CN109261197A - 一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/076—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法。首先采用盐酸溶液对粉煤灰进行预处理,将预处理的粉煤灰与NaOH在高温下热处理,晶化,制备粉煤灰分子筛;然后配制ZnO溶胶,通过浸渍法及热处理制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料,再通过离子交换法,制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS中间物,最后再采用离子交换法,制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3。本发明所获得的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3具有良好的氨氮去除性能。本发明提供的制备方法简单易操作,具有实际的可行性,且制备的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3成本低,无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知,我国是一个水资源匮乏的国家,人均水资源只占世界平均水平的1/4。中国水资源总量的1/3是地下水,据新华网报道,对118个城市连续监测数据显示,约64%的城市地下水遭受严重污染,33%的地下水受到轻度污染,基本清洁的地下水只有3%左右。据《2016年中国环境状况公报》,2016年,全国废水排放总量为849.2亿吨;化学需氧量排放量为2677.5万吨;氨氮排放量为315.7万吨。据统计,我国近年来氨氮的排放量逐年上升。适时研究开发“绿色”的去除氨氮的理论和工艺技术,对于解决我国日益严重的水污染和缺水的问题有着十分重要的意义。
使用无机天然矿物对废水进行吸附处理在近年来得到较为广泛的重视和研究,尤其是在使用沸石分子筛、硅藻土、膨润土等矿物经加工提纯后用于去除废水中的固体颗粒、重金属离子和许多有机污染物方面已经取得了许多研究成果,并有部分应用于各种废水的处理。应用天然矿物处理废水具有成本低廉、工艺简单、操作方便等优点。但研究发现,它们对深度脱除氨氮的处理效果并不好。
光催化技术是一种环境友好型催化技术,该方法是以TiO2等半导体材料为催化剂,在光照下半导体吸收能量等于或大于禁带宽度(Eg)的光子,将发生电子由价带向导带的跃迁,从而在价带生成空穴hVB +,在导带生成电子eCB -,这种光生电子—空穴对具有很强的还原和氧化活性,能将绝大多数有机物氧化,甚至对一些无机物也能彻底分解。但由于光催化剂的应用形式主要是纳米粉体状态,在连续工作的工程实践的应用中,存在回收难、费用高等不利因素,限制了在水处理方面的应用。分子筛因其特殊结构而具有比表面积大、化学性质稳定、吸附能力强等特点,可作为理想的催化剂载体。将TiO2等光催化剂负载于分子筛制备成可以悬浮于废水中而又可以顺利与水分离的高催化活性的光催化剂,并且将其应用于氨氮废水的深度处理,可以将氨氮氧化,而不是转移到其他地方,将是一个环保型的工艺技术。
粉煤灰是火力发电厂的主要废弃物,随着我国的能源工业稳步发展,发电能力年增长率为7.3%,电力工业的迅速发展,带来了粉煤灰排放量的急剧增加,燃煤热电厂每年所排放的粉煤灰总量逐年增加,2016年达到6.5亿吨,居世界首位。粉煤灰早在20世纪50年代就已经开始在建筑工程中作混凝土、砂浆的掺和料,在建筑工业中用来生产砖,在道路工程中作路面基层材料等,尤其在水电建设大坝工程中使用最多;20世纪60年代开始,粉煤灰利用重点转向墙体材料,研制生产粉煤灰密实砌块、墙板、粉煤灰烧结陶粒和粉煤灰粘土烧结砖等;20世纪70年代,国家为建材工业利用粉煤灰投资不少,而利用问题并没有得到解决;到20世纪80年代,国家把资源综合利用作为经济建设的一项重大经济技术政策,使粉煤灰综合利用得到了蓬勃的发展。经过多年的开发,粉煤灰在建材、回填、筑路、农业等各领域得到广泛的应用。但是与世界发达国家相比,我国目前粉煤灰资源化综合利用水平和利用率都还较低。因此,提高我国粉煤灰资源化利用水平,把粉煤灰作为高附加值加以利用,对实现资源的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
为了进一步提高粉煤灰的高附加值利用,改善传统光催化剂在氨氮废水处理过程中难回收等问题,本发明提出了一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:制备粉煤灰分子筛多孔材料
(1)粉煤灰预处理;
(2)制备粉煤灰分子筛。
步骤二:制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3
(1)制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料;
(2)制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3。
进一步的,所述步骤一中(1)的工艺参数为:用蒸馏水稀释浓盐酸,配制8.0mol/L-8.5mol/L的盐酸溶液,将粉煤灰按质量比10%-20%加入盐酸溶液中,在70℃-90℃下水浴加热搅拌2h-4h,然后再将酸处理过的粉煤灰球磨2h-4h,烘干,备用。
进一步的,所述步骤一中(2)的工艺参数为:将预处理的粉煤灰与NaOH按质量比为1:1.2-1:2.0的比例混合,以3℃/min-5℃/min的速度升温至700℃-850℃保温2h-4h,自然冷却至室温,再将上述混合物与蒸馏水按质量比1:10-1:15混合,室温下搅拌24h-48h,最后将混合物在100℃-110℃下晶化24h-48h,得粉煤灰分子筛。
进一步的,所述步骤二中(1)的工艺参数为:以硝酸锌为溶质,无水乙醇为溶剂,二乙醇胺为络合剂,配制0.1mol/L-0.3mol/L的锌溶胶,然后将步骤一(2)中制得的粉煤灰分子筛与锌溶胶按质量比1:2-1:4混合,搅拌1h-2h,再在90℃-100℃下干燥10h-15h,最后将干燥物在500℃-550℃下热处理2h-4h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料。
进一步的,所述步骤二中(2)的工艺参数为:配制0.03mol/L-0.05mol/L的硫代乙酰胺水溶液,将步骤二(1)中制得的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO按1:2-1:4的质量比加入到硫代乙酰胺水溶液中,在85℃-95℃下反应7h-10h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料。再配制0.03mol/L-0.05mol/L的硝酸铋水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料按1:2-1:4的质量比加入到硝酸铋水溶液中,在90℃-95℃下反应5h-8h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明所获得的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3,经各种测试后,发现其对氨氮废水的去除率可达95%以上,呈现较好的氨氮去除性能。
(2)本发明提供的制备方法简单易操作,具有实际的可行性,且制备的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3成本低,无污染。
附图说明
图1是本发明的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的电镜扫描图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本专业技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:制备粉煤灰分子筛多孔材料
用蒸馏水稀释浓盐酸,配制8.0mol/L的盐酸溶液,将粉煤灰按质量比10%加入盐酸溶液中,在70℃下水浴加热搅拌2h,然后再将酸处理过的粉煤灰球磨2h,烘干,备用。将预处理的粉煤灰与NaOH按质量比为1:1.2的比例混合,以3℃/min的速度升温至700℃保温4h,自然冷却至室温,再将上述混合物与蒸馏水按质量比1:10混合,室温下搅拌24h,最后将混合物在100℃下晶化48h,得粉煤灰分子筛。
步骤二:制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3
以硝酸锌为溶质,无水乙醇为溶剂,二乙醇胺为络合剂,配制0.1mol/L的锌溶胶,然后将粉煤灰分子筛与锌溶胶按质量比1:2-1:4混合,搅拌1h-2h,再在90℃-100℃下干燥10h-15h,最后将干燥物在500℃下热处理4h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料。配制0.03mol/L的硫代乙酰胺水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO按1:2的质量比加入到硫代乙酰胺水溶液中,在85℃下反应10h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料。再配制0.03mol/L的硝酸铋水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料按1:2的质量比加入到硝酸铋水溶液中,在90℃下反应8h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3材料。
本实施例的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的电镜扫描图如图1所示,并且该实施例制备的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3,对氨氮废水的去除率可达96%。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:制备粉煤灰分子筛多孔材料
用蒸馏水稀释浓盐酸,配制8.5mol/L的盐酸溶液,将粉煤灰按质量比20%加入盐酸溶液中,在90℃下水浴加热搅拌2h,然后再将酸处理过的粉煤灰球磨2h,烘干,备用。将预处理的粉煤灰与NaOH按质量比为1:2.0的比例混合,以5℃/min的速度升温至850℃保温2h,自然冷却至室温,再将上述混合物与蒸馏水按质量比1:15混合,室温下搅拌24h,最后将混合物在110℃下晶化24h,得粉煤灰分子筛。
步骤二:制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3
以硝酸锌为溶质,无水乙醇为溶剂,二乙醇胺为络合剂,配制0.3mol/L的锌溶胶,然后将粉煤灰分子筛与锌溶胶按质量比1:4混合,搅拌2h,再在100℃下干燥10h,最后将干燥物在550℃下热处理2h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料。配制0.05mol/L的硫代乙酰胺水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO按1:4的质量比加入到硫代乙酰胺水溶液中,在95℃下反应7h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料。再配制0.05mol/L的硝酸铋水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料按1:4的质量比加入到硝酸铋水溶液中,在95℃下反应5h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3材料。
按上述实施例制备的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3,对氨氮废水的去除率可达98%。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:制备粉煤灰分子筛多孔材料
用蒸馏水稀释浓盐酸,配制8.2mol/L的盐酸溶液,将粉煤灰按质量比15%加入盐酸溶液中,在80℃下水浴加热搅拌3h,然后再将酸处理过的粉煤灰球磨3h,烘干,备用。将预处理的粉煤灰与NaOH按质量比为1:1.5的比例混合,以4℃/min的速度升温至820℃保温3h,自然冷却至室温,再将上述混合物与蒸馏水按质量比1:12混合,室温下搅拌36h,最后将混合物在105℃下晶化36h,得粉煤灰分子筛。
步骤二:制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3
以硝酸锌为溶质,无水乙醇为溶剂,二乙醇胺为络合剂,配制0.2mol/L的锌溶胶,然后将粉煤灰分子筛与锌溶胶按质量比1:3混合,搅拌2h,再在95℃下干燥12h,最后将干燥物在520℃下热处理3h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料。配制0.04mol/L的硫代乙酰胺水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO按1:3的质量比加入到硫代乙酰胺水溶液中,在90℃下反应8h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料。再配制0.04mol/L的硝酸铋水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料按1:3的质量比加入到硝酸铋水溶液中,在92℃下反应6h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3材料。
按上述实施例制备的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3,对氨氮废水的去除率可达96%。
本发明的作用机理是:采用粉煤灰废弃物制备高比表面积、化学性能稳定的分子筛材料,并将ZnO/Bi2S3光催化材料负载于粉煤灰分子筛,制备成可以悬浮又可回收的高催化活性的光催化剂,粉煤灰分子筛作为多孔材料,具有高的比表面积,可吸附大量的被降解物,ZnO/Bi2S3光催化材料具有很好的可见光响应活性,能将氨氮等污染物催化降解。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤一:制备粉煤灰分子筛多孔材料
(1)粉煤灰预处理;
(2)制备粉煤灰分子筛;
步骤二:制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3
(1)制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料;
(2)制备粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中(1)的工艺参数为:用蒸馏水稀释浓盐酸,配制8.0mol/L-8.5mol/L盐酸溶液,将粉煤灰按质量比10%-20%加入盐酸溶液中,在70℃-90℃下水浴加热搅拌2h-4h,然后再将酸处理过的粉煤灰球磨2h-4h,烘干,备用。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中(2)的工艺参数为:将预处理的粉煤灰与NaOH按质量比为1:1.2-1:2.0的比例混合,以3℃/min-5℃/min的速度升温至700℃-850℃保温2h-4h,自然冷却至室温,再将上述混合物与蒸馏水按质量比1:10-1:15混合,室温下搅拌24h-48h,最后将混合物在100℃-110℃下晶化24h-48h,得粉煤灰分子筛。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中(1)的工艺参数为:以硝酸锌为溶质,无水乙醇为溶剂,二乙醇胺为络合剂,配制0.1mol/L-0.3mol/L的锌溶胶,然后将步骤一(2)中制得的粉煤灰分子筛与锌溶胶按质量比1:2-1:4混合,搅拌1h-2h,再在90℃-100℃下干燥10h-15h,最后将干燥物在500℃-550℃下热处理2h-4h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO复合材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种氨氮废水处理用粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中(2)的工艺参数为:配制0.03mol/L-0.05mol/L的硫代乙酰胺水溶液,将步骤二(1)中制得的粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO按1:2-1:4的质量比加入到硫代乙酰胺水溶液中,在85℃-95℃下反应7h-10h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料;再配制0.03mol/L-0.05mol/L的硝酸铋水溶液,将粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/ZnS复合材料按1:2-1:4的质量比加入到硝酸铋水溶液中,在90℃-95℃下反应5h-8h,得粉煤灰分子筛/ZnO/Bi2S3材料。
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