CN109207244A - 一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂 - Google Patents

一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂 Download PDF

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CN109207244A
CN109207244A CN201710521785.0A CN201710521785A CN109207244A CN 109207244 A CN109207244 A CN 109207244A CN 201710521785 A CN201710521785 A CN 201710521785A CN 109207244 A CN109207244 A CN 109207244A
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孔韬
彭静
査炎鹏
彭丙杰
赖振峰
王子明
王万金
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Beijing Building Construction Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂,其原料包括按照重量份数计的以下组分:聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液5‑50份、水性消泡剂0.1‑1份、去离子水5‑95份。本发明所述混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂耐水冲刷性能强,对硬化后构件的后续加工无不良影响,制得的混凝土构件表面平整、美观。

Description

一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,属于功能性建筑材料领域。
背景技术
脱模剂是混凝土预制构件生产过程中广泛使用的一种功能性助剂,它能在模具表面和混凝土接触面间形成有效隔离层,便于凝结后的混凝土脱离模具表面,以实现混凝土硬化后的快速脱模。同时,脱模剂大多具有较低的临界表面张力,表面润湿、排气效果良好,有助于生产无表面缺陷的混凝土制品。近年来,随着混凝土预制构件领域新结构、新材料、新工艺的不断增多,对脱模剂提出了更高的性能要求。
目前,国内混凝土预制构件生产使用的脱模剂大致可分为油性和水性两大类。油性脱模剂以矿物油(机油)、动物油或植物油等为主体,可加入少量稳定剂、匀质化助剂,直接涂覆使用,脱模效果显著,但单位施工作业面用量大,容易产生二次环境污染,表层排泡能力弱,导致硬化后的混凝土表面残留大量油斑与孔洞,色差明显,影响其平整度和光滑性。而水性脱模剂多以水为分散体介质,便于涂覆施工,可大幅降低施工用量,提升生产效率,是混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的发展的一个热门方向。
市场上广泛使用的混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂技术路线存在着如下问题:
1. 油性脱模剂的水溶液分散体系多使用复合型乳化剂、分散助剂,将矿物油、油脂及其衍生物预分散成具有合适粘度的亚稳定水性乳液体系,产品储存稳定性较差。该方法属于改良型技术,仍无法完全避免油性脱模剂的固有缺陷。
2. 乳化甲基硅油、乳化石蜡的水溶液等体系。前者适应性广,具有优异的隔离性,模具污染小,但脱模剂残留能力过强,不利于对构件的后续表面修饰、加工。后者模具污染大,且会在构件表面形成一层光滑蜡膜,影响构件吊装出模等操作的安全性。
3. 某些水性脱模剂亲水性过强,难以快干成膜。在实际应用过程中发现,脱模剂涂覆后,耐水冲刷性能不理想,不适用于南方多雨、潮湿的施工环境。
发明内容
为解决上述混凝土预制构件水性脱模剂使用过程中存在的表层排泡能力弱、构件表面缺陷明显、影响后期加工与操作、耐水冲刷性能差等系列问题,本发明提供了一种高效、功能性混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂。
在本发明中,使用稳定的聚烯烃微粒分散体为脱膜剂的主体成分,利用其良好的成膜能力,在模具表面和混凝土接触面间快速凝聚,形成有效隔离层,在脱模操作过程中产生良好的界面剥离效应。同时,引入的硬脂酸钙、棕榈酸钙、叔炔二醇或其gemini型衍生物等水性消泡剂,进一步强化了聚烯烃微粒分散体的排泡效应,提高了隔离层的连续性和均一性,混凝土构件表面平整、美观。该脱模剂耐水冲刷性能强,且对硬化后构件的后续加工无不良影响,脱模效果理想,应用性能符合JCT 949-2005《混凝土制品用脱模剂》相关指标要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂,包括按照重量份数计的以下组分:聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液5-50份、水性消泡剂0.1-1份、去离子水5- 95份。所述聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚正丁烯、聚异丁烯微粒的水溶液分散体一种以上任意比例混合,聚烯烃的相对分子量为10×104-1000×104,聚烯烃微粒的尺寸为10nm-100μm,分散体的稳定剂为端烷基(C2-C25)聚氧乙烯醚,分散体水溶液的固含量20%-60%。所述水性消泡剂为硬脂酸钙、棕榈酸钙、叔炔二醇或其gemini型衍生物一种以上任意比例混合。
上述混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂的制备方法为:将聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液、水性消泡剂、去离子水混合, 10-40℃搅拌均匀,得到稳定混合体系,即混凝土预制构件用水性脱膜剂。
上述混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂在应用过程中,可直接或根据实际情况使用水稀释1~5倍后,涂覆于构件模具表面,快速成膜后即可用于浇筑混凝土。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1:
按照重量份计,将30份聚乙烯分散体水溶液(聚乙烯相对分子量10×104,分散体微粒尺寸为300nm,分散体散体的稳定剂为C12端烷基聚氧乙烯醚,分散体水溶液固含量40%),0.2份硬脂酸钙、30份去离子水于反应釜中,25℃搅拌30min,混合均匀,制得所述混凝土预制构件用水性脱膜剂。
实施例2:
按照重量份计,将30份聚丙烯分散体水溶液(聚丙烯相对分子量300×104,分散体微粒尺寸为5μm,分散体散体的稳定剂为C18端烷基聚氧乙烯醚,分散体水溶液固含量30%),0.5份叔炔二醇、60份去离子水于反应釜中,30℃搅拌30min,混合均匀,制得所述混凝土预制构件用水性脱膜剂。
实施例3:
按照重量份计,将30份聚异丁烯分散体水溶液(聚异丁烯相对分子量800×104,分散体微粒尺寸为20μm,分散体散体的稳定剂为C24端烷基聚氧乙烯醚,分散体水溶液固含量25%),0.9份硬脂酸钙、20份去离子水于反应釜中,25℃搅拌30min,混合均匀,制得所述混凝土预制构件用水性脱膜剂。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂,其特征在于:包括按照重量份数计的以下组分:
聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液 5-50份
水性消泡剂 0.1-1份
去离子水 5- 95份;
所述聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚正丁烯、聚异丁烯微粒的水溶液分散体一种以上任意比例混合,聚烯烃的相对分子量为10×104-1000×104,聚烯烃微粒的尺寸为10nm-100μm,分散体的稳定剂为端烷基(C2-C25)聚氧乙烯醚,分散体水溶液的固含量20%-60%;
所述水性消泡剂为硬脂酸钙、棕榈酸钙、叔炔二醇或其gemini型衍生物一种以上任意比例混合。
2.一种混凝土预制构件用水性脱模剂,其特征在于:制备方法为:将聚烯烃微粒分散体水溶液、水性消泡剂、去离子水混合, 10-40℃搅拌均匀,得到稳定混合体系,即混凝土预制构件用水性脱膜剂。
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CN113370361A (zh) * 2021-07-07 2021-09-10 甘肃路桥建设集团有限公司 一种预制梁体采用水性脱模剂施工方法

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