CN109234335B - 一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,苦竹花多糖的提取与苦竹花多糖分离纯化,本发明具有方法稳定、精密度高、重现性好,易于掌握的特点,同时,其分析分法避免了传统方法因必须进行多步分离纯化和多种波谱手段分析而带来的耗时、费力、成本高、无法快速检测的缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法。
背景技术
竹黄为禾本科植物青皮竹等因被寄生的竹黄蜂咬洞后,而于竹节间贮积的伤流液,经干涸凝结而成的块状物质。冬季采收,砍取竹秆,剖取竹黄,晾干。本品自然产出者很少,大多采用火烧竹林的方法,使竹受暴热后,竹沥溢在节间凝固而成,然后剖取晾干。主产云南、广东、广西等地。具有祛风除湿,活血舒经,止咳的功效。用于风湿痹痛,四肢麻木,小儿百日咳,白带过多。多糖是竹黄中活性成分。
苦竹花,学名竹黄(Shiraia bambusicola P.Henn.)别名竹茧、赤团子、竹赤团子、竹赤斑菌等,是肉座菌科真菌的子座,大多寄生于衰败或即将衰败的竹林里。竹黄是由于竹子被寄生的竹黄蜂咬洞后,在竹节间贮积伤流液,液体干涸凝结而成。竹黄自然产出很少,故多数采用火烧竹林的方法,竹子受热后,在节间使竹沥溢凝固,剖开取出之后晾干。竹黄主要分布于浙江、江苏、江西等长江流域。竹黄的寄主主要为短穗竹(通称苦竹)。一般每年3月下旬竹黄菌孢子萌发形成菌丝,至5月下旬或六月上旬成熟,这个时候也是其最佳的采收时期。竹黄作为传统中药用于治疗虚寒胃疼、破瘀止痛、增强体质、恢复组织机能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,具有方法稳定、精密度高、重现性好,易于掌握的特点,同时,其分析分法避免了传统方法因必须进行多步分离纯化和多种波谱手段分析而带来的耗时、费力、成本高、无法快速检测的缺陷。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
a)苦竹花多糖的提取:将苦竹花粉碎后,置于索氏提取器内,经石油醚反复脱脂,脱脂后将苦竹花放于烘箱中烘干,取干燥后的苦竹花粉末按料液比1∶20加入蒸馏水,升温至50℃后加入纤维素酶,酶解后升温提取;将水提物置于离心机离心,过滤后取上清液,残渣按上述提取方法再重新提取一次;合并两次提取的上清液,旋转蒸发浓缩后,加入无水乙醇,静置过夜;将醇沉后的样品用蒸馏水溶解,再离心透析,最后将透析后的样品经冷冻干燥后即得苦竹花粗多糖,苦竹花粗多糖为淡红色的絮状物;
b)苦竹花多糖分离纯化:称取苦竹花粗多糖,用蒸馏水溶解,加入氯仿-正丁醇,常温下经磁力搅拌30min,之后离心,取上清液再次加入氯仿-正丁醇,再磁力搅拌,离心,重复上述操作,直至无沉为止;
将脱完蛋白的苦竹花样品用蒸馏水配成浓度为75mg/mL的溶液,高速离心后吸取上清液;将样品上清液分别经0.1、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2mol/L的Nacl通过阴离子交换柱进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.5ml/min;将洗脱液用硫酸-苯酚法充分反应后,将反应液在490nm波长处测定吸光值,记录数据并绘制洗脱曲线;通过绘制的洗脱曲线确定洗脱NaCl溶液的浓度再将样品进行分段洗脱;洗脱液收集后采用硫酸-苯酚法反应,再测反应液的吸光度并绘制洗脱曲线,最后收集主要的苦竹花多糖组分,组分经旋转蒸发浓缩后透析脱盐,最后冻干,得到富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖。
作为优选,步骤a)中脱脂时间为12h。
作为优选,步骤a)中纤维素酶的加入量为苦竹花粉末质量的1-3%。
作为优选,步骤a)中酶解时间为4-6h,酶解后升温至80℃提取4h;无水乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍。
作为优选,步骤b)中氯仿-正丁醇的加入量均为粗多糖溶液的1/3体积,氯仿-正丁醇的体积比为4∶1。
本发明的有益效果是本发明具有方法稳定、精密度高、重现性好,易于掌握的特点,同时,其分析分法避免了传统方法因必须进行多步分离纯化和多种波谱手段分析而带来的耗时、费力、成本高、无法快速检测的缺陷。
附图说明
图1是本发明苦竹花多糖Q Sepharose fast flow层析柱上的梯度洗脱图。
图2是本发明单糖标准品的气相色谱图。
图3是本发明苦竹花多糖SBH-1的气相色谱图。
图4是本发明苦竹花多糖SBH-1的高效液相色谱图。
图5是本发明的标准曲线。
图6是本发明苦竹花多糖红外光谱。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例与附图,对本发明作进一步的解释:
实施例1
一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(a)苦竹花多糖的提取
将苦竹花粉碎后,置于索氏提取器内,经石油醚(沸程30-60℃)反复脱脂12h,脱脂后将苦竹花放于烘箱中烘干,取干燥后的苦竹花粉末按料液比1∶20加入蒸馏水,升温至50℃后加入1%的纤维素酶,酶解反应4h后升温至80℃提取4h,将水提物置于离心机离心15min(转速为8000r/min),过滤后取上清液,残渣按上述提取方法再重新提取一次,合并两次提取的上清液,旋转蒸发浓缩后,加入5倍于浓缩液体积的无水乙醇,静置过夜,将醇沉后的样品用蒸馏水溶解,再离心透析72h,最后将透析后的样品经冷冻干燥后即得苦竹花粗多糖,粗为淡红色的絮状物,粗多糖得率为9.7%。
(b)苦竹花多糖分离纯化
Sevage法脱蛋白:称取一定量的苦竹花粗多糖,用蒸馏水溶解,加入相当于粗多糖溶液1/3体积的氯仿-正丁醇(体积比为4∶1),常温下经磁力搅拌30min,之后离心(转速为300r/min)15分钟,取上清液再次加入1/3氯仿-正丁醇(体积比为4∶1),再磁力搅拌,离心,重复上述操作,直至无沉为止;
将脱完蛋白的苦竹花样品用蒸馏水配成浓度为75mg/mL的溶液,高速离心后吸取上清液,将样品上清液分别经0.1、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2mol/L的Nacl通过阴离子交换柱进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.5ml/min,将洗脱液用硫酸-苯酚法充分反应后,将反应液在490nm波长处测定吸光值,记录数据并绘制洗脱曲线,通过绘制的洗脱曲线确定洗脱NaCl溶液的浓度再将样品进行分段洗脱,洗脱液收集后采用硫酸-苯酚法反应,再测反应液的吸光度并绘制洗脱曲线,最后收集主要的苦竹花多糖组分,组分经旋转蒸发浓缩后透析脱盐,最后冻干。
苦竹花多糖的分离纯化
通过对0-2mol/L中不同梯度的NaCL溶液进行线性梯度洗脱,绘制出苦竹花多糖的梯度洗脱曲线。从图1中看出,有两个多糖的洗脱峰。根据洗脱峰对应的Nacl浓度,确定苦竹花粗多糖的洗脱条件分别为0、0.1mol/L,将这2个组分命名为SBH-1、SBH-2,由图1可看出,SBH-1组分的含量最多。收集苦竹花多糖SBH-1组分,旋蒸浓缩后透析72小时去除盐分,最后冻干即得纯化产物。
单糖组分分析
多糖的降解:多糖在测定单糖组成前须将多糖降解为单糖后才能进行测定,故实验前准确称取0.005g分离纯化后的苦竹花多糖样品,置于安瓿瓶中,加入1毫升2mol/L的TFA(三氟乙酸),用酒精喷灯封瓶,将封口的安瓿瓶放入110℃烘箱内进行水解反应(反应8h)。水解反应完全后将样品用甲醇溶解并转移到鸡心瓶内,用甲醇反复旋蒸以除去样品中TFA,转移至EP管,置于40℃烘箱烘干。
制备标准溶液:准确称取干燥的甘露糖(Man)、氨基葡萄糖(GlcN)、葡萄糖(Glc)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GleuA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、乙酰氨基半乳糖(GalNAc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和岩藻糖(Fuc)标准品,用蒸馏水配制成1.0mg/mL的标准溶液。使用PMP柱前衍生高效液相色谱法对单糖标准品和苦竹花多糖水解产物进行衍生,然后再进行高效液相色谱分析,绘制标准曲线,见图5。
实验条件:色谱柱为KP-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相为PBS(pH=6.7)∶乙腈=82∶18(V/V);流速为1mL/min;柱温为30℃;进样量为20μL;检测器:UV;检测波长为254nm。
苦竹花多糖SBH-1组分的纯度分析以及分子量测定
采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定苦竹花多糖分子量和纯度。
实验条件:凝胶色谱柱;柱温为35℃;流动相:浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2SO4;流速:0.5ml/min;检测器:RID
红外光谱分析
应用KBr压片法,对苦竹花多糖进行红外光谱分析。将适量纯化后的样品与干燥的溴化钾粉末混合后在研钵中研磨均匀,用压片机压成片状,进行红外光谱分析。红外光谱仪测定参数:背景扫描次数为32次;分辨率为4.0cm-1,扫描范围为400-4000cm-1;检测器:DTGS。
苦竹花多糖的单糖组成分析
单糖标准品和苦竹花多糖的PMP柱前衍生液相色谱图见图2与图3。
分析图1和图2对比可得:苦竹花多糖中SBH-1组分由甘露糖(Man)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)3种单糖组成.按照其相对峰面积比可得三种单糖的含量分别为21.138%,44.132%,28.730%。
苦竹花多糖SBH-1组分分子量的测定
应用高效凝胶色谱法,通过出峰的数量可以看出苦竹花多糖组分纯度,根据已知分子量的标准品的出峰时间,又可推算出苦竹花多糖样品的分子量。通过SBH-1组分的高效凝胶色谱图4,图中显示SBH-1组分的色谱峰单一且对称,表明所提取的SBH-1组分纯度较高,根据标准曲线计算后得其分子量为18.3KD。
从红外光谱图中可以得知苦竹花多糖中的官能团与取代基。从图6中可以看出:808cm-1处为甘露糖存在的特征吸收峰;870cm-1处说明多糖中可能存在呋喃型结构;973cm-1处可能存在=C-H的弯曲振动吸收峰1058cm-1处有强吸收峰可能是C-O-C环内醚的C-O伸缩振动吸收峰;1539cm-1处的吸收峰为C=C吸收峰;在2933cm-1处有糖类的C-H伸缩振动吸收带;1650cm-1处的吸收峰可能是O-H的弯曲振动引起;在3358cm-1处有较强的N-H和O-H伸缩振动的特征吸收峰。
连接方式分析表明,SBH-1存在特殊呋喃半乳糖连接方式的甘露葡萄半乳聚糖,同时存在→2)-β-D-Galf(1→和→6)-β-D-Galf(1→连接方式的多糖非常少见。
在免疫增强活性的筛选中,与阳性药物大肠杆菌的脂多糖(LPS)作对比,对巨噬细胞的增强率如下表。
表2巨噬细胞吞噬的增强率
Table.2-4 The increase rate of macrophage cell
Claims (5)
1.一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
a)苦竹花多糖的提取:将苦竹花粉碎后,置于索氏提取器内,经石油醚反复脱脂,脱脂后将苦竹花放于烘箱中烘干,取干燥后的苦竹花粉末按料液比1:20加入蒸馏水,升温至50℃后加入纤维素酶,酶解后升温提取;将水提物置于离心机离心,过滤后取上清液,残渣按上述提取方法再重新提取一次;合并两次提取的上清液,旋转蒸发浓缩后,加入无水乙醇,静置过夜;将醇沉后的样品用蒸馏水溶解,再离心透析,最后将透析后的样品经冷冻干燥后即得苦竹花粗多糖,苦竹花粗多糖为淡红色的絮状物;
b)苦竹花多糖分离纯化:称取苦竹花粗多糖,用蒸馏水溶解,加入氯仿-正丁醇,常温下经磁力搅拌30 min,之后离心,取上清液再次加入氯仿-正丁醇,再磁力搅拌,离心,重复上述操作,直至无沉为止;
将脱完蛋白的苦竹花粗多糖样品用蒸馏水配成浓度为75 mg/mL的溶液,高速离心后吸取上清液;将样品上清液经0-2 mol/L的NaCl溶液通过阴离子交换柱进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.5ml/min;将洗脱液用硫酸-苯酚法充分反应后,将反应液在490 nm波长处测定吸光值,记录数据并绘制洗脱曲线;通过绘制的洗脱曲线确定洗脱NaCl溶液的浓度再将样品进行分段洗脱;洗脱液收集后采用硫酸-苯酚法反应,再测反应液的吸光度并绘制洗脱曲线,最后收集洗脱条件为0mol/L NaCl溶液的苦竹花多糖组分,组分经旋转蒸发浓缩后透析脱盐,最后冻干,得到富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中脱脂时间为12h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中纤维素酶的加入量为苦竹花粉末质量的1-3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中酶解时间为4-6h,酶解后升温至80℃提取4h;无水乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种竹黄中富含呋喃半乳糖的多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中氯仿-正丁醇的加入量均为粗多糖溶液的1/3体积,氯仿-正丁醇的体积比为4:1。
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