CN109259120A - 一种发酵鲅鱼罐头及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种发酵鲅鱼罐头及其制作方法,属于食品加工技术领域。为克服大量鲅鱼资源浪费的问题,本发明提供一种制作鲅鱼罐头的技术方案包括以下重量份的原料配方:鲅鱼肉100‑200份、食盐7.5‑12.5份、白砂糖13‑14份、味精4‑8份、豆豉3‑6份、酱油6‑12份、料酒3‑6份、蒜3‑6份、食品添加剂亚硝酸钠为鲅鱼肉质量的0.125%‑0.15%。该原料通过腌制、发酵、烘干、油炸塑性、回味等步骤进行制作,克服了鲅鱼大量浪费的问题,保证了鲅鱼罐头的美味,同时将植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B‑14768发酵进行了应用,对人体健康大有裨益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体为一种发酵鲅鱼罐头及其制作方法。
背景技术
鲅鱼也叫蓝点马鲛(学名),硬骨鱼纲,鲈形目,鲅科,鲅鱼富含丰富的维生素A、蛋白质和矿物质等营养成分而且价格低廉,具有较大的商业价值。鲅鱼在我国黄海、渤海、东海均有分布,是北方的经济海水鱼之一,其具有集中的收获期、易腐败变质的特点,加上我国水产品的加工水平较低造成部分鲅鱼资源浪费,导致其可持续发展受到了严重的制约。
发酵肉最早起源于地中海地区,早在2000多年前,古罗马人就用碎肉加盐、糖和香辛料等通过自然发酵、成熟和天然干燥制作成美味可口的香肠,产品具有较长的贮藏期。发酵肉虽然历史悠久,但其发展缓慢。20世纪70年代前,欧美国家的发酵肉生产仍处于经验性、季节性、小规模、长周期、高成本的作坊式发展状态。伴随着肉类消费迅速增长20世纪50年代形成了肉类发酵剂及人工控制发酵等现代化生产技术,随着发酵剂的广泛应用和发酵技术的逐步普及,发酵肉生产不再受季节约束,并实现了工厂化生产。经过不断的发展,发酵剂经历了从植物源乳酸菌到内源乳酸菌再到乳酸菌与微球菌等混合菌种发酵剂3个阶段的变化,目前欧美等国家的部分发酵肉已实现规模化、标准化生产,但产品仍以低酸度发酵肉为主,工艺也多采用自然长周期低温干燥成熟方式,产品数量较少,在肉制品总量中占比较低。目前中国用于生产西式发酵肉的发酵剂主要依靠进口,产品感官、口味等与国内市场需求不符,并且生产周期长、成本高、产量较低,生产、消费发展缓慢。
发明内容
为了克服大量的鲅鱼资源浪费的问题,本发明提供一种发酵鲅鱼罐头及其制作方法,不仅解决了鲅鱼资源浪费的问题,同时提高了鲅鱼加工水平。
本发明解决技术问题采用的技术方案为:发酵鲅鱼罐头采用如下重量份数的原料配方:鲅鱼肉100-200份、食盐7.5-12.5份、白砂糖13-14份、味精4-8份、豆豉3-6份、酱油6-12份、料酒3-6份、蒜3-6份、食品添加剂亚硝酸钠为鲅鱼肉质量的0.125%-0.15%。
一种发酵鲅鱼罐头的制备步骤为:
(1)鲅鱼的处理:切成长度约为3~7cm,宽度约为2~4cm的鱼块,将所需的鲅鱼块称重,记录;
(2)腌制:将切好的鲅鱼块置于5%的盐水中腌渍1~2h,鱼块与盐水的重量比为1:2,然后清洗片刻,再沥干,称重;
(3)发酵:接种量2%的植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间8~12h;
(4)烘干:发酵后,放入烘箱内干燥,温度为45~60℃,烘干时间3~5h;
(5)回软:将烘干后的鱼块,在室温下静置1~3h;
(6)油炸塑性:将回软好的鲅鱼块投入油量为500~800份,温度为180-200℃的油锅中油炸,慢慢翻动,防止鱼体破粹,要及时处理鱼肉碎屑和油渣,油炸时间3-5min;
(7)调味液的配制:食盐7.5-12.5份、白砂糖13-14份、味精4-8份、豆豉3-6份、酱油6-12份、料酒3-6份、蒜3-6份、食品添加剂亚硝酸钠为鲅鱼肉质量的0.125%-0.15%份,添加重量为调味液总重量3倍的清水熬煮15-20min,过滤后得到调味液备用;
(8)回味:将花生油3-6份加入锅中,加热至6成热,油炸过的鱼以及调味液搅匀,大火煮至收汁,鱼与收汁前的调味液比例为1:2;
(9)装罐:装罐前先将空罐及罐盖洗净,在沸水中煮5min沥干备用。净含量为150g/罐或250g/罐;
(10)高温灭菌冷却:121℃进行高温灭菌15min,完成后立即冷却至室温,迅速擦干罐表面水分后得到成品。
植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768按照生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司提供的Ezup柱式细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒说明书进行行制备:
(1)乳酸菌的分离纯化:称取5g植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768,放置于45mL无菌生理盐水中摇匀,利用梯度稀释涂布和平板划线法,进行分离纯化,三次分离纯化后的乳酸菌于-80℃甘油冷冻保藏;
(2)取Taq酶25μL,上下引物各2μL,无菌水20μL,乳酸菌液1μL制成50μL体系;
(3)94℃预变性4min,94℃变性30s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸95s,共30个循环,最后72℃延伸10min。PCR产物进行测序,测定后的16S rRNA序列登陆NCBI进行Blast比对,其比对结果为植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768。
有益效果:本发明巧妙地通过一些简便的方法与植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768发酵的结合对鲅鱼进行处理,保证鲅鱼罐头美味的同时,还具有健康养生的作用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方法做详细说明,下述实例中所用材料,试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。下述实例中鲅鱼购置于当地水产市场,食盐、白砂糖、蒜、酱油、花生油、料酒、味精、豆豉均来源于当地超市。亚硝酸钠(食品级)购置于四川金山制药有限公司。复合益生菌粉购置于NHT Global公司。
下述实例中,植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768通过下述方法制备得到:
(1)植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768的分离:称取复合益生菌粉5g,放置于45mL无菌生理盐水中摇匀,利用梯度稀释涂布进行分离;
(2)植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768的纯化:使用平板划线法将分离得到的菌株进行纯化,三次分离纯化后的乳酸菌于-80℃甘油冷冻保藏;
(3)培养:挑取MRS培养基上生长的单菌落于10mL MRS肉汤中,37℃静置培养18h,按1%的接种量接种于MRS肉汤中,并于37℃培养24h;
(4)接种:按2%的接种量,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间12h。
实施例1
(1)鲅鱼的处理:切成长度约为3~7cm,宽度约为2~4cm的鱼块,将所需的鲅鱼块称重为100份;
(2)腌制:称取10份食盐溶于200份水中,将切好的鲅鱼块置于5%的盐水中腌渍1h,然后清洗片刻,再沥干;
(3)发酵:将培养好的植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768按2%的接种量,接种于(2)中腌制好的鱼肉中37℃发酵12h;
(4)烘干:发酵后,放入烘箱内干燥,温度为50℃,烘干时间3.5h;
(5)回软:将干燥后的鲅鱼块,在室温下静置约2h;
(6)油炸塑性:将回软好的鲅鱼肉,投入油量为500份,油温为180-200℃中的油锅中油炸3-5min,慢慢翻动,防止鱼体破粹,并及时处理鱼肉碎屑和油渣,鱼肉表面色泽为金黄色时即可捞出;
(7)调味液的配制:食盐7.5份、白砂糖13份、味精4份、豆豉3份、酱油6份、料酒3份、蒜3份、食品添加剂亚硝酸钠0.125%份,水200份熬煮15-20min,过滤后得到调味液备用;
(8)回味:将花生油3份加入锅中,加热至6成热,油炸过的鱼以及调味液搅匀,大火煮至收汁。鱼与调味液比例为1:2;
(9)装罐:装罐前先将空罐及罐盖洗净,在沸水中煮5min沥干备用。净含量为150g/罐;
(10)高温灭菌冷却:按121℃杀菌条件进行高温灭菌,完成后立即冷却至室温,迅速擦干罐表面水分后得到成品。
实施例2
(1)鲅鱼的处理:切成长度约为3~7cm,宽度约为2~4cm的鱼块,将所需的鲅鱼块称重为200份;
(2)腌制:称取20份食盐溶于400份水中,将切好的鲅鱼块置于5%的盐水中腌渍1h,然后清洗片刻,再沥干;
(3)发酵:将培养好植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768按2%的接种量,接种于(2)中腌制好的鱼肉中37℃发酵12h;
(4)烘干:将发酵后的鲅鱼肉,放入烘箱温度为50℃内干燥,烘干时间3.5h;
(5)回软:将干燥后的鲅鱼肉,在室温下静置约2h;
(6)油炸塑性:将回软好的鲅鱼肉,投入油量为800份,油温为180-200℃中的油锅中油炸3-5min,慢慢翻动,防止鱼体破粹,并及时处理鱼肉碎屑和油炸,鱼肉表面色泽为金黄色时即可捞出;
(7)调味液的配制:食盐12.5份、白砂糖14份、味精8份、豆豉6份、酱油12份、料酒6份、蒜6份、食品添加剂(亚硝酸钠)0.125%份,水200份,熬煮15-20min,过滤后得到调味液备用;
(8)回味:将花生油6份加入锅中,加热至6成热,油炸过的鱼以及调味液搅匀,大火煮至收汁。鱼与调味液比例为1∶2;
(9)装罐:装罐前先将空罐及罐盖洗净,在沸水中煮5min沥干备用。净含量为250g/罐;
(10)高温灭菌冷却:按121℃杀菌条件进行高温灭菌,完成后立即冷却至室温,迅速擦干罐表面水分后得到成品。
以下是对实施例的感官评定:
1、采用品尝法对样品实施例1进行评分,评分标准详见表1。
表1食品感官评价表
2、采用品尝法对样品实施例2进行评分,评分标准详见表2。
表2食品感官评价表
经测评,本发明所得发酵鲅鱼罐头鱼肉具有色泽金黄、浓厚的香味、有嚼劲、外形完整,品相最佳。
对甄选出的最佳样品进行GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱)检测食品成分及含量。
表3气相色谱-质谱检测食品成分及含量
Claims (3)
1.一种发酵鲅鱼罐头的制作方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
S1.鲅鱼的处理:切成长度为3~7cm,宽度为2~4cm的鱼块,将所需的鲅鱼块称重,记录;
S2.腌制:将切好的鲅鱼块置于5%的盐水中腌渍1~2h,鱼块与盐水的重量比为1:2,然后清洗片刻,再沥干,称重;
S3.发酵:接种量2%的植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间8~12h;
S4.烘干:发酵完成的鲅鱼放入烘箱内干燥,温度为45~60℃,烘干时间为3~5h;
S5.回软:将烘干后的鱼块,在室温下静置1~3h;
S6.油炸塑性:将回软好的鲅鱼块投入油量为500~800份,温度为180~200℃的油锅中油炸,油炸时保证鱼体不破碎,油炸时间3-5min;
S7.调味液的配制:食盐7.5-12.5份、白砂糖13-14份、味精4-8份、豆豉3-6份、酱油6-12份、料酒3-6份、蒜3-6份、食品添加剂亚硝酸钠为鲅鱼肉质量的0.125%-0.15%,添加重量为调味液总重量3倍的清水熬煮15-20min,过滤后得到调味液备用;
S8.回味:将花生油3-6份加入锅中,加热至6成热,油炸过的鱼以及调味液搅匀,大火煮至收汁,鱼与收汁前的调味液重量比例为1:2;
S9.装罐:装罐前先将空罐及罐盖洗净,在沸水中煮5min沥干备用,净含量为150g/罐,250g/罐中的一种;
S10.高温灭菌冷却:121℃进行高温灭菌15min,完成后立即冷却至室温,迅速擦干罐表面水分后得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种发酵鲅鱼罐头的制作方法,其特征是,所述步骤S3的植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768制备包括以下步骤:
S3.1植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768的分离:称取复合益生菌粉5g,放置于45mL无菌生理盐水中摇匀,利用梯度稀释涂布进行分离;
S3.2植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768的纯化:使用平板划线法将分离得到的菌株进行纯化,三次分离纯化后的乳酸菌于-80℃甘油冷冻保藏;
S3.3植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768多相分类学鉴定的测定:
(1)植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768 DNA的提取:按照生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司提供的Ezup柱式细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒说明书进行。
(2)16S rRNA的PCR扩增:PCR扩增引物分别为:正向引物27F:5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’;反向引物1492R:5’-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’。
(3)PCR反应体系:取Taq酶25uL,上下引物各2uL,无菌水20uL,乳酸菌液1uL制成50uL体系。
反应条件:94℃预变性4min,94℃变性30s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸95s,共30个循环,最后72℃延伸10min。PCR产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序。测定后的16S rRNA序列登陆NCBI进行Blast比对。经鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌菌株NRRL B-14768。
S3.4培养:挑MRS培养基上生长的单菌落于10mL MRS肉汤中,37℃静置培养18h,按1%的接种量接种于MRS肉汤中,并于37℃培养24h;
S3.5接种:按2%的接种量,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间12h,对步骤S2腌制好的鱼肉进行发酵。
3.一种发酵鲅鱼罐头,其特征是,所述发酵鲅鱼罐头由以下重量份数的原料构成:鲅鱼肉100-200份、食盐7.5-12.5份、白砂糖13-14份、味精4-8份、豆豉3-6份、酱油6-12份、料酒3-6份、蒜3-6份和占鲅鱼肉质量的0.125%-0.15%的亚硝酸钠。
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