CN109293194B - 一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN109293194B
CN109293194B CN201811145994.0A CN201811145994A CN109293194B CN 109293194 B CN109293194 B CN 109293194B CN 201811145994 A CN201811145994 A CN 201811145994A CN 109293194 B CN109293194 B CN 109293194B
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sludge
slag
roller
dust
drying
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CN109293194A (zh
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王英杰
肖永力
李永谦
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Priority to EP19866463.3A priority patent/EP3858792B1/en
Priority to KR1020217011900A priority patent/KR20210059774A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2019/108152 priority patent/WO2020063745A1/zh
Priority to JP2021516959A priority patent/JP7190560B2/ja
Priority to US17/278,435 priority patent/US11891318B2/en
Priority to BR112021004122-2A priority patent/BR112021004122A2/pt
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Abstract

一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法及装置，该方法包括如下步骤：1)滚筒渣泥混合干化，熔渣和污泥分别按比例被送进滚筒，在滚筒和钢球滚动的作用下完成混合、换热、脱水、冷却和破碎，熔渣和污泥实现冷却和干化并直接排出；2)渣泥分离，采用筛分、旋分结合方式，实现钢渣和干污泥分离；3)尾气处理，采用湿法碱洗、活性炭吸附方法，将干化污泥所产生的尾气中存在粉尘、硫化物、有机化合物处理后排放；4)尾泥处理，熔渣和污泥经过滚筒处理后产生的蒸汽和粉尘，粉尘由蒸汽携带进入尾气处理装置中，粉尘经湿法洗涤或喷淋后聚集，然后经由输送设备送入尾泥混配装置中，与原始污泥混合搅拌后，送入滚筒进行干化处理，进而实现未干化污泥零排放。

Description

一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及固废处理/污泥干化技术，特别涉及一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法及装置。
背景技术
随着经济发展和城市人口的迅速增长，工业和城市污水的处理率不断提高，污水处理厂的污泥数量与日俱增，污泥处置技术相对落后，污泥围城的现象越来越严重，污泥干化是实现污泥无害化、减量化和资源化的必要环节。从污水处理厂出来的污泥通过机械脱水，含水率一般在75％-85％之间，如果将污泥的含水率降到20％以下，常规的污泥干化技术通常是采用电加热或蒸汽加热的方式，需要消耗大量能源，导致污泥干化成本高企。
同时，我国作为钢铁大国，年产钢接近10亿吨，每年产生的钢铁渣超过2亿吨，每吨炉渣蕴含的热能相当于60公斤标煤，由于炉渣是热的不良导体，炉渣的余热回收进展缓慢，现有的渣处理都是采用水淬工艺，巨量热能白白浪费。为了解决传统污泥干化成本高从而影响污泥处置，而钢铁渣余热又无法有效利用的难题，提出了利用冶金熔渣余热干化污泥的工艺路线和实施方法。
现有污泥干化技术如中国专利CN200510048978.6利用锅炉余热，CN200510049554.1和中国专利CN200510049556.0利用电厂烟气余热，中国专利CN200410052759.0公开的一种回流式可控温污泥干化装置与方法，它是用粒径大于4毫米的干化污泥回流与湿污泥混合，利用钢丝网将污泥切割成较小的块体后进入回转窑，可提高后续热风烘干的效率，但污泥含水率过高是无法实现的。中国专利CN03155966.2公开的采用负压密闭方式，在切断了污泥处理过程中所产生的各种病毒向外传播与蔓延渠道的同时，也可避免系统在移动过程中系统空间的污染空气及所带的病毒向外界泄漏传播，但由于所有工艺装置均集中在移动设备中，其处理能力必定相对较低，无法实现连续化作业。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法及装置，利用热态渣滚筒处理技术，将熔渣与污泥按一定比例混合，进而实现一步解决熔渣冷却粒化和无机污泥干化两个难题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)滚筒渣泥混合干化
熔渣和污泥分别由各自的输送装置按一定的流量比例被送进滚筒，熔渣、污泥在滚筒转动和钢球滚动的作用下完成混合、换热、脱水、冷却和破碎，熔渣和污泥实现冷却和干化并直接排出；
无机污泥原始含水率为70％～99％，干化后目标含水率为3％～15％；
熔渣与无机污泥的渣泥流量比为1.5～3.0，可干化无机污泥的流量为10t/h～80t/h；
2)渣泥分离
采用筛分和旋分相结合的方式，实现钢渣和干污泥的分离；
3)尾气处理
采用湿法碱洗、活性炭吸附方法，将滚筒法干化污泥所产生的尾气中存在粉尘、硫化物、有机化合物处理后排放；
4)尾泥处理
熔渣和污泥经过滚筒处理后产生的蒸汽和粉尘，粉尘由蒸汽携带进入尾气处理装置中，粉尘在尾气处理装置中，粉尘经湿法洗涤或喷淋后聚集，然后经由输送设备送入尾泥混配装置中，与原始污泥混合搅拌后，由污泥泵等输送设备定期送入滚筒进行干化处理，进而实现未干化污泥零排放；经混合搅拌后的尾泥含水率与无机污泥原始含水率不应相差过大，这个含水率偏差不应超过±5％。
优选的，步骤2)渣泥分离采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目。
本发明所述的滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的装置，其包括：滚筒，其内容纳若干钢球；渣泥输送装置，其进口端对应所述滚筒的出口；渣泥分离装置，其进口端对应所述渣泥输送装置的出口，其出口对应不同料仓；尾气处理装置，其进气口通过输送管道连接所述滚筒的出口；尾泥混配装置，其进口通过输送管道连接所述尾气处理装置的尘泥出口；尾泥混配装置出口通过泥浆输送管道及污泥泵连接至所述滚筒进口。
优选的，所述渣泥分离装置采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目。
本发明采用热态渣滚筒工艺，通过熔渣进料装置和污泥输送系统分别将熔渣和无机污泥按一定比例同步地输送至滚筒中，利用滚筒转动充分混合渣和泥，渣泥经过传质传热过程得到冷态粒渣和满足含水率要求的干化污泥。本发明装置可实现熔渣粒化和污泥干化的快速、稳定、连续化处理。
在本发明方法中：
(1)滚筒渣泥混合干化工艺
熔渣和污泥分别由各自的输送装置按一定的流量比例(渣泥流量比)被送进滚筒，滚筒中设置与滚筒空间相关的一定尺寸、一定数量的钢球。熔渣、污泥在滚筒转动和钢球滚动的作用下完成混合、换热、脱水、冷却和破碎等物理过程，进而实现熔渣冷却、粒化和满足污泥目标含水率的污泥直接干化过程。在整个干化过程中，熔渣和污泥经过几分钟的时间快速实现冷却和干化并直接排出。
一般地，熔渣进入滚筒的流量为30t/h～120t/h。无机污泥原始含水率(未经任何方式干化)为70％～99％，干化后目标含水率为3％～15％。
一般地，熔渣与无机污泥的渣泥流量比为1.5～3.0，本发明可干化无机污泥的流量为10t/h～80t/h。
(2)渣泥分离工艺
经过冷却和干化后的渣和泥是充分混合在一起的，需要一套渣泥分离工艺以利于后续资源化利用。一般地，钢渣和干化污泥在物理特性上是有较为明显区别的，主要体现在密度和粒径等方面有所差异，因此本发明采用筛分和旋分相结合的方式，实现钢渣和干污泥的分离。鉴于钢渣与干污泥平均粒径存在数量级的差距，本发明优选采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目，一般地筛网目数为80～100目。
(3)尾气处理工艺
滚筒法干化污泥所产生的尾气中存在粉尘、硫化物、有机化合物等对环境有所危害的物质，需经过环保处理才能排放。其尾气处理工艺包括湿法碱洗、活性炭吸附，以实现环保排放。
(4)尾泥处理工艺
熔渣和污泥经过滚筒处理后会产生大量的蒸汽和粉尘，粉尘由蒸汽携带进入尾气处理装置中。粉尘在尾气处理装置中，粉尘经湿法洗涤或喷淋后聚集，然后经由污泥泵等输送设备送入尾泥混配装置中，与原始污泥混合搅拌后，由污泥泵等输送设备定期送入滚筒进行干化处理，进而实现未干化污泥零排放。经混合搅拌后的尾泥含水率与原始污泥含水率不应相差过大，以免影响后续污泥输送、干化的效率。一般地，这个含水率偏差不应超过±5％。
本发明的有益效果：
与现有利用电厂等尾气热源干化污泥技术相比，本发明可根据不同需求(目标含水率)，高效利用了熔渣的高热量，实现了快速、稳定、连续的无机污泥直接干化、渣泥分离，有利于粒渣和泥粉后续资源化利用，提升了干污泥的附加值。本发明在工艺装备实现方面，利用处理热态钢渣的滚筒技术，结构简单，易操作。
附图说明
图1为本发明滚筒法无机污泥干化工艺的流程图。
图2为本发明滚筒法无机污泥干化装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，本发明一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)滚筒渣泥混合干化
熔渣和污泥分别由各自的输送装置按一定的流量比例被送进滚筒，熔渣、污泥在滚筒转动和钢球滚动的作用下完成混合、换热、脱水、冷却和破碎，熔渣和污泥实现冷却和干化并直接排出；无机污泥原始含水率为70％～99％，干化后目标含水率为3％～15％；熔渣与无机污泥的渣泥流量比为1.5～3.0，可干化无机污泥的流量为10t/h～80t/h
2)渣泥分离
采用筛分和旋分相结合的方式，实现钢渣和干污泥的分离；
3)尾气处理
采用湿法碱洗、活性炭吸附方法，将滚筒法干化污泥所产生的尾气中存在粉尘、硫化物、有机化合物处理后排放；
4)尾泥处理
熔渣和污泥经过滚筒处理后产生的蒸汽和粉尘，粉尘由蒸汽携带进入尾气处理装置中，粉尘在尾气处理装置中，粉尘经湿法洗涤或喷淋后聚集，然后经由输送设备送入尾泥混配装置中，与原始污泥混合搅拌后，由污泥泵等输送设备定期送入滚筒进行干化处理，进而实现未干化污泥零排放；经混合搅拌后的尾泥含水率与原始污泥含水率不应相差过大，这个含水率偏差不应超过±5％。
优选的，步骤2)渣泥分离采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目。
参见图2，本发明所述的滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的装置，其包括：滚筒1，其内容纳若干钢球；渣泥输送装置2，其进口端对应所述滚筒1的出口；渣泥分离装置3，其进口端对应所述渣泥输送装置2的出口，其出口对应不同料仓；尾气处理装置4，其进气口通过输送管道连接所述滚筒1的出口；尾泥混配装置5，其进口通过输送管道连接所述尾气处理装置4的尘泥出口；尾泥混配装置5出口通过泥浆输送管道及污泥泵连接至所述滚筒1进口。
优选的，所述渣泥分离装置采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目。
本发明采用热态渣滚筒工艺，通过熔渣进料装置和污泥输送系统分别将熔渣和无机污泥按一定比例同步地输送至滚筒中，利用滚筒转动充分混合渣和泥，渣泥经过传质传热过程得到冷态粒渣和满足含水率要求的干化污泥。本发明装置可实现熔渣粒化和污泥干化的快速、稳定、连续化处理。
工作过程如下：
冶金熔渣100首先由熔渣渣包被连续地送进转动的滚筒1，同时无机污泥由产生地经污泥输送装置按规定的流量被送进滚筒1，在滚筒1中的钢球和筒体共同作用下，熔渣和含水污泥充分混合，经过传热传质过程后，熔渣得到粒化，污泥完成脱水，然后渣泥200经由密封的渣泥输送装置2送入渣泥分离装置3进行处理，分离后的物料根据成分和分类进入不同料仓；在滚筒干化污泥过程中产生的废气由尾气处理装置4处理净化后达标排放；尾气处理装置4所产生的尘泥和尾泥混配装置5中沉积污泥经污泥输送泵被打入尾泥混配装置5入口，与污泥源产生的泥浆混合，经搅拌器搅拌均匀后按规定浓度由污泥泵打入泥浆输送管道，送入滚筒1中。
某钢厂滚筒法钢渣冷却和OG泥干化综合处理工艺，单台滚筒装置每年处理高温钢渣18万吨，在处理钢渣的过程中，将含水率95％的OG泥浆泵入滚筒装置内，利用OG泥浆的水分冷却高温钢渣，同时利用钢渣的显热干化污泥；设定污泥目标含水率为3％，渣/泥进入滚筒的流量比例为1.9:1.0，每年可干化OG泥9.5万吨；经过滚筒的冷却、脱水等快速处理后的渣泥(100-130℃)无需在滚筒中停留，被输送装置直接送入渣泥分离装置，污泥被干化到含水率3％左右，整个过程仅需要5min；充分换热后的滚筒钢渣和干化污泥从渣泥分离装置下部连续放出，经过筛分甚至旋分后的粒渣和泥粉分别送入不同料仓，等待卡车送至用户使用。

Claims (4)

1.一种滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤：
1）滚筒渣泥混合干化
熔渣和污泥分别由各自的输送装置按一定的流量比例被送进滚筒，熔渣、污泥在滚筒转动和钢球滚动的作用下完成混合、换热、脱水、冷却和破碎，熔渣和污泥实现冷却和干化并直接排出；其中，无机污泥原始含水率为70%~99%，干化后目标含水率为3%~15%；熔渣与无机污泥的渣泥流量比为1.5~3.0，可干化无机污泥的流量为10t/h~80t/h；
2）渣泥分离
采用筛分和旋分相结合的方式，实现钢渣和干污泥的分离；
3）尾气处理
采用湿法碱洗、活性炭吸附方法，将滚筒法干化污泥所产生的尾气中存在粉尘、硫化物、有机化合物处理后排放；
4）尾泥处理
熔渣和污泥经过滚筒处理后产生的蒸汽和粉尘，粉尘由蒸汽携带进入尾气处理装置中，粉尘在尾气处理装置中，粉尘经湿法洗涤或喷淋后聚集，然后经由输送设备送入尾泥混配装置中，与原始污泥混合搅拌后，由污泥泵定期送入滚筒进行干化处理，进而实现未干化污泥零排放；经混合搅拌后的尾泥含水率与无机污泥原始含水率原始污泥含水率不应相差过大，这个含水率偏差不应超过±5%。
2.如权利要求1所述的滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法，其特征是，步骤2）渣泥分离采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目。
3.如权利要求1所述的滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法的装置，其特征在于，包括：
滚筒，其容纳若干钢球；
渣泥输送装置，其进口端对应所述滚筒的出口；
渣泥分离装置，其进口端对应所述渣泥输送装置的出口，其出口对应不同料仓；
尾气处理装置，其进气口通过输送管道连接所述滚筒的出口；
尾泥混配装置，其进口通过输送管道连接所述尾气处理装置的尘泥出口；尾泥混配装置出口通过泥浆输送管道及污泥泵连接至所述滚筒进口。
4.如权利要求3所述的滚筒法直接干化无机污泥的方法的装置，其特征在于，所述渣泥分离装置采用筛分方式，筛网目数不小于60目。
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