CN112890025A - Method for preparing silage by combining mold and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase - Google Patents
Method for preparing silage by combining mold and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase Download PDFInfo
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- CN112890025A CN112890025A CN202110226236.7A CN202110226236A CN112890025A CN 112890025 A CN112890025 A CN 112890025A CN 202110226236 A CN202110226236 A CN 202110226236A CN 112890025 A CN112890025 A CN 112890025A
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- silage
- lactic acid
- acid bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing silage by combining mould and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase; secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution; thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding a lactobacillus starch solution and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing; fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: and naturally fermenting the silage bags in a shady and rainy environment at room temperature until the pH value is below 4.2 to obtain the silage. The invention reduces the growth and reproduction of aerobic putrefying bacteria in the silage, avoids or reduces the putrefaction and deterioration of the silage, improves the effective recovery rate of the silage, and reduces the content of neutral and acidic washing fibers and improves the quality of the silage by degrading cellulose macromolecules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the forward development of economy and the progress of society, the requirements of people on living quality are gradually increased, the consumption of milk products is increased year by year, however, the breeding quantity and the milk yield of cows (sheep) cannot meet the requirement of consumption increase, and one of the main limiting factors is the supply of high-quality feed. In order to keep up the vegetation in many areas of China, grazing is forbidden, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the dependence of animal husbandry on food, the corn straws with rich resources become the most ideal source. But the corn straws are relatively strong in seasonality, and are mostly treated in a silage mode in order to ensure that livestock can have enough and nutritious feed all the year round.
The silage is prepared by controlled fermentation of green feed, has the advantages of good reputation of canned grass, good juicy taste, sour and fragrant smell, high digestibility and rich nutrition, and is a first-class feed for livestock such as cattle and sheep. The ensiling can keep the nutrient substances of the green feed to the maximum extent, so that most of the nutrients are preserved, and particularly, the ensiling is far superior to other feed processing and storing methods in the aspect of preserving protein and vitamins (carotene). Due to the fermentation of the microorganisms, a large amount of lactic acid and aromatic substances are produced, and the palatability and the digestibility are further enhanced. In addition, the silage also has good effect on improving the digestibility of the daily ration of the livestock and other feeds, and ensures the annual balanced supply of the green feed and nutrient substances of the dairy cattle breeding industry.
In the existing silage production, in order to ensure the quality of silage, the contact between the feed and oxygen is reduced as much as possible in the silage process, but the contact cannot be completely realized in the actual process, so that part of silage is often mildewed and deteriorated, and the product quality and the economic benefit of the silage are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of high-quality silage.
The method for preparing the silage by combining the mould and the lactic acid bacteria for producing the cellulase comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase;
secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;
thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding a lactobacillus starch solution and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;
fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags in a shady and rainy environment at room temperature until the pH value is below 4.2 to obtain silage;
wherein the mold for producing cellulase is Aspergillus usamil 3.2926; the straws are full straws of corns in the milk stage.
The method can solve the problems of surface mildew and deterioration and feed quality improvement in the existing whole corn silage process in the milk maturity stage of corn. In the ensiling process, Aspergillus usamil 3.2926(Aspergillus usamil) is rich in saccharifying enzyme and cellulase, enzymes generated by Aspergillus usamil which slightly grow in the ensiling feed can degrade partial starch and cellulose, generated monosaccharide is converted into lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria, so that the effect of preventing mildew and rot on the surface of the ensiling feed is enhanced, the cellulose is degraded by the cellulase, the content of neutral and acidic washing cellulose is effectively reduced, the digestibility of cellulose by herbivores such as cattle and sheep is improved, and the quality of the ensiling feed is improved.
The invention inoculates lactobacillus and aspergillus usamii in the silage straw feed, and adds exogenous starch at the same time. The purpose of adding the lactic acid bacteria is to provide sufficient initial live bacteria for ensiling and improve the starting speed of lactic acid fermentation in the ensiling process. The addition of the aspergillus usamii and the starch aims to quickly consume oxygen in the silage through the growth of the aspergillus usamii, quickly form an anaerobic environment, reduce the growth and reproduction of aerobic putrefying bacteria in the silage, avoid or reduce the putrefying deterioration of the silage, improve the effective recovery rate of the silage, reduce the content of neutral and acidic washing fibers through the degradation of cellulose macromolecules, improve the quality of the silage, and finally achieve the fundamental purpose of improving the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the silage by combining the mold and the lactic acid bacteria for producing the cellulase is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase;
secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;
thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding a lactobacillus starch solution and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;
fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags in a shady and rainy environment at room temperature until the pH value is below 4.2 to obtain silage;
wherein the mold for producing cellulase is Aspergillus usamil 3.2926; the straws are full straws of corns in the milk stage.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: and in the second step, the concentration of starch in the lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch is 2.0-5.0%. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: in the first step, the lactobacillus is subjected to two-stage activation proliferation in an MRS culture medium, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus in the bacterium liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 108～1×109CFU/ml. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The lactobacillus in the embodiment is lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum) 1.11; the Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum)1.11 is cultured at constant temperature of 30 deg.C for 18-24 hr to obtain effective viable count of 1 × 108～109CFU/ml。
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to third embodiments in that: preparation of aspergillus usamii spore suspension: the Aspergillus usamii is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and then is subjected to secondary amplification culture by a triangular flask and a curved plate, and is dried and crushed to prepare the Aspergillus usamii spore 1 × 1011And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare aspergillus usamii spore suspension. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The solid shallow fermentation takes wheat bran and corn as main raw materials; after the solid shallow fermentation medium is subjected to material preparation, sterilization, cooling and seed starter inoculation, the solid shallow fermentation medium is cultured for 48 to 72 hours to form spores, and the culture is finished; drying at low temperature (below 55 deg.C), pulverizing, sieving, and packaging under 80 mesh sieve to obtain the product with spore number of 1 × 1011More than one spore per gram, and diluting with clean water before use to obtain spore suspension.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fourth embodiments in that: adding 1-1.5L of starch lactic acid bacteria liquid into each ton of straws in the third step; 150 ml-500 ml of aspergillus usamii spore suspension is added into each ton of straws in the third step. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that: the length of the short straw cut in the third step is 2-10 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
Example 1
Preparing silage:
firstly, preparing a lactobacillus plantarum 1.11(lactobacillus plantarum) bacterial liquid and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase; the effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid reaches 5 multiplied by 108CFU/ml；
Secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;
thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding a lactobacillus starch solution and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;
fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags in a shady and rainy environment at room temperature until the pH value is below 4.2 to obtain silage;
wherein the mold for producing cellulase is Aspergillus usamil 3.2926; the straws are full straws of corns in the milk stage;
in the second step, the concentration of starch in the lactic acid bacteria liquid containing starch is 5.0 percent;
preparation of aspergillus usamii spore suspension: the Aspergillus usamii is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and then is subjected to secondary amplification culture by a triangular flask and a curved plate, and is dried and crushed to prepare the Aspergillus usamii spore 1 × 1011Diluting CFU/g seed with 50 times of water before use to obtain Aspergillus usamii spore suspension;
adding 1.2L of starch lactic acid bacteria liquid into each ton of straws in the third step; adding 400ml of aspergillus usamii spore suspension into each ton of straws in the third step; the length of the short straw cut in the third step is 2-5 cm.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the starch concentration in the lactic acid bacteria starch solution is 0%. Other ensiling processes and conditions and procedures of use were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
This example is different from example 1 in that Aspergillus usamil (Aspergillus usamil)3.292 was not added. Other ensiling processes and conditions and procedures of use were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The difference between this example and example 1 is that a commercially available straw silage inoculant (composite enzyme silage and dry silage preparations from Seisaku Kogyo) is used instead of Lactobacillus plantarum 1.11(Lactobacillus plantarum) and Aspergillus usamii (Aspergillus usamii) 3.2926 spore suspension, and no starch is added. The commercial straw silage inoculant is used according to the instruction. Other ensiling processes and conditions and procedures of use were the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 1 is that a commercially available straw silage inoculant (available from Heilongjiang, Suaeda salsa, Ltd.) was used instead of the Lactobacillus plantarum 1.11(Lactobacillus plantarum) solution and Aspergillus usamil (Aspergillus usamil)3.2926 spore suspension, without adding starch. The commercial straw silage inoculant is used according to the instruction. Other ensiling processes and conditions and procedures of use were the same as in example 1.
Table 1 tests according to the national animal husbandry Association of China for the complete silage corn T/CAAA0005-2018
And (3) analyzing an experimental result:
1. example 1 compared to example 2, the difference in pH was significant in both indices, aminopeptide nitrogen/total nitrogen, and the other indices were not significant, with a pH drop of about 0.2 units and an ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen drop of 3.04%, indicating a good effect of the addition of lactic acid bacteria on silage.
2. Compared with examples 3-5, the difference of the example 1 is obvious in five indexes of pH, aminopeptide nitrogen/total nitrogen neutral washing fiber, acid washing fiber, starch and the like, and the difference of the two indexes of acetic acid and butyric acid is not obvious. Wherein the pH value is reduced by about 0.4 unit, the ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is reduced by about 6.36-6.46%, the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 4.13-4.30%, the acid detergent fiber is reduced by 4.85-5.38%, although the starch content is reduced by 1.26-1.35%, the starch content is not beneficial to the quality of silage, the whole index shows the good effect of externally adding aspergillus usamii.
3. Compared with the example 3, the difference of the five indexes of pH, aminopeptide nitrogen/total nitrogen neutral washing fiber, acid washing fiber, starch and the like is obvious, and the difference of the two indexes of acetic acid and butyric acid is not obvious. Wherein the pH value is reduced by 0.19 unit, the ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is reduced by about 3.38%, the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 3.94%, and the acid detergent fiber is reduced by 4.87%, which shows that the single use of the aspergillus usamii can obtain better silage effect than the single use of the lactobacillus.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing silage by combining mould and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase;
secondly, preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus liquid to prepare lactobacillus liquid containing starch;
thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding a lactobacillus starch solution and a mould spore suspension for producing cellulase while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;
fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags in a shady and rainy environment at room temperature until the pH value is below 4.2 to obtain silage;
wherein the mold for producing cellulase is Aspergillus usamil 3.2926; the straws are full straws of corns in the milk stage.
2. The method for preparing silage by combining mold and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of starch in the lactic acid bacteria solution containing starch in the second step is 2.0% -5.0%; in the first step, the lactobacillus is subjected to two-stage activation proliferation in an MRS culture medium, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus in the bacterium liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 108～1×109CFU/ml。
3. The method for preparing silage by combining mold producing cellulase and lactic acid bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that aspergillus usamii spore suspension is prepared: the Aspergillus usamii is cultured by solid shallow fermentation, and then is subjected to secondary amplification culture by a triangular flask and a curved plate, and is dried and crushed to prepare the Aspergillus usamii spore 1 × 1011And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare aspergillus usamii spore suspension.
4. The method for preparing the silage by combining the mold and the lactic acid bacteria for producing the cellulase according to claim 1, wherein 1-1.5L of starch lactic acid bacteria liquid is added to each ton of straws in the third step; 150 ml-500 ml of aspergillus usamii spore suspension is added into each ton of straws in the third step.
5. The method for preparing the silage by combining the mold for producing the cellulase and the lactic acid bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the length of the short straw in the third step is 2-10 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110226236.7A CN112890025A (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Method for preparing silage by combining mold and lactic acid bacteria for producing cellulase |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102127528A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 江南大学 | Method for producing cellulose by utilizing aspergillus usamii |
| CN102775504A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-14 | 白银赛诺生物科技有限公司 | Process for producing maize starch by using enzymic method |
| CN102987097A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 成都信息工程学院 | Method for producing complex enzyme preparation for feed by use of panax pseudoginseng slag fermentation |
| CN103141692A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-06-12 | 邹平泰康生物饲料有限公司 | Feed additive for ruminant animals and preparation method thereof |
| CN109198181A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-15 | 金塔县金畜源牧业有限公司 | A kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft |
-
2021
- 2021-03-01 CN CN202110226236.7A patent/CN112890025A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102127528A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 江南大学 | Method for producing cellulose by utilizing aspergillus usamii |
| CN102775504A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-14 | 白银赛诺生物科技有限公司 | Process for producing maize starch by using enzymic method |
| CN102987097A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 成都信息工程学院 | Method for producing complex enzyme preparation for feed by use of panax pseudoginseng slag fermentation |
| CN103141692A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-06-12 | 邹平泰康生物饲料有限公司 | Feed additive for ruminant animals and preparation method thereof |
| CN109198181A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-15 | 金塔县金畜源牧业有限公司 | A kind of cornstalk silage manufacture craft |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 欧阳汝钧等: "《肉牛高效益饲养技术》", 30 January 2004, 江西科学技术出版社 * |
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