driving shaft shell (6), the upper end of the driving shaft (7) is connected with a power output gear in the gearbox (5), and the lower end of the driving shaft (7) is connected with a power input gear in the transmission case (9); the disc saw blades (11) are respectively arranged on the transmission shafts (10) at the two sides of the transmission box (9); the power device for providing power for the driving shaft (7) is connected with the gearbox (5); a fertilizing system is further installed at the rear part of the transmission case (9), and clothianidin and chlorpyrifos pesticide fertilizer granules are applied while deep soil is sawn and ploughed;
the power device is a hydraulic motor (4), and the hydraulic motor (4) is fixedly arranged on the gearbox (5); the gearbox (5) is hinged on the traction frame (2); the traction frame (2) is also provided with a lifting hydraulic cylinder (3), and a telescopic shaft of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3) is connected with the driving shaft shell (6); the front part and/or the rear part of the transmission case (9) is provided with a coulter (8) for breaking the ground.
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| CN104255104A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Grassland grass-enriching cultivation method employing ridge smashing and water gathering |
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| CN206895141U (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2018-01-19 | 石城县松湖林业化工有限公司 | A kind of forest plantation loosenning tiller |
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| CN2831727Y (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-11-01 | 长春市农业机械研究所 | A combined deep-ripping fertilizer drill unit |
| CN201029263Y (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-03-05 | 吉林省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究中心 | Cultivator deep soil loosening fertilizer |
| CN101558718A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2009-10-21 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving hardened deteriorated grassland and special elastic claw type loosener |
| CN102210204A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2011-10-12 | 商丘市丰源工业设备安装公司 | Land farming method |
| CN104255104A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Grassland grass-enriching cultivation method employing ridge smashing and water gathering |
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