CN109304907B - 车辆用夹层玻璃 - Google Patents
车辆用夹层玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109304907B CN109304907B CN201810827643.1A CN201810827643A CN109304907B CN 109304907 B CN109304907 B CN 109304907B CN 201810827643 A CN201810827643 A CN 201810827643A CN 109304907 B CN109304907 B CN 109304907B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- light
- region
- laminated glass
- film
- shielding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
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Abstract
本发明提供搭载进行车内外的信号的收发的信息获得装置的车辆用的夹层玻璃,其在抑制设于信号的穿透区域的周边的避光区域和穿透区域的边界的形变的同时,生产性也优良。一种车辆用夹层玻璃,其是具有1对玻璃板、和在上述1对玻璃板之间的中间粘接膜的车辆用夹层玻璃,上述中间粘接膜具有包含光学开口部的连续的一个穿透区域,和设于上述光学开口部的整周的周围(除了其一部分)的避光区域,所述光学开口部是配置于车内、与车外进行光的信号的收发的信息获得装置的用于上述信号的收发的光学开口部,与上述中间粘接膜的避光区域对应的上述车辆用夹层玻璃的避光区域的可见光透射率为3%以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆用夹层玻璃。
背景技术
近年,已知介由在车内搭载照相机等信息获得装置的窗玻璃(例如,挡风玻璃),进行道路状況等信息信号的收发(例如,光:380nm~1100nm)。这些信息获得装置逐年高度化,通过对由照相机取得的被摄物的拍摄图像进行分析,分辨相向车辆、前方车辆、行人、交通标志、车道边界线等,可进行告知驾驶员危险等各种驾驶辅助。
在搭载信息获得装置的情况下,车辆用的窗玻璃中,在进行上述信号的收发的区域的周围,设有用于阻断外部光的避光区域。该避光区域,通常,通过烧成、在车辆用窗玻璃上设置陶瓷避光层来形成。但是,在窗玻璃上设有陶瓷避光层的情况下,存在在设有陶瓷避光层的部分与不设有的部分的边界附近发生形变、结果发现透射像变形的问题。
为了解决该问题,例如,专利文献1中,记载了将信息获得装置的信号穿透窗玻璃的区域设定在不包括产生上述形变的边界附近的区域中的技术。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2015-137518号
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
另一方面,在车辆用的窗玻璃为夹层玻璃的情况下,考虑通过将中间粘接膜的规定的区域设置为避光膜来代替设置陶瓷避光层,使得在避光区域和穿透区域的边界中不产生形变。但是,在中间粘接膜由避光区域和穿透区域构成的情况下,由于设计原因,预计生产性会显著下降。
本发明是鉴于上述观点而产生的,其目的在于提供一种搭载进行车内外的信号的收发的信息获得装置的车辆用的夹层玻璃,其在抑制设于信号的穿透区域的周边的避光区域和穿透区域的边界的形变的同时,生产性也优良。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本发明的车辆用夹层玻璃是具有1对玻璃板、和在上述1对玻璃板之间的中间粘接膜的车辆用夹层玻璃,上述中间粘接膜具有包含光学开口部的连续的一个穿透区域,和设于上述光学开口部的整周的周围(除了其一部分)的避光区域,所述光学开口部是配置于车内、与车外进行光的信号的收发的信息获得装置的用于上述信号的收发的光学开口部,与上述中间粘接膜的避光区域对应的上述车辆用夹层玻璃的避光区域的可见光透射率为3%以下。
发明的效果
如果采用本发明,可提供一种搭载进行车内外的信号的收发的信息获得装置的车辆用的夹层玻璃,其在抑制设于信号的穿透区域的周边的避光区域和穿透区域的边界的形变的同时,生产性也优良。
附图说明
图1是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的一例的平面图。
图2是图1所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的X-X线剖面图。
图3是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图4是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5A是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5B是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5C是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5D是图5C所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的中间粘接膜的避光区域的扩大剖面图。
图5E是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5F是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5G是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图6是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的平面图。
图7是图6所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的X-X线剖面图。
图8是图6所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的上部中央附近的扩大平面图。
图9是图8所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的上部中央附近的Y-Y线剖面图。
图10A是图6所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的构成构件的平面图。
图10B是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例车辆用夹层玻璃的中间粘接层的构成构件的平面图。
图11是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的上部中央附近的扩大平面图。
图12是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的另一例的平面图。
图13是用于实施例中的透射像的形变的评价的夹层玻璃的平面图。
图14是说明实施例中的透射像的形变的评价方法的图。
图15A是说明实施例中的透射像的形变的评价方法的其他图。
图15B是表示评价实施例1的透射像的形变的结果的图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
另外,本发明不受这些实施方式所限,可在不脱离本发明的技术思想以及范围的情况下对这些实施方式进行改变或变形。
本发明的车辆用夹层玻璃是搭载进行车内外的信号的收发的信息获得装置的车辆用的夹层玻璃,基于该信息获得装置的信号的收发介由夹层玻璃进行。本发明的车辆用夹层玻璃能够适用于例如挡风玻璃、后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃、天窗玻璃等,优选用于挡风玻璃。
本说明书中“上”以及“下”的符号分别表示将挡风玻璃搭载在车辆上时的上以及下。挡风玻璃的“上部”是指挡风玻璃搭载在车辆上的情况下的上侧的部分,此外,其“下部”是指挡风玻璃搭载在车辆上的情况下的下侧的部分。
此外,本说明书中,玻璃板的周缘部是指从玻璃板的端部向着主面的中央部、具有一定宽度的区域。本说明书中,在车辆用夹层玻璃的主面中,将从中央部向外称为外周侧,将从外周向内称为中央部侧。本说明书中,“大致相同的形状、相同尺寸”是指在人的观感上具有相同形状、相同尺寸。在其他情况下,“大致”也表示与上述相同的含义。此外,在表示数值范围的“~”中,包括上下限。
图1是实施方式的车辆用夹层玻璃的一例的平面图。图1所示的车辆用夹层玻璃是适用于挡风玻璃的车辆用夹层玻璃的例子,图1是从车内侧观察车辆用夹层玻璃时的平面图。图2是图1所示的车辆用夹层玻璃的X-X线剖面图。以下将车辆用夹层玻璃简称为“夹层玻璃”。
图1以及图2所示的夹层玻璃10A具有相互为大致相同的形状、相同尺寸的1对玻璃板1、2,和被该1对玻璃板1、2挟持的中间粘接膜3A。中间粘接膜3A形成为与1对玻璃板1、2大致相同的形状、相同尺寸。夹层玻璃10A中,玻璃板1设于车外侧,玻璃板2设于车内侧。中间粘接膜3A具有包含光学开口部4的连续的一个穿透区域3y,和设于上述光学开口部4的整周的周围(除了其一部分)的避光区域3x;所述光学开口部4是配置于车内、与车外进行光的信号的收发的信息获得装置的用于上述信号的收发的光学开口部4。
夹层玻璃10A所具有的中间粘接膜3A中的避光区域3x在以带状设于中间粘接膜3A的周缘部的整体的同时,以宽度比上边的其他部分更宽的方式设置在上边中央附近。而且,避光区域3x为以中间粘接膜3A的上边中央附近的宽度较宽的方式设置的部分的下边具有凹部、其一部分为缺口的形状。该凹部所包围的区域、换而言之避光区域3x的缺口区域为光学开口部4,由穿透区域3y的一部分构成。即,光学开口部4是3个边被避光区域3x所包围的梯形的区域,光学开口部4以其下边与穿透区域3y的光学开口部4以外的区域连接的方式构成。
中间粘接膜3A中的穿透区域3y是除避光区域3x以外的全部区域。夹层玻璃10A中,中间粘接膜3A的穿透区域3y为连续的一个区域,避光区域3x也是连续的一个区域。通过设为这样的构成,对于光学开口部4,不需要设置从避光区域3x独立的穿透区域,可减少中间粘接膜3A的制造工时,从生产性的方面而言有利。
另外,上述的避光区域3x的形状也可以是在左右的边中的任一个中具有凹部、即缺口的形状,来代替中间粘接膜3A的上边中央附近的宽度宽的方式设置的部分的下边具有凹部的形状。
本发明的夹层玻璃中光学开口部的位置在挡风玻璃中与夹层玻璃10A相同,从信号的收发性的观点出发,大多设于上部中央附近,但不受此所限。由于在光学开口部4的周围具有避光区域3x,因此光学开口部的位置设于不妨碍驾驶视野的位置。此外,夹层玻璃在用于挡风玻璃以外的后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃、天窗玻璃等车辆用窗玻璃的情况下,根据各窗玻璃适当调整光学开口部的位置即可。
本发明的夹层玻璃中,中间粘接膜的避光区域除了光学开口部的整周的周围的一部分以外,可在光学开口部的整周的周围中适当选择配置区域。即,避光区域至少存在于光学开口部的周围即可。中间粘接膜的避光区域优选以包围光学开口部的整周的25~90%的方式设置,更优选以包围30~80%的方式设置,进一步优选以包围40~75%的方式设置。
在光学开口部的周围以外,中间粘接膜的避光区域与夹层玻璃10A相同,可以以画框状设于夹层玻璃的周缘部的整周,也可以以带状设于周缘部的一部分。在为挡风玻璃的情况下,优选在夹层玻璃的周缘部的整周设为宽度5~200mm左右的画框状。在该情况下,中间粘接膜的避光区域的宽度在上下左右的边中可以相同或不同,在各边内可以有宽度的增减。
夹层玻璃10A在正视图中具有与中间粘接膜3A的穿透区域3y以及避光区域3x大致一致的穿透区域10y以及避光区域10x。夹层玻璃10A的避光区域10x的可见光透射率为3%以下。如果避光区域10x的可见光透射率在3%以下,则可充分阻断光学开口部的周围的外部光。而且,通常,通过将光学开口部的附近的配置于车内的信息获得装置或信息获得装置的安装设于避光区域,可抑制安装等所用的粘接剂的由于紫外线的照射所导致的劣化。此外,无法观察到配置于车内的信息获得装置和粘接剂,美观性提高。而且,对于信息获得装置以外的、配置于车内的部件也可得到相同的效果。
中间粘接膜3A中的光学开口部4是穿透区域3y的一部分,中间粘接膜3A中的光学开口部与夹层玻璃10A中的光学开口部在正视图中一致。以下,夹层玻璃10A以及中间粘接膜3A共通,作为光学开口部4进行说明。
在夹层玻璃10A为挡风玻璃的情况下,穿透区域10y优选太阳辐射透射率(Te)在60%以下,且可见光透射率(Tv)在70%以上。太阳辐射透射率(Te)更优选55%以下,特别优选48%以下。此外,太阳辐射反射率(Re)优选5%以上,特别优选7%以上。而且,表示热吸收的量的Ae
(Ae=100-Te-Re)优选20%以上,更优选40%以上,特别优选45%以上。
可见光透射率(Tv)更优选72%以上,特别优选73%以上。此外,穿透区域10y的雾度值优选1.0%以下,更优选0.8%以下,特别优选0.6%以下。
另外,太阳辐射透射率(Te)、太阳辐射反射率(Re)以及可见光透射率(Tv)是通过分光光度计等测定至少包括300~2100nm的波长范围的透射率、反射率,分别用JIS R3106(1998年)以及JIS R3212(1998年)所规定的计算式算出的值。本说明书中,在没有特别限定的范围内,太阳辐射透射率、太阳辐射反射率以及可见光透射率是指用上述的方法测定、算出的太阳辐射透射率(Te)、太阳辐射反射率(Re)以及可见光透射率(Tv)。
此外,夹层玻璃在用于挡风玻璃以外的后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃、天窗玻璃等车辆用窗玻璃的情况下,根据各窗玻璃所要求的光学特性调整穿透区域10y的特性即可。另外,在任一个窗玻璃中,避光区域10x中的可见光透射率都在3%以下。
光学开口部4中,可见光透射率(Tv)、太阳辐射透射率(Te)、太阳辐射反射率(Re)和雾度值没有特别限制,可如上所述与穿透区域10y相同。此处,光学开口部4中,红外线透射率、具体而言通过分光光度计等测定的对600~1100nm的波长的光的平均透射率优选30%以上,更优选40%以上。
上述红外线透射率是光学开口部4所要求的特性。因此,根据这样的光学开口部4所要求的特性,可仅将穿透区域10y的光学开口部4改变为与光学开口部4以外的区域不同的特性。例如,后述的穿透区域10y的中间粘接层3A的构成材料可适当地仅将光学开口部4的区域改变为与光学开口部4以外的区域的材料不同的材料。具体而言,可将与光学开口部4对应处的中间粘接层3A置换为对光学开口部4以外的区域而言另外的其它的中间粘接层。
在设置于车内的信息获得装置进行信号的收发时,光学开口部4以该信号实际穿透的信号穿透区域的整个区域包含在该区域内的方式设置。光学开口部4的大小优选设计为光学开口部4的外周和信号穿透区域的外周的距离最短处在1mm以上、最长处在10mm以下。
本发明的车辆用夹层玻璃中,构成光学开口部和边界的避光区域通过中间粘接膜的避光区域而形成,因此光学开口部和避光区域的边界几乎没有形变。因此,光学开口部的形成区域可以与信号穿透区域一致。但是,在由于信息获得装置的安装位置的偏离等而导致信号穿透区域从设计的位置偏离的情况下,或光学开口部的形成位置从设计的位置偏离的情况下等,有发生信号的收发不良的可能。因此,光学开口部和信号穿透区域的优选大小以及位置如上所述。
此外,信息获得装置例如能够安装在车内侧的玻璃板的车内侧的主面的规定区域中。夹层玻璃10A中,信息获得装置的安装区域可设于图1中用虚线包围的安装区域A。安装区域A可设于在正视图中从光学开口部的外缘到外侧的避光区域10x内。信息获得装置是将照相机或传感器等光学设备收纳在筐体内而构成的,通常,在将照相机或传感器等光学设备的位置对准与光学开口部4对应的位置后,介由粘接剂等将筐体安装于安装区域A。
以下,对夹层玻璃10A的各构成要素进行说明。
[玻璃板]
玻璃板1、2的厚度根据其组成、中间粘接膜3A的组成、夹层玻璃10A的用途而不同,但通常为0.1~10mm。
玻璃板1、2中的为车内侧的玻璃板2的厚度优选0.5~2.0mm,更优选0.7~1.8mm。为车外侧的玻璃板1的厚度由于耐飞石冲击性良好,优选1.6mm以上。两者的厚度差优选0.3~1.5mm,更优选0.5~1.3mm。为车外侧的玻璃板1的厚度优选1.6~2.5mm,更优选1.7~2.1mm。如果玻璃板的板厚薄,则在设有陶瓷避光层的附近透视像的形变变得更容易发生,因此可进一步发挥本发明的效果。因此,从轻量化的考虑出发,玻璃板1和玻璃板2的板厚的总计优选4.1mm以下,更优选3.8mm以下,进一步优选3.6mm以下。
玻璃板1、2可由无机玻璃、有机玻璃(树脂)构成。作为无机玻璃,可例举通常的钠钙玻璃(也称为钠钙硅酸盐玻璃)、铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、无碱玻璃、石英玻璃等。在这些中特别优选钠钙玻璃。作为无机玻璃,例如可例举通过浮法等成形的浮法玻璃。作为无机玻璃,还可使用实施了风冷强化、化学强化等强化处理者。
作为有机玻璃(树脂),可例举聚碳酸酯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、芳香族聚酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、聚酯树脂、聚芳酯树脂、卤代双酚A和乙二醇的缩聚物、丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂、含有卤代芳基的丙烯酸树脂等。其中,优选芳香族类聚碳酸酯树脂等聚碳酸酯树脂及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯类丙烯酸树脂等丙烯酸树脂,更优选聚碳酸酯树脂。还有,聚碳酸酯树脂中,特别优选双酚A类聚碳酸酯树脂。另外,上述树脂也可并用2种以上。
玻璃也可含有红外线吸收剂、紫外线吸收剂等。作为这样的玻璃,可例举绿玻璃、紫外线吸收(UV)绿玻璃等。另外,UV绿玻璃含有68质量%以上74质量%以下的SiO2,0.3质量%以上1.0质量%以下的Fe2O3,且0.05质量%以上0.5质量%以下的FeO,波长350nm的紫外线透射率在1.5%以下,在550nm以上1700nm以下的区域中具有透射率的极小值。
玻璃可以是透明的,也可以是无色、有色的。此外,玻璃也可以是2层以上层叠而成的。根据适用处所而不同,但优选无机玻璃。
玻璃板1、2的材质可相同或不同,但优选相同。玻璃板1、2的形状可以是平板,也可以整面或一部分具有曲率。也可对玻璃板1、2的暴露于大气中的表面实施赋予拒水功能、亲水功能、防雾功能等的涂覆。此外,也可对玻璃板1、2的相向面实施包括低放射性涂覆、红外线避光涂覆、导电性涂覆等通常包括金属层的涂覆。
另外,在车内侧的玻璃板2的车内侧的主面中,优选在包括光学开口部4的光学开口部4附近具有能够通电的导电层。另外,导电层也可设于玻璃板2的车外侧的主面或、玻璃板1的车内侧的主面。导电层例如由银糊料烧成膜构成。导电层在形成于光学开口部4的区域内的情况下,优选以不妨碍信号的穿透的方式形成为线状。导电层例如能够通过将2个端部与外部电源连接,在处于外温低、夹层玻璃10A容易起雾的环境下的情况下,通过通电进行加热、抑制光学开口部4起雾。
[中间粘接膜]
中间粘接膜3A是对玻璃板1、2的相互相向的主面的整面进行粘接的粘接膜。中间粘接膜3A由以上说明的平面形状的穿透区域3y和避光区域3x构成。
穿透区域3y由包括通常的夹层玻璃的中间粘接膜中使用的热塑性树脂的透明中间膜31构成。对热塑性树脂的种类没有特别限制,可从公知的构成中间粘接膜的热塑性树脂中适当选择。
作为热塑性树脂,可例举聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)等聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)、饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物树脂、环烯烃聚合物(COP)等。热塑性树脂可以单独或并用2种以上。透明中间膜31作为主要成分含有热塑性树脂,根据需要进一步含有增塑剂。
热塑性树脂考虑透明中间膜31所要求的玻璃化温度、透明性、耐候性、粘接力、耐贯穿性、冲击能量吸收性、耐湿性、隔热性等诸性能的平衡来选择。透明中间膜31的玻璃化温度例如可通过热塑性树脂的种类、增塑剂量来调整。如果考虑到上述诸性能的平衡,透明中间膜31中使用的热塑性树脂优选PVB、EVA、聚氨酯树脂等。
透明中间膜31可在热塑性树脂、增塑剂以外,含有红外线吸收剂、紫外线吸收剂、荧光剂、粘接性调整剂、偶联剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、脱水剂、消泡剂、抗静电剂、阻燃剂等各种添加剂的1种或2种以上。
为了将夹层玻璃10A的避光区域10x中的可见光透射率设为3%以下,中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x具有3%以下的可见光透射率。夹层玻璃10A中,避光区域3x设于设有以往的陶瓷避光层的全部区域。因此,夹层玻璃10A是不具有以往的陶瓷避光层的构成。另外,本发明的夹层玻璃中,也可将中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x和以往的陶瓷避光层组合使用。但是,在进行组合的情况下,如后述的其它例中那样,陶瓷避光层以与光学开口部4不邻接的方式设置。
避光区域3x例如通过在中间粘接膜3A的该区域中设置着色中间膜34、以使避光区域10x中可见光透射率在3%以下的方式形成。
着色中间膜34可通过对构成穿透区域3y的透明中间膜31的构成材料进行着色来制造。具体而言,可通过使包括主要构成上述透明中间膜31的热塑性树脂的组合物中含有着色剂,得到着色中间膜34。着色中间膜34也可含有用于调整玻璃化温度的增塑剂。
作为着色剂,只要是使可见光透射率下降者则没有特别限制,可例举染料、无机颜料、有机颜料等。在这些中,从长期使用导致的退色的可能性少的方面出发,优选无机颜料或有机颜料,从耐光性优良的方面出发优选无机颜料。
作为有机颜料,可例举苯胺黑等黑色颜料、茜素色淀(日文:アリザリンレーキ)等红色颜料等。作为无机颜料,可例举碳类颜料、金属氧化物类颜料。例如,炭黑、象牙黑(日文:アイボリーブラック)、火星黑(日文:マルスブラック)、桃黑(日文:ピーチブラック)、灯黑(日文:ランプブラック)、磁铁矿型四氧化三铁等黑色颜料,棕土(日文:アンバー)、煅棕土(日文:バートンアンバー)、黄赭石(日文:イエローウォーカー)、氧化铁棕(日文:ヴァンダイクブラウン)、黄土(日文:シェンナ)、煅黄土(日文:バートンシェンナ)等褐色颜料,红色氧化铁、钼红、镉红等红色颜料,铬橙(日文:赤口黄鉛)、铬朱红色(日文:クロムバーミリオン)等橙色颜料,群青、普鲁士蓝、钴蓝、蔚蓝(日文:セルリアンブルー)等蓝色颜料,氧化铬、铬绿(日文:ピリジアン)、鲜绿(日文:エメラルドグリーン)、锌绿色(日文:コバルトグリーン)等绿色颜料,铬黄(日文:黄鉛)、镉黄、黄色氧化铁、钛黄等黄色颜料,锰紫、矿物紫(日文:ミネラルバイオレット)等紫色颜料等。这些着色剂可将1种或2种以上组合使用。
着色剂的掺合量设为通过避光区域3x、使避光区域10x的可见光透射率达到3%以下的量。着色中间膜34进一步可含有红外线吸收剂、紫外线吸收剂、荧光剂、粘接性调整剂、偶联剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、脱水剂、消泡剂、抗静电剂、阻燃剂等各种添加剂的1种或2种以上。
着色中间膜34可用在透明中间膜的表面上用暗色形成印刷层、制成着色中间膜34的方法来制造。暗色的印刷层的形成方法可采用通常的、对树脂基材使用有色的材料的印刷方法。作为有色的材料,可例举与上述着色剂相同的有机颜料或无机颜料。另外,该情况下的印刷层由于不需要像陶瓷避光层那样的玻璃的软化点附近的温度下的耐久性,因此例如能够使用包括炭黑的有机颜料。印刷层的厚度只要是使避光区域10x的可见光透射率达到3%以下的厚度即可,可以设为大致3~10μm。
中间粘接膜3A的膜厚从确保耐贯穿性、夹层玻璃的重量限制、确保操作性的观点出发,可设为0.5~3.0mm左右。中间粘接膜3A优选以避光区域3x与穿透区域3y的膜厚相同的方式形成。
避光区域3x可以是避光膜被夹持于1对透明中间粘接层之间的构成。图3表示夹层玻璃10A中,中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x为避光膜6被夹持在1对透明中间粘接层32、33之间的变形例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。图3所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,在中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x以外,可设为与图1、2所示的夹层玻璃10A相同的构成。
作为避光膜6,可例举避光聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜、避光聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)膜、避光聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)膜等。作为避光膜6的膜厚,根据所使用的避光膜,设为通过得到的避光区域3x、使避光区域10x的可见光透射率达到3%以下的膜厚。透明中间粘接层32、33除了构成和膜厚以外,可以与透明中间膜31相同。透明中间粘接层32、33的膜厚优选以使透明中间粘接层32、33与避光膜6的膜厚与透明中间膜31的膜厚相同的方式进行调整。
此外,上述中,根据需要,也可不设置透明中间粘接层32或透明中间粘接层33,通过在透明中间粘接层33和玻璃板2之间、或玻璃板1和透明中间粘接层32之间挟持避光膜6的构成,来构成避光区域3x。而且,也可不设置透明中间粘接层32、33,仅由避光膜6构成避光区域3x。
构成中间粘接膜3A的穿透区域3y的透明中间膜不限于图1、2所示的透明中间膜31那样的单层构造。例如,可将层叠透明中间粘接层后的多层膜作为构成穿透区域3y的透明中间膜使用,在该情况下,例如可将层叠玻璃化温度的不同的透明中间粘接层后具有隔音性的多层膜作为构成穿透区域3y的透明中间膜使用。图4表示夹层玻璃10A中,中间粘接膜3A的穿透区域3y为由玻璃化温度不同的3层透明中间粘接层35、36、37构成的变形例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。另外,图4所示的夹层玻璃10A中从玻璃板2侧起依次层叠有透明中间粘接层35、36、37。图4所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,在中间粘接膜3A的穿透区域3y以外,可设为与图1、2所示的夹层玻璃10A相同的构成。
图4所示的变形例的中间粘接膜3A中的穿透区域3y的透明中间粘接层35、36、37的构成例如可例举将透明中间粘接层36设为玻璃化温度低于15℃的芯层、将透明中间粘接层35、37设为玻璃化温度在15℃以上的表皮层的构成。
此处,本说明书中的玻璃化温度是指在频率1Hz、动态剪切形变0.015%、升温速度:3℃/分、测定温度范围:-40℃~80℃的条件下,通过动态粘弹性试验测定标本的tanδ(损耗模量/储能模量)的温度依赖性时的tanδ的峰值温度。
tanδ可如下测定,例如准备成形为厚度0.6mm、直径12mm的圆盘状的标本,将该标本在上述条件之下使用测定夹具:平行板(直径12mm)、置于动态粘弹性测定装置来测定。作为动态粘弹性测定装置,例如可例举安东帕公司制旋转式流变仪MCR301。
图4所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,避光区域3x是着色中间膜34的单层构造。如果设为这样的构成,可抑制多层膜的端部中容易发生的发泡,因而优选。
而且,也可将图4所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例的、中间粘接膜3A中的避光区域3x设为多层膜的构成。在该情况下,例如,避光区域3x的多层膜的至少一层中具有规定的避光性即可。夹层玻璃10A中,将避光区域3x设为多层膜的变形例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图示于图5A。图5A所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,避光区域3x以外的构成与图4所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例相同。
图5A所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,避光区域3x为仅将穿透区域3y的玻璃板1侧的透明中间粘接层37置换为着色中间膜34的构成。这样,在避光区域3x为仅穿透区域3y的多层膜中的1层置换为着色中间膜34的构成的情况下,将着色剂的掺合量调整为仅用该1层着色中间膜34、通过避光区域3x使避光区域10x的可见光透射率达到3%以下。此处,置换透明中间粘接层37的着色中间膜34从隔音性的方面出发优选玻璃化温度与透明中间粘接层37相同。
图5A所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,被着色中间膜34置换的层可以是透明中间粘接层35也可以是透明中间粘接层36。而且,可以是这3层中的任2层、或3层全部被置换的构成。在设有多层着色中间膜34的情况下,以可通过避光区域3x、使避光区域10x的可见光透射率达到3%以下的方式调整各层的着色剂的掺合量。另外,在设有多层着色中间膜34的情况下,各着色中间膜34中的着色剂的掺合量可相同或不同。此外,与透明中间粘接层37的情况相同,优选置换透明中间粘接层35的着色中间膜34的玻璃化温度与透明中间粘接层35相同、置换透明中间粘接层36的着色中间膜34的玻璃化温度与透明中间粘接层36相同。
中间粘接膜可以是具有透明中间膜和着色中间膜的构成;所述透明中间膜是具有与夹层玻璃的平面形状大致一致的平面形状的透明中间膜;所述着色中间膜是相对于该透明中间膜、仅层叠于与中间粘接膜的避光区域3x对应的区域的厚度薄的着色中间膜。在该情况下,透明中间膜的没有层叠着色中间膜的区域是穿透区域3y。透明中间膜可以如图1、2所示是透明中间膜那样的单层膜,也可以是如图4所示是层叠有透明中间粘接层的多层膜。图5B表示夹层玻璃10A中,中间粘接膜3A设为仅在具有与夹层玻璃的平面形状大致一致的平面形状的透明中间膜的避光区域3x中层叠有薄的着色中间膜的构成的变形例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。
图5B中,中间粘接膜3A具有从玻璃板2侧起依次层叠有透明中间粘接层35、36、37的构成的透明中间膜。透明中间粘接层35、36、37除了平面形状与夹层玻璃的平面形状大致一致以外,可与图4所示的透明中间粘接层35、36、37相同。图5B中,中间粘接膜3A在成为透明中间粘接层37的玻璃板1侧的主面上的避光区域3x的区域中具有着色中间膜34。另外,着色中间膜34也可设于成为透明中间粘接层35的玻璃板2侧的主面上的避光区域3x的区域来代替设于透明中间粘接层37上。
着色中间膜34例如可与图5A中的着色中间膜34相同,在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)等聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)、饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物树脂、环烯烃聚合物(COP)等热塑性树脂组合物中分散无机颜料、有机颜料等着色剂而得。作为可分散着色剂、制成着色中间膜34的热塑性树脂膜,可采用日本专利特开2014-156390号公报公开的膜A。着色中间膜34中,以可通过避光区域3x、使避光区域10x的可见光透射率达到3%以下的方式调整着色剂的掺合量。
透明中间粘接层35、36、37合计的透明中间膜的厚度如上所述优选0.5~3.0mm左右。与此相对,着色中间膜34的厚度优选20~80μm。如果着色中间膜34的厚度在该范围内,则膜的操作性优良、并且可使夹层玻璃制造的脱气性也良好。即,如图5B所示,可得到消除了透明中间膜的具有和不具有着色中间膜34的区域的边界的阶差后的夹层玻璃10A。
图5C表示图5B所示的夹层玻璃10A中,着色中间膜34用暗色在透明中间膜的表面形成印刷层、制成着色中间膜34的变形例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。图5D表示图5C所示的夹层玻璃10A的中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x的扩大剖面图。
图5C以及图5D所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,着色中间膜34的构成以外,与图5B所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例相同。图5C以及图5D所示的着色中间膜34是在透明中间膜34a形成有印刷层34b的构成。透明中间膜34a可用与图1、2所示的透明中间膜31相同的材料构成,可使用日本专利特开2014-156390号公报中公开的膜A。印刷层34b可与以上说明的印刷层相同。透明中间膜34a的厚度优选20~80μm,印刷层34b的厚度优选3~10μm。如果透明中间膜34a以及印刷层34b的厚度在该范围内,则膜的操作性优良、并且可使夹层玻璃制造的脱气性也良好。另外,如图5C以及图5D所示,着色中间膜34中印刷层34b优选与玻璃板1的车内侧面不相接的构成,即,透明中间膜34a与玻璃板1相接的构成。通过设为这样的构成,可确保中间粘接膜3A与玻璃板1的粘接性良好。
另外,图5C所示的着色中间膜34中,在透明中间膜34a的整面形成有印刷层34b。即,透明中间膜34a与印刷层34b的正视图中的形状一致。着色中间膜34中,不限于该构成,在印刷层34b的形成区域与中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x的区域一致的范围内,透明中间膜34a的形成区域可以比印刷层34b的形成区域大。例如,在图5E中上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图所表示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中,着色中间膜34中,透明中间膜34a是相对于印刷层34b、在夹层玻璃10A的中央部延伸存在的构成。如果着色中间膜34中占厚度的大部分的透明中间膜34a的端部在光学开口部4附近,则由于其影响,有在光学开口部4附近发生形变的可能性。通过图5E所示的着色中间膜34的构成,可使透明中间膜34a的端部与光学开口部4仅距离规定距离,可防止对照相机或传感器等光学设备的影响。
夹层玻璃10A有时在玻璃板1的车内面侧具备红外线避光涂层。作为图5E所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例,图5F示出了在玻璃板1的车内面侧中作为红外线避光涂层具有红外线反射膜7的情况下的例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。图5F所示的夹层玻璃10A除了在玻璃板1的车内面侧具有红外线反射膜7以外,与图5E所示的夹层玻璃10A相同。红外线反射膜7以在正面图中不与着色中间膜34的印刷层34b的形成区域重叠的方式、设于玻璃板1的车内面的大致整面上。如果红外线反射膜7的端部在印刷层34b的形成区域内,则有时损害美观性。此外,为了抑制来源于红外反射膜的形变的对光学开口部4的影响,红外反射膜7的端部和印刷层34b的端部的距离优选0mm以上5mm以内,进一步优选设为0mm以上3mm以内。
例如,在玻璃板1的车内侧面中同时形成陶瓷避光层和红外线反射层的情况下,陶瓷避光层和红外线反射层的形成方法以及形成工序不同,难以严格地将两层位置对准。但是,如图5F所示的夹层玻璃10A,在通过着色中间膜34的印刷层34b、形成夹层玻璃10A的避光区域10x的情况下,容易将印刷层34b和红外线反射膜7的位置对准。
在以上说明的透明中间膜34a上形成有印刷层34b的着色中间膜34中,印刷层34b也可以以圆点状被设于接近光学开口部4的区域。圆点图案可与后述的陶瓷避光层中的相同。图5G表示除了着色中间层34的印刷层34b部分地具有圆点图案、在玻璃板1的车内面侧具有红外线反射层7以外,与图5E所示的夹层玻璃10A相同的夹层玻璃10A的变形例的上部中央附近的上下方向的剖面图。图5G所示的夹层玻璃10A中,红外线反射层7的端部位于印刷层34b的圆点图案形成区域。
例如,在玻璃板1的车内侧面中,陶瓷避光层以圆点状形成于接近光学开口部4的区域,在与该圆点图案形成区域重叠、在玻璃板1上形成红外线反射层的情况下,重叠的部分的红外线反射层的显色不良,有时外观性、美观性下降。如图5G所示的夹层玻璃10A,通过在中间粘接膜3A所具有的印刷层34b上形成圆点图案来代替在玻璃板1上以圆点状形成陶瓷避光层,可改善上述的美观性的下降。
中间粘接膜3A在为图1、2所示的夹层玻璃10A的情况下,通过在成形为避光区域3x的形状的着色中间膜34的内侧嵌入成形为穿透区域3y的形状的透明中间膜31,以与通常的夹层玻璃相同的方法,使其夹持在玻璃板1、2之间即可。图3以及图4所示的变形例中,将避光区域3x和穿透区域3y分别成形后,将两者组合即可。
图5A所示的变形例中,例如,将透明中间粘接层35、36层叠后,在透明中间粘接层36上层叠构成避光区域3x的着色中间膜34、和填充避光区域3x以外的区域的透明中间粘接层37,制成中间粘接膜3A。
具体而言,制造用于形成透明中间粘接层35、36、37、着色中间膜34的各层的树脂片材。这些树脂片材设为例如可同时形成穿透区域3y以及避光区域3x两个区域的连续尺寸。另一方面,用于形成透明中间粘接层37的树脂片材设为仅形成穿透区域3y的尺寸。此外,用于形成着色中间膜34的树脂片材设为仅形成避光区域3x的尺寸。
图5B、图5C所示的变形例中,例如,作为可同时形成穿透区域3y以及避光区域3x两个区域的连续尺寸,对透明中间粘接层35、36、37进行层叠。在得到的层叠体的、透明中间粘接层37上层叠仅形成避光区域3x的尺寸的着色中间膜34。
各树脂片材可将具有适于各层的组成的树脂组合物成形为片材状来制造。成形条件可根据热塑性树脂的种类来适当选择。可以规定的顺序层叠这些树脂片材,在加压下进行加热来制造中间粘接膜3A。另外,中间粘接膜3A也可通过部分或全部共挤出来形成。
另外,中间粘接膜3A的穿透区域3y如上所述,仅光学开口部用红外线透射率高的透明中间膜进行置换即可。
中间粘接膜3A也可包括减少车辆的乘客的太阳光所导致的炫目的、所谓的阴影带层。阴影带层设于夹层玻璃10A安装在车辆时作为上边的边的周缘部。
此外,夹层玻璃10A中,在1对玻璃板1、2之间,也可设置中间粘接膜3A以外的功能膜。功能膜例如配置于构成中间粘接膜3A的层之间。作为功能膜,可例举红外线避光膜等。另外,在设置红外线避光膜的情况下,通常设于光学开口部以外的区域。
接着,对本发明的夹层玻璃中,将中间粘接膜的避光区域与设于玻璃板上的避光层进行组合来构成夹层玻璃的避光区域的例子进行说明。设于玻璃板上的避光层通常为陶瓷避光层,以下的例将避光层作为陶瓷避光层进行说明,但不限于此。此外,在以下的例中,避光层设于车内侧的玻璃板的车内侧的主面上,但避光层也可设于任一玻璃板的任一主面上。
图6是实施方式的夹层玻璃的一例的平面图。图6所示的夹层玻璃10B是适用挡风玻璃的车辆用夹层玻璃的例子,图6是从车内侧观察夹层玻璃10B的平面图。图7是图6所示的夹层玻璃10B的X-X线剖面图。图8是图6所示的夹层玻璃10B的上部中央附近的扩大平面图。图9是图8所示的夹层玻璃10B的上部中央附近的Y-Y线剖面图。图10A是图6所示的夹层玻璃10B的构成构件的平面图。
夹层玻璃10B除了具有与夹层玻璃10A中的中间粘接膜3A和穿透区域3y以及避光区域3x的形成区域不同的中间粘接膜3B,在车内侧的玻璃板2的车内侧的主面2a中具有陶瓷避光层5以外,是与夹层玻璃10A相同的构成。另外,图10A中,分别从车内侧观察,(a)是表示车外侧的玻璃板1的平面图,(b)是表示中间粘接膜3B的平面图,(c)是陶瓷避光层5形成于车内侧的主面的车内侧的玻璃板2的平面图。在以下的说明中,对于夹层玻璃10B的与夹层玻璃10A相同的构成,省略其说明。
夹层玻璃10B中的避光区域10x是中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x和陶瓷避光层5的形成区域合计的区域,与夹层玻璃10A的避光区域10x为大致相同的范围。除光学开口部4的整周的周围的一部分以外,避光区域3x设于光学开口部4的整周的周围。陶瓷避光层5以不包括光学开口部4、且不邻接光学开口部4的方式,以画框状设于玻璃板2的车内侧的主面2a的周缘部。
夹层玻璃10B中的避光区域10x中,中间粘接膜3B的仅与避光区域3x对应的区域、仅与陶瓷避光层5对应的区域、两者重叠的区域中的任一个均可见光透射率在3%以下,具有避光区域所要求的上述功能。
中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x如图8以及图10A(b)所示,是在正视图中上边与夹层玻璃10B的上边一致的、在大致梯形的下边具有凹部的形状。光学开口部4是3个边被避光区域3x所包围的梯形的穿透区域3y的一部分,光学开口部4以在其下边与穿透区域3y的光学开口部4以外的区域连接的方式构成。
另外,中间粘接膜3B如图10B所示,也可通过上述以外的构成来具有避光区域3x和穿透区域3y。图10B是图6~图10A所示的夹层玻璃10B中,除了中间粘接层B不同以外,相同的夹层玻璃10B的变形例中的中间粘接层B的构成构件的平面图。图10B(b)所示的中间粘接层B是将图10B(b1)所示的在透明中间膜34a上具有印刷层34b的着色中间膜34层叠在图10B(b2)所示的、从玻璃板2侧起依次层叠透明中间粘接层35、36、37而构成的透明中间膜30的透明中间粘接层37上而构成的。着色中间膜34以使印刷层34b位于构成避光区域3x的位置、且印刷层34b与透明中间粘接层37相接的方式层叠于透明中间膜30上。
层叠了透明中间膜34a上具有印刷层34b的着色中间膜34以及透明中间粘接层35、36、37的透明中间膜30是图5E所示的夹层玻璃10A的变形例中的除了中间粘接膜3A和印刷层34b的形成区域不同以外大致相同的构成,可以相同的方式制造。图10B(b1)所示的着色中间膜34中,除了光学开口部4的整周的周围的一部分,印刷层34b设于光学开口部4的整周的周围,在正视图中,为上边与夹层玻璃10B的上边一致、在大致梯形的下边具有凹部的形状。透明中间膜34a在正视图中是其外周位于比印刷层34b的外周更外侧的构成,形成为透明中间膜34a的外周(端部)不存在于光学开口部4内的尺寸。
夹层玻璃10B中的陶瓷避光层5如图8以及图10A(c)所示,在正视图中为了将其形成区域设为包括光学开口部4的外缘附近的形状,在上边中央附近的区域,设为宽度比上边的其他部分更宽。通过设为上述形状,陶瓷避光层5可具有安装信息获得装置的安装部A。通过在陶瓷避光层5上通过粘接剂等安装信息获得装置,可更牢固地进行信息获得装置的固定,因而优选。
夹层玻璃10B中,以中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x和陶瓷避光层5的形成区域具有重叠部分的方式形成。图7、8以及9中示出避光区域3x和陶瓷避光层5的重叠状态。避光区域3x和陶瓷避光层5的重叠宽度w1为了容易对准位置等优选1mm以上,更优选3mm以上。另一方面,光学开口部4和陶瓷避光层5的距离w2为了抑制陶瓷避光层5导致的对光学开口部4的形变的影响,优选3mm以上,更优选8mm以上,进一步优选20mm以上,特别优选30mm以上。
此外,为了满足这些条件,优选在光学开口部4的周围以宽度w至少为4mm以上的方式设置避光区域3x,更优选宽度w为8mm以上。
中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x和穿透区域3y除了与中间粘接膜3A中的避光区域3x和穿透区域3y形状不同以外,穿透区域其它可相同。中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x可通过着色中间膜34构成,穿透区域3y可通过透明中间膜31构成。此外,上述夹层玻璃10A所示的中间粘接膜3A的变形例也能够适用于中间粘接膜3B。
陶瓷避光层5可通过以往公知的方法形成于玻璃板2的车内面2a。陶瓷避光层5具体而言可通过对将耐热性黑色颜料的粉末与低熔点玻璃粉末一起加入树脂以及溶剂中进行混炼而成的黑色陶瓷糊料印刷等、在夹层玻璃板2的车内面2a的规定的区域中进行涂布,加热烧结来形成。此外,陶瓷避光层的形成所使用的黑色颜料中也可包含通过多种有色颜料的组合而成为黑色的颜料的组合。陶瓷避光层5的厚度优选8~20μm左右,更优选10~15μm。
陶瓷避光层5也可在接近光学开口部4的区域设为圆点状。圆点图案可采用以往公知的圆点图案。例如,圆点的形状不限于圆形,也可设为椭圆、长方形、多角形、星形等。此外,也可设为使圆点的部分透明、在其他部分中设置陶瓷避光层的圆点图案。通过以圆点图案设置陶瓷避光层5,可进一步减少陶瓷避光层5所导致的对光学开口部4的形变的影响。设置上述的圆点图案的区域优选设于陶瓷避光层5的从接近光学开口部4的端部其宽度10mm以上的区域,更优选宽度20mm以上的区域,进一步优选宽度30mm以上的区域。
在具有中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x和陶瓷避光层5的夹层玻璃10B中,中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x的平面形状不限于图8所示的形状。图11表示夹层玻璃10B中,夹层玻璃10B与中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x的形状不同的变形例的上部中央附近的扩大平面图。图11所示的变形例是中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x形成于围绕光学开口部4的有限的范围内的例子。中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x的形成区域可根据作为夹层玻璃10B所要求的避光区域10x的区域,在与陶瓷避光层5的形成区域的组合中适当选择。陶瓷避光层5的形成区域也相同。
夹层玻璃10B中的其它变形例的平面图示于图12。图12所示的夹层玻璃10B的变形例是具有2个光学开口部4的例子。该变形例中除了陶瓷避光层5的形成区域和中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x的形成区域不同以外,可与夹层玻璃10B的构成相同。
在图12所示的夹层玻璃10B的变形例中,陶瓷避光层5的形成区域是图12所示的区域,中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x例如能够在各个光学开口部4的周围形成为图8所示的形状或图11所示的形状。或者,避光区域3x也可以是连续设置这些而成的形状。在光学开口部4的数量在3个以上的情况下,也相同地,除了光学开口部4的周围的整周的一部分以外,至少在光学开口部4的周围设置中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x,除此以外的夹层玻璃10B用陶瓷避光层5形成所要求的避光区域10x即可。在任一情况下,中间粘接膜3B的避光区域3x和陶瓷避光层5的重叠宽度、陶瓷避光层5与光学开口部4的距离等都优选设为与上述相同的范围。
另外,夹层玻璃10A中,在光学开口部4为多个,例如,如图12所示的夹层玻璃10B的变形例那样具有2个的情况下,能够通过将中间粘接膜3A的避光区域3x形成为图12所示的夹层玻璃10B的变形例的避光区域10x的形状等来进行应对。
在夹层玻璃10A、10B具有隔音性的中间粘接膜3A、3B的情况下,其根据SAE J1400测定的吻合区域中的传声损失优选35dB以上,更优选42dB以上。如果传声损失在35dB以上,则可评价为隔音性优良。
夹层玻璃10A、10B可通过公知的方法制造。即,在夹层玻璃10A中,在1对玻璃板1、2之间配置中间粘接膜3A制成前体,将其插入橡胶袋那样的真空袋中。然后,通过一边减压一边在70~110℃下进行加热,利用中间粘接膜3A对1对玻璃板1、2进行粘接。然后,根据需要,作为压接处理进行加热加压。通过压接处理,可进一步提高耐久性。
此外,在夹层玻璃10B中,除了在夹层玻璃10A的制造方法中,作为玻璃板2使用在玻璃板2的一个主面上预先通过上述的方法形成有陶瓷避光层5的带陶瓷避光层5的玻璃板2、使用中间粘接膜3B来代替中间粘接膜3A、以使陶瓷避光层5在中间粘接膜3B的反对侧的方式层叠带陶瓷避光层5的玻璃板2以外,可以与上述夹层玻璃10A相同的方法进行制造。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。还有,本发明并不局限于以下所说明的实施例。以下的实施例1以及比较例1中,制造在图13中表示的平面图的、具有穿透区域50y和避光区域50x的夹层玻璃50。实施例1中通过中间膜构成避光区域50x,比较例1中通过陶瓷避光层构成避光区域50x。
[实施例1]
作为中间膜,准备具有与夹层玻璃50的穿透区域50y对应的穿透区域,和与夹层玻璃50的避光区域50x对应、具有3%以下的可见光透射率的避光区域者。
穿透区域所使用的中间膜设为以从车外侧依次具有第一表皮层(厚度0.33mm)、芯层(厚度0.1mm)、第二表皮层(厚度0.33mm)者。
另外,各表皮层的组成相同,均由PVB(玻璃化温度:30℃)构成。此外,芯层由PVB(玻璃化温度:3℃)构成。表皮层、芯层均将由PVB构成的树脂片材层叠来形成。合计的厚度为0.76mm。
避光区域所使用的中间膜是单层的构造,设为含有PVB(玻璃化温度:30℃)和着色剂者。作为着色剂,使用炭黑。着色剂的含量为PVB以及着色剂的合计中设为0.1质量%,厚度设为0.76mm。
另外,中间膜如下制造。首先,准备具有宽1500mm、长1000mm的尺寸的穿透区域用中间膜,从长边侧中央切出相当于图13所示的形状的避光区域的部分。接着,切出具有和与切出的避光区域相当的部分相同的尺寸的避光区域用中间膜,通过嵌入前述的穿透区域用中间膜中,形成周边的一部分被含有着色剂的避光中间膜包围的光学开口部。该工序进一步挖出避光区域用中间膜的内部,与其它的通过嵌入穿透区域用中间膜、在光学开口部周边整体中配置避光区域用中间膜的工序相比,可大幅提高生产性。
之后,使用热压成形机进行加压,藉此制造中间膜。加压条件设为150℃、300秒、加压压力50kg/cm2。另外,上述的各层的厚度是加压后的厚度。
接着,在成为车外侧的玻璃板(厚度2.0mm)和成为车内侧的玻璃板(厚度2.0mm)之间配置中间膜,制成层叠体。车外侧以及车内侧的玻璃板均由钠钙玻璃构成,制成1500×1000mm的尺寸。
之后,将层叠体放入真空袋,一边进行脱气使真空袋内达到-60kPa以下的减压度一边加热到110℃,进行压接。进一步,在温度140℃、压力1.3MPa的条件下进行压接。藉此制造了一对玻璃板夹持具有穿透区域和避光区域的中间膜的夹层玻璃50。
[比较例1]
作为中间膜,在使用整体具有与实施例1的穿透区域相同的层叠构造者,即仅由穿透区域构成的中间膜的同时,除了成为车内侧的玻璃板的车内侧表面上设置与实施例1所使用的中间膜的避光区域相同形状、即与夹层玻璃50的避光区域50x对应的形状的陶瓷避光层以外,以与实施例1相同的方式制造夹层玻璃50。
另外,陶瓷避光层在成为车内侧的玻璃板上涂布陶瓷糊料,烧结形成。陶瓷糊料中使用颜料和玻璃料,在相当于实施例1的避光区域的部分上通过丝网印刷进行涂布。此外,烧结通过800℃的条件进行。
接着,对实施例1以及比较例1的夹层玻璃如下评价了透射像的形变。首先,如图14所示,在将夹层玻璃以与安装于汽车时相同的角度倾斜配置的同时,在其车外侧配置斑马图案60。斑马图案60是在白底上设有多个黑线61的图案。黑线61以相对于斑马图案60的下边为45度的角度、且相互平行的方式设置。
图15A是表示从夹层玻璃50的车内侧观察到斑马图案60的例子。另外,图15A表示图13的夹层玻璃50中用虚线包围的附近扩大,显示斑马图案60中发生形变的状态。此处,夹层玻璃50具有穿透区域50y和避光区域50x。在实施例1的情况下,穿透区域50y是中间膜的穿透区域所在的部分,在比较例1的情况下,穿透区域50y是没有设置陶瓷避光层的部分。另一方面,在实施例1的情况下,避光区域50x是中间膜的避光区域所在的部分,在比较例1的情况下,避光区域50x是设有陶瓷避光层的部分。
通常,如图所示,观察到在穿透区域50y和避光区域50x的边界51附近,斑马图案60的黑线61弯曲。因此,将黑线61的左边延长而得的延长线L与边界51相交的位置和实际上黑线61与边界51相交的位置的距离作为形变(W)进行评价。
其结果是,发现比较例1的夹层玻璃形变(W)大至7mm。另一方面,发现实施例1的夹层玻璃如图15B所示,形变(W)抑制为0mm,即,黑线61没有形变、可观察到直线。认为这样的区别是形成陶瓷避光层时的烧结引起的。认为由于实施例1的夹层玻璃不需要进行烧结,因此抑制了形变的发生。
符号说明
10A、10B、50…夹层玻璃,1、2…玻璃板,3A、3B…中间粘接膜,31…透明中间膜,34…着色中间膜,32、33、35、36、37…透明中间粘接层,3y…中间粘接膜的穿透区域,3x…中间粘接膜的避光区域,4…光学开口部,5…陶瓷避光层,6…避光膜,10y、50y…夹层玻璃的穿透区域,10x、50x…夹层玻璃的避光区域,51…边界,60…斑马图案,61…黑线。
Claims (9)
1.一种车辆用夹层玻璃,其是具有1对玻璃板、和在所述1对玻璃板之间的中间粘接膜的车辆用夹层玻璃,
其特征在于,所述中间粘接膜具有包含光学开口部的连续的一个穿透区域、和设于所述光学开口部的整周的周围的除该光学开口部的一部分以外的避光区域,所述光学开口部用于收发信息获得装置的光信号,所述信息获得装置配置于车内且与车外进行所述光信号的收发,
与所述中间粘接膜的避光区域对应的所述车辆用夹层玻璃的避光区域的可见光透射率在3%以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述中间粘接膜的避光区域由着色的中间粘接膜构成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述中间粘接膜的避光区域具有在1对透明中间粘接层之间挟持了避光膜的构成。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述车辆用夹层玻璃在所述玻璃板的任一主面的周缘部,具有以不与所述光学开口部邻接的方式设置的陶瓷避光层。
5.如权利要求4所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述陶瓷避光层设于所述玻璃板中的位于车内侧的玻璃板的车内侧的主面,在所述光学开口部的外缘附近具有安装所述信息获得装置的安装部。
6.如权利要求5所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述陶瓷避光层以圆点状设于接近所述光学开口部的区域。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,具有多个所述光学开口部。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,在包括所述光学开口部的所述光学开口部附近具有能够通电的导电层。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆用夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述中间粘接膜的穿透区域由具有隔音性的3层以上的多层膜构成。
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