CN109198181A - A kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft - Google Patents
A kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft Download PDFInfo
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- CN109198181A CN109198181A CN201811071130.9A CN201811071130A CN109198181A CN 109198181 A CN109198181 A CN 109198181A CN 201811071130 A CN201811071130 A CN 201811071130A CN 109198181 A CN109198181 A CN 109198181A
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- silage
- ensiling
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- corn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture crafts, using the preparation of silage silo, ensiling raw material is compiled, chopping, add feed addictive, filling process, cover dry matter, overlay film pretreatment, earthing seals step up for safekeeping and prepares cornstalk silage, the cornstalk silage being prepared using the present invention, reduce the content of harmful substance flavatin in feed, reduce the mildew rate of feed, improve the mouthfeel and quality of feed, ensiling simultaneously is not perishable, ensiling is loaded voidage and is reduced, it can be the good environment that lactobacillus-fermented creates anaerobism, be conducive to the progress of fermentation, cover one layer of dry matter, prevent a large amount of nutritional ingredient with water loss, reduce nutritive loss, increase the lactic acid fragrance of ensiling, add feed addictive, ensilage quality can be improved, increase feed feed intake, Enhance the palatability of feed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ensilage field, specifically a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft.
Background technique
Ensiling, which refers to, is closed fresh plant variety compacting, completely cuts off the greenfeed of storage and outside air, causes
Internal anoxic causes anaerobic fermentation, to generate organic acid, fresh feed can be made to save prolonged not bad, can both reduce nutrient damage
Lose a kind of storing technology or method for being conducive to animal digestion absorption again.
As soon as northern China crops are mostly that a season is ripe, therefore autumn and winter will appear the phenomenon that fodder grass lacks, especially
Fresh blueness fodder grass；Peasant's majority is fed with hay, and this feeding is mode, significantly reduces the nutritional ingredient of forage grass and agreeable to the taste
Property；The Northwest, very cold, growth period is short, and green forage production is restricted, and entire winter-spring season all lacks green forage,
Modulation ensilage saves summer, autumn extra green forage, utilizes for Winter-Spring, solves Winter-Spring domestic animal and lacks dark green raise
The problem of material；After crops harvesting, a large amount of agricultural crop straw is discarded or is burned, this way, that is, waste of resource, and is polluted
Environment affects the sustainable development of economic society to a certain extent.
Currently, most of ensilage is directly prescinded, is pressed using herbage (common sweet broomcorn straw, corn stover etc.)
Real, sealing produces.Ensiling preparation when as ensiling water content it is excessively high, compacting manufacturing process in just have a large amount of nutrition
Ingredient is with water loss, the ensiling PH high for causing largely to waste, furthermore making, and acid smell is pungent；Since plant itself has
Lactic acid bacterium number it is limited, it is difficult to quickly form lactic fermentation so that the spoilage organisms activity time is too long, the PH decline of ensilage
Slowly, cause ensilage nutritive loss excessive, or even cause ensilage corrupt；Ensilage is local during the fermentation simultaneously
Easily mouldy and rotten, especially top, Decay is serious, so that the mass propagation of mould and spoilage organisms, and due to having largely
Miscellaneous bacteria exist, when ensilage opens cellar, it is easy to form secondary fermentation, on feeding section kainogenesis mildew or in flakes
It is mouldy, it will cause when in bad order and thoroughly go mouldy, rot.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of holding Moisture in Feed, it effectively prevent corrupt corn stover
Silage making technique.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft, comprising:
(1) it the preparation of silage silo: is built according to raise livestock head number, the daily scale of feeding of livestock, the density of ensilage, silage silo
The size and shape of topography design silage silo；
(2) ensiling raw material is compiled: harvesting fresh corn stalk shines 1 day -2 days in the sun, is cleaned out；
(3) it shreds: by the fresh corn straw chopping, obtaining corn stover particle；
(4) it adds feed addictive: fermentation accelerant being successively added into the corn stover particle according to formula, nutrition is added
Agent, other inorganic salts are uniformly mixed and obtain first product；
(5) it loads process: first product layering being inserted in the silage silo, side pan feeding, side mechanical ramming, described in every filling
At 20-30 centimetres of first product thickness, with sprayer or clean water is manually added to, the stalk humidity of ensiling is made to keep 60%-75%；
(6) it covers dry matter: covering one layer of dry matter, the quality of the first product and the dry matter in the first product top layer
Than being 10: 1；
(7) overlay film pre-processes: covering one layer of plastic cloth on the dry matter surface, the plastic cloth must be located in advance before being laid with
The plastics are arranged in seal box by reason, and after extracting the ammonia that air and isometric implantation concentration are 10% in case, institute will be housed
The seal box for stating plastic cloth is placed in insulating box, is fumigated at 40-45 DEG C, and the ammonia cure time is 72-96h, ammonia cure knot
After beam i.e. can be taken off using；
(8) earthing is sealed up for safekeeping: after covering the plastic cloth, it is steady and sure to seal in its edge earthing, and thickness of earth covering is not less than 50cm, earthing
It is whole with mud floating afterwards, to get the ensilage after horizental silo is sealed by fermentation 45~55 days.
Further, in the step (3), the corn stover is cut into using any one in chaffcutter or cutting grass knife
3-5 centimetres of length.
Further, in the step (1), the silage silo side is provided with ramped shaped inlet face, and the gradient is 20-40 degree,
The side wall of the silage silo and ground are all made of concreting.
Further, the mass ratio of the corn stover particle and the fermentation accelerant, nutritional additive is 100:6:
1。
Further, the fermentation accelerant is made of corn flour, cellulase and lactic acid bacteria, the corn stover particle,
Corn flour, cellulase mass ratio are 100:3:3；According to the corn stover particle quality, lactic acid is added by 109cfu/kg
Bacteria preparation.
Further, the nutritional additive is urea, calcium carbonate, salt, wherein the urea, calcium carbonate, salt
Mixed proportion is 2:2:1.
Further, according to the corn stover particle quality, other described inorganic salts are added according to following weight standard: sulphur
Sour copper 2.5g/ tons, 5g/ tons of sulfate, 2g/ tons of zinc sulfate, 1g/ tons of cobalt chloride, 0.1g/ tons of potassium iodide.
Further, the dry matter is at least one of wheat straw, corn stalk, dry pomace, bran.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, it is stifling that ammonia is carried out in the present invention, has good killing effect to Aspergillus flavus and other fungies, plastic cloth is carried out
Ammonia is fumigated and is covered, and the content of harmful substance flavatin in feed is reduced, and is reduced the mildew rate of feed, is improved
The mouthfeel and quality of feed；Ammonia fumigates significant effect simultaneously, easily operated, low in cost, and ammonia sources are extensive, is suitble to big
Scale practical application.
2, the present invention sprays moisture content in right amount, avoids because corn stover is aqueous when corn stover is tamped in silage silo
Amount is few, is not easy to compress, the situation in pond more than residual air, while sprinkling moisture content appropriate is conducive to the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria, while
Temperature in pond can be reduced to increase, be not easy that ensiling is made to rot；Mechanical ramming is to exclude feed gap after ensilage filling
Air reduces voidage, drains air, squeezes out syrup, and the good environment of anaerobism can be created for lactobacillus-fermented, is conducive to ferment
Progress.
3, the present invention covers one layer of dry matter when binding, and prevents a large amount of nutritional ingredient with water loss, reduces battalion
Loss is supported, the lactic acid fragrance of ensiling is increased, adding thin film, earthing seals again, guarantees that leakproofness is good, reduces feeding section
Feed causes the possibility of mildew, utmostly reduces the mildew rate of feed.
4, fermentation accelerant of the invention is mixed by lactic acid bacteria and corn flour, cellulase etc., and can play supplement can
The effect of dissolubility sugar guarantees that lactic acid bacteria is sufficiently fermented, can make in this way silage fermentation process quickly, low temperature, low loss, and energy
Guarantee the stability of ensilage；Not only fibrous matter can be decomposed into monosaccharide using cellulase, be mentioned for lactobacillus-fermented
For the energy, and feed digestibility can also be improved.
5, the urea in nutritional additive of the invention decomposites ammonia in cud, then by the bacterium synthetic proteins in cud
Matter；In nutritional additive plus calcium carbonate can not only supplement calcium, and can mitigate the acidity of feed；Since lactic acid bacteria is to hypertonic
Pressure is more blunt thoroughly, and osmotic pressure can be improved in addition salt, increases lactic acid content, acetic acid and butyric acid content is reduced, so as to improve ensiling
Feeding quality, addition salt can also improve the palatability of feed, increase feed feed intake.
6, the present invention adds inorganic salts in corn stover particle primarily to the supplement certain nutritional ingredients of ensilage
Deficiency, while fermentation process can be improved again, further enhance the palatability of feed.
7, the present invention is shining 1 day -2 days in the sun for especially light green corn stover, after cutting down, then carries out storage blueness,
A small amount of moisture can be distributed in this way, promote the death of plant cell, can also kill some parasitic microbes, be conducive to ensiling at
Function.
8, for the ensilage that the present invention obtains compared with dry feed, the sour-sweet fragrance of soft and succulency, smell effectively enhances feeding
Expect palatability, especially in withered grass season, domestic animal can have green forage, can increase feed intake naturally；Also promote domestic animal simultaneously
The secretion for raiseeing glandula digestive also has good effect to the digestion for improving other feeds in domestic animal daily ration.
9, the present invention is simple for production, and the production of ensilage is not influenced by season and weather；Manufacture craft is simple, investment
Labour is few；Compared with saving hay, production ensilage occupied area is small, easily keeping.
Specific embodiment
To better illustrate the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment to the present invention
It is described further.
A kind of embodiment 1: cornstalk silage manufacture craft
(1) preparation of silage silo: 150 oxen of raising need to prepare 1200kg ensilage according to the daily 8kg scale of feeding of every ox,
It is 270kg/m by ensilage density3, determine ensiling pond length, while determining silage silo volume, i.e. construction 1200m3Ensiling
Pond, the capacity of silage silo are 324 tons；Silage silo inner wall will have ramped shaped inlet face, and the side of ramp angles 30, silage silo is
Brick mixes face, and bottom surface is concrete surface, and mouth outsole is small, collapses to prevent pool wall, silage silo quadrangle must do it is in the arc-shaped, convenient for blueness
Bin stock sink, be discharged residual gas, ensiling bay wall it is open at one end, flow out the moisture in ensilage, and be used for it is feeding when
Feeding；Pond should be dug in 1 week or so before ensiling, allow sunlight irradiation-sterilize, building silage silo place will be selected in higher than underground water
It with preventing water leakage, gas leakage or causes to cave in far from ditch river, pond, big tree root in 0.5 meter of position or more；
(2) ensiling raw material is compiled: general silage corn is gathered in milk stage, and it is different to be mixed into soil, excrement etc. in raw material
The root system part of object, corn stover cannot be used for ensiling, for especially light green corn stover, shine in the sun after cutting down 1 day；
(3) it shreds: the corn stover chaffcutter or cutting grass knife of harvesting is cut up with a hay cutter the length at 4 centimetres, guarantee that filling raw material crushes,
In order to fill sufficiently, while corn stover sugar diffusion can be also allowed, for needed for lactobacter growth breeding；
(4) add leavening: into the corn stover particle be added fermentation accelerant, nutritional additive, be uniformly mixed so as to obtain at the beginning of at
Product；Wherein, fermentation accelerant is made of corn flour, cellulase and lactic acid bacteria, and wherein corn flour additional amount is 9720kg, fiber
Plain enzyme additional amount is 9720kg, and lactobacillus preparation is added according to 109cfu/kg；Nutritional additive be urea, calcium carbonate, salt,
Wherein the additional amount of urea is 1296kg, and the additional amount of calcium carbonate is 1296kg, and the additional amount of salt is 648kg；It is described other
Inorganic salts addition: copper sulphate 810g, sulfate 1620g, zinc sulfate 648g, cobalt chloride 324g, potassium iodide 32.4g；
(5) it loads process: the corn stover of chopping being packed into silage silo in time by forklift, to be paved layer by layer；Corn stalk
When stalk is inserted in silage silo, forklift is compacted in pan feeding, and silage silo marginal portion should be noted completely densified, creates oxygen free condition；
During corn stover is layered and inserts, when every filling a layer thickness is up to 30 centimetres, with sprayer or manually add to appropriate
Clean water makes the stalk humidity of ensiling reach 65%, avoids because silage silo is larger, causes raw material humidity to decline when filling raw material；
(6) it covers dry matter: adding a certain amount of dry pomace and be covered on first product top layer, 1 meter thick first product and 10 cm thicks
Dry matter capping top be ratio, according to pond work loading height, when loading first product up to 3-4 meter highly (or thickness), with
30-40 centimetres of top closure dry pomace covers one layer of dry matter, prevents a large amount of nutritional ingredient with moisture stream when binding
It loses, reduces nutritive loss, increase the lactic acid fragrance of ensiling；
(7) overlay film pre-processes: when dry matter is flushed with silage silo Chi Kou, and centre is more than 100 centimetres of silage silo pond mouth, covering modeling
Expect to pass through pretreatment before cloth, plastic cloth are laid with: plastics being arranged in air-tight bottle, air and isometric implantation concentration in bottle are extracted
It for 10% ammonia, is placed in insulating box to maintain the temperature at 40 DEG C and be fumigated, the ammonia cure time is 96h, after ammonia cure
It takes out and uses；
(8) earthing is sealed up for safekeeping: spare plastic cloth is covered, then plus soil make real and obturage, 40 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, be made into steamed bun shape,
Be conducive to drain, when blinding should divide two layers, and one layer of soil below wants a foot to tread with suffering a foot, and pat surface smooth；On
One layer of soil in face need to only be made real with spade, crack can be made voluntarily to fill out in this way；The surrounding of silage silo wants drainage trenching, together
When running check, prevent gas leakage, leak, after storing a full pond, should quickly seal pond, it is therefore an objective to raw material be avoided to shine and lose long by the sun
Moisture and nutrition, avoid ensilage from elongating, and keep raw material rotten in pond internal heat generation；By horizental silo be sealed by fermentation 50 days after to get
The ensilage.
A kind of embodiment 2: cornstalk silage manufacture craft
(1) preparation of silage silo: 200 oxen of raising need to prepare 1400kg ensilage according to the daily 7kg scale of feeding of every ox,
It is 270kg/m by ensilage density3, determine ensiling pond length, while determining silage silo volume, i.e. construction 1400m3Ensiling
Pond, the capacity of silage silo are 372 tons；Silage silo inner wall will have ramped shaped inlet face, and the side of ramp angles 20, silage silo is
Brick mixes face, and bottom surface is concrete surface, and mouth outsole is small, collapses to prevent pool wall, silage silo quadrangle must do it is in the arc-shaped, convenient for blueness
Bin stock sink, be discharged residual gas, ensiling bay wall it is open at one end, flow out the moisture in ensilage, and be used for it is feeding when
Feeding；Pond should be dug in 1 week or so before ensiling, allow sunlight irradiation-sterilize, building silage silo place will be selected in higher than underground water
It with preventing water leakage, gas leakage or causes to cave in far from ditch river, pond, big tree root in 0.5 meter of position or more；
(2) ensiling raw material is compiled: general silage corn is gathered in milk stage, and it is different to be mixed into soil, excrement etc. in raw material
The root system part of object, corn stover cannot be used for ensiling, for especially light green corn stover, shine in the sun after cutting down 1 day；
(3) it shreds: the corn stover chaffcutter or cutting grass knife of harvesting is cut up with a hay cutter the length at 3 centimetres, guarantee that filling raw material crushes,
In order to fill sufficiently, while corn stover sugar diffusion can be also allowed, for needed for lactobacter growth breeding；
(4) add leavening: into the corn stover particle be added fermentation accelerant, nutritional additive, be uniformly mixed so as to obtain at the beginning of at
Product；Wherein, fermentation accelerant is made of corn flour, cellulase and lactic acid bacteria, and wherein corn flour additional amount is 11160kg, fine
Tieing up plain enzyme additional amount is 11160kg, and lactobacillus preparation is added according to 109cfu/kg；Nutritional additive is urea, calcium carbonate, food
Salt, wherein the additional amount of urea is 1488kg, and the additional amount of calcium carbonate is 1488kg, and the additional amount of salt is 744kg；It is described its
He adds inorganic salts: copper sulphate 930g, sulfate 1860g, zinc sulfate 744g, cobalt chloride 372g, potassium iodide 37.2g；
(5) it loads process: the corn stover of chopping being packed into silage silo in time by forklift, to be paved layer by layer；Corn stalk
When stalk is inserted in silage silo, forklift is compacted in pan feeding, and silage silo marginal portion should be noted completely densified, creates oxygen free condition；
During corn stover is layered and inserts, when every filling a layer thickness is up to 20 centimetres, with sprayer or manually add to appropriate
Clean water makes the stalk humidity of ensiling reach 60%, avoids because silage silo is larger, causes raw material humidity to decline when filling raw material；
(6) it covers dry matter: adding a certain amount of dry pomace and be covered on first product top layer, 1 meter thick first product and 10 cm thicks
Dry matter capping top be ratio, according to pond work loading height, when loading first product up to 3-4 meter highly (or thickness), with
30-40 centimetres of top closure dry pomace covers one layer of dry matter, prevents a large amount of nutritional ingredient with moisture stream when binding
It loses, reduces nutritive loss, increase the lactic acid fragrance of ensiling；
(7) overlay film pre-processes: when dry matter is flushed with silage silo Chi Kou, and centre is more than 100 centimetres of silage silo pond mouth, covering modeling
Expect to pass through pretreatment before cloth, plastic cloth are laid with: plastics being arranged in air-tight bottle, air and isometric implantation concentration in bottle are extracted
It for 10% ammonia, is placed in insulating box to maintain the temperature at 42 DEG C and be fumigated, the ammonia cure time is 80h, after ammonia cure
It takes out and uses；
(8) earthing is sealed up for safekeeping: spare plastic cloth is covered, then plus soil make real and obturage, 40 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, be made into steamed bun shape,
Be conducive to drain, when blinding should divide two layers, and one layer of soil below wants a foot to tread with suffering a foot, and pat surface smooth；On
One layer of soil in face need to only be made real with spade, crack can be made voluntarily to fill out in this way；The surrounding of silage silo wants drainage trenching, together
When running check, prevent gas leakage, leak, after storing a full pond, should quickly seal pond, it is therefore an objective to raw material be avoided to shine and lose long by the sun
Moisture and nutrition, avoid ensilage from elongating, and keep raw material rotten in pond internal heat generation；By horizental silo be sealed by fermentation 45 days after to get
The ensilage.
A kind of embodiment 3: cornstalk silage manufacture craft
(1) preparation of silage silo: 250 oxen of raising need to prepare 1500kg ensilage according to the daily 6kg scale of feeding of every ox,
It is 270kg/m by ensilage density3, determine ensiling pond length, while determining silage silo volume, i.e. construction 1530m3Ensiling
Pond, the capacity of silage silo are 413 tons；Silage silo inner wall will have ramped shaped inlet face, and the side of ramp angles 40, silage silo is
Brick mixes face, and bottom surface is concrete surface, and mouth outsole is small, collapses to prevent pool wall, silage silo quadrangle must do it is in the arc-shaped, convenient for blueness
Bin stock sink, be discharged residual gas, ensiling bay wall it is open at one end, flow out the moisture in ensilage, and be used for it is feeding when
Feeding；Pond should be dug in 1 week or so before ensiling, allow sunlight irradiation-sterilize, building silage silo place will be selected in higher than underground water
It with preventing water leakage, gas leakage or causes to cave in far from ditch river, pond, big tree root in 0.5 meter of position or more；
(2) ensiling raw material is compiled: general silage corn is gathered in milk stage, and it is different to be mixed into soil, excrement etc. in raw material
The root system part of object, corn stover cannot be used for ensiling, for especially light green corn stover, shine in the sun after cutting down 2 days；
(3) it shreds: the corn stover chaffcutter or cutting grass knife of harvesting is cut up with a hay cutter the length at 5 centimetres, guarantee that filling raw material crushes,
In order to fill sufficiently, while corn stover sugar diffusion can be also allowed, for needed for lactobacter growth breeding；
(4) add leavening: into the corn stover particle be added fermentation accelerant, nutritional additive, be uniformly mixed so as to obtain at the beginning of at
Product；Wherein, fermentation accelerant is made of corn flour, cellulase and lactic acid bacteria, and wherein corn flour additional amount is 12390kg, fine
Tieing up plain enzyme additional amount is 12390kg, and lactobacillus preparation is added according to 109cfu/kg；Nutritional additive is urea, calcium carbonate, food
Salt, wherein the additional amount of urea is 1648kg, and the additional amount of calcium carbonate is 1648kg, and the additional amount of salt is 824kg；It is described its
He adds inorganic salts: copper sulphate 1032.5g, sulfate 2065g, zinc sulfate 826g, cobalt chloride 413g, potassium iodide 41.3g；
(5) it loads process: the corn stover of chopping being packed into silage silo in time by forklift, to be paved layer by layer；Corn stalk
When stalk is inserted in silage silo, forklift is compacted in pan feeding, and silage silo marginal portion should be noted completely densified, creates oxygen free condition；
During corn stover is layered and inserts, when every filling a layer thickness is up to 30 centimetres, with sprayer or manually add to appropriate
Clean water makes the stalk humidity of ensiling reach 70%, avoids because silage silo is larger, causes raw material humidity to decline when filling raw material；
(6) it covers dry matter: adding a certain amount of dry pomace and be covered on first product top layer, 1 meter thick first product and 10 cm thicks
Dry matter capping top be ratio, according to pond work loading height, when loading first product up to 3-4 meter highly (or thickness), with
30-40 centimetres of top closure dry pomace covers one layer of dry matter, prevents a large amount of nutritional ingredient with moisture stream when binding
It loses, reduces nutritive loss, increase the lactic acid fragrance of ensiling；
(7) overlay film pre-processes: when dry matter is flushed with silage silo Chi Kou, and centre is more than 100 centimetres of silage silo pond mouth, covering modeling
Expect to pass through pretreatment before cloth, plastic cloth are laid with: plastics being arranged in air-tight bottle, air and isometric implantation concentration in bottle are extracted
It for 10% ammonia, is placed in insulating box to maintain the temperature at 45 DEG C and be fumigated, the ammonia cure time is 72h, after ammonia cure
It takes out and uses；
(8) earthing is sealed up for safekeeping: spare plastic cloth is covered, then plus soil make real and obturage, 40 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, be made into steamed bun shape,
Be conducive to drain, when blinding should divide two layers, and one layer of soil below wants a foot to tread with suffering a foot, and pat surface smooth；On
One layer of soil in face need to only be made real with spade, crack can be made voluntarily to fill out in this way；The surrounding of silage silo wants drainage trenching, together
When running check, prevent gas leakage, leak, after storing a full pond, should quickly seal pond, it is therefore an objective to raw material be avoided to shine and lose long by the sun
Moisture and nutrition, avoid ensilage from elongating, and keep raw material rotten in pond internal heat generation；By horizental silo be sealed by fermentation 55 days after to get
The ensilage.
Using conventional detection method, nutrition composition each in embodiment 1 to 3 is measured, main indicator contains for lactic acid
Amount, pH value, moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, referring to the following table 1:
1 each group embodiment nutrient content measurement result of table
| Group | Content of lactic acid bacteria (accounts for dry matter %) | PH value | Moisture | Crude protein (accounts for dry matter %) | Crude fibre (accounts for dry matter %) |
| The fresh sample of ensilage | 1.2% | 4.5 | 75% | 9.2% | 28.0% |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.7% | 3.6 | 71% | 16.2% | 24.3% |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.7% | 3.8 | 73% | 15.8% | 23.5% |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.8% | 3.7 | 72% | 16.7% | 24.0% |
By measurement, the Main Nutrient Quality of embodiment 1 to 3 is close with the fresh sample data of its ensiling raw material, with this technique system
Standby ensilage nutritive loss is small, and nutritional quality is preferable.
Effect in order to further illustrate the present invention, inventor selects identical ensilage to prepare raw material, wherein one
Divide the preparation method using the ensilage in the embodiment of the present invention 1, another part uses common preparation method, preparation process
Used in plastic cloth be to fumigate pretreated common plastics cloth without ammonia, and mixing is added in non-Fodder making additive
In material, remaining is identical as the preparation method in embodiment 1, and measurement related data is as shown in table 2:
The measurement of 2 ensilage of table
From Table 2, it can be seen that using the preparation method of ensilage of the invention compared with common preparation method, it is of the invention
In the preparation method of ensilage, since used plastic cloth is to fumigate pretreated film by ammonia, reduce ensiling
The content of flavatin in feed, reduces the mildew rate of ensilage, while reducing the fungi in ensilage,
Feed addictive is added in mixture, the weight percent that lactic acid in ensilage accounts for total acid is improved, ensiling obtained is raised
PH is expected 3.6~3.8, and the crude protein content of ensilage is high, and nutrient component damages are few, are ensilages best in quality.
Above embodiments, which are only used, to be illustrated process program of the invention rather than limits, reference only to preferred embodiment to the present invention
It is described in detail.Those skilled in the art should understand that can modify to technical solution of the present invention or
Person's equivalent replacement should all cover in scope of the presently claimed invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention
In the middle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft, it is characterised in that；Include:
The preparation of silage silo: according to raise livestock head number, the daily scale of feeding of livestock, the density of ensilage, silage silo building ground
The size and shape of gesture design silage silo；
Ensiling raw material is compiled: harvesting fresh corn stalk shines 1 day -2 days in the sun, is cleaned out；
Chopping: by the fresh corn straw chopping, corn stover particle is obtained；
Add feed addictive: according to formula successively into the corn stover particle be added fermentation accelerant, nutritional additive,
Other inorganic salts are uniformly mixed and obtain first product；
Filling process: first product layering being inserted in the silage silo, side pan feeding, side mechanical ramming, and every filling is described just
At 20-30 centimetres of finished product thickness, with sprayer or clean water is manually added to, the stalk humidity of ensiling is made to keep 60%-75%；
It covers dry matter: covering one layer of dry matter, the mass ratio of the first product and the dry matter in the first product top layer
It is 10: 1；
Overlay film pretreatment: one layer of plastic cloth is covered on the dry matter surface, the plastic cloth must be pre-processed before being laid with, will
The plastics are arranged in seal box, and after extracting the ammonia that air and isometric implantation concentration are 10% in case, the plastics will be housed
The seal box of cloth is placed in insulating box, is fumigated at 40-45 DEG C, and the ammonia cure time is 72-96h, is after ammonia cure
Can be taken off using；
Earthing is sealed up for safekeeping: after covering the plastic cloth, it is steady and sure to seal in its edge earthing, and thickness of earth covering is not less than 50cm, after earthing
It is whole with mud floating, to get the ensilage after horizental silo is sealed by fermentation 45~55 days.
2. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (3)
In, the corn stover is cut into 3-5 centimetres of length using any one in chaffcutter or cutting grass knife.
3. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (1)
In, the silage silo side is provided with ramped shaped inlet face, and the gradient is 20-40 degree, and the side wall of the silage silo and ground are adopted
Use concreting.
4. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the corn stover
The mass ratio of particle and the fermentation accelerant, nutritional additive is 100:6:1.
5. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fermentation promotes
Agent is made of corn flour, cellulase and lactic acid bacteria, and the corn stover particle, corn flour, cellulase mass ratio are
100:3:3；According to the corn stover particle quality, lactobacillus preparation is added by 109cfu/kg.
6. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the nutrition addition
Agent is urea, calcium carbonate, salt, wherein the mixed proportion of the urea, calcium carbonate, salt is 2:2:1.
7. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: according to the corn
Crushed straw aggregate quality, other described inorganic salts are added according to following weight standard: 2.5g/ tons of copper sulphate, 5g/ tons of sulfate, sulphur
Sour zinc 2g/ tons, 1g/ tons of cobalt chloride, 0.1g/ tons of potassium iodide.
8. a kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dry matter is
At least one of wheat straw, corn stalk, dry pomace, bran.
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| CN108402313A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-17 | 蔺军 | A kind of preparation method of plastics pond storage straw silage |
| CN111053157A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-24 | 金塔县金畜源牧业有限公司 | Silage wrapping and manufacturing process |
| CN111903834A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-10 | 贵州阳光草业科技有限责任公司 | Composite additive for preparing high-moisture silage as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112497387A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-16 | 浙江优尼家装饰科技有限公司 | Mildew-proof treatment device and method for small bamboos |
| CN112890025A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-04 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | Method for preparing silage by combining mold and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase |
| CN112890024A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-04 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | Silage containing fructus forsythiae and preparation method thereof |
| CN114271383A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-04-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Corn silage preparation device and preparation method for rural families |
| CN114672402A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-06-28 | 山东畜牧兽医职业学院 | Silage production device and preparation method thereof |
| CN115462446A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-12-13 | 仪陇县宏兴畜禽养殖农民专业合作社 | Wild grass composite silage, preparation method thereof and poultry feeding feed |
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| CN112890025A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-04 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | Method for preparing silage by combining mold and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase |
| CN112890024A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-04 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | Silage containing fructus forsythiae and preparation method thereof |
| CN114271383A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-04-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Corn silage preparation device and preparation method for rural families |
| CN114672402A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-06-28 | 山东畜牧兽医职业学院 | Silage production device and preparation method thereof |
| CN114672402B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-26 | 山东畜牧兽医职业学院 | Silage production device and preparation method thereof |
| CN115462446A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-12-13 | 仪陇县宏兴畜禽养殖农民专业合作社 | Wild grass composite silage, preparation method thereof and poultry feeding feed |
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Application publication date: 20190115 |