CN109156616A - Mixed silage feed and preparation method - Google Patents
Mixed silage feed and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
本发明属于动物饲料技术领域，涉及一种混合青贮饲料及制备方法。本发明的混合青贮饲料包括饲草作物和青贮菌剂。其中，饲草作物，包括：饲用甜高粱、高丹草和青贮玉米；青贮菌剂，包括：FHI、MMD3或FHIIL中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。该混合青贮饲料的制备方法，包括：将饲草作物和青贮菌剂混合，进行青贮发酵，得到混合青贮饲料。该混合青贮饲料，粗蛋白含量高、粗脂肪含量高、消化利用率高，有助于家畜瘤胃降解；添加的青贮菌剂，调节了青贮饲料微生物区系，促进乳酸菌发酵，改善了青贮饲料的品质和适口性。本发明为解决粗饲料短缺及其储存问题提供了技术支撑，进而保障了畜产品的有效供给。The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and relates to a mixed silage and a preparation method. The mixed silage of the present invention includes forage crops and silage inoculants. Wherein, the forage crops include: forage sweet sorghum, sorghum and silage corn; and silage inoculants include: any one or a combination of at least two of FHI, MMD3 or FHIIL. The preparation method of the mixed silage comprises the following steps: mixing the forage crops and the silage fungus, and fermenting the silage to obtain the mixed silage. The mixed silage has high crude protein content, high crude fat content, and high digestibility and utilization rate, which is beneficial to the rumen degradation of livestock; the added silage bacterial agent adjusts the silage microflora, promotes lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and improves the silage. Quality and palatability. The invention provides technical support for solving the problem of roughage shortage and storage, thereby ensuring the effective supply of animal products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of animal, in particular to a kind of mixed silage feed and preparation method.
Background technique
In northern China, as soon as crops are mostly that a season is ripe, therefore autumn and winter will appear the phenomenon that fodder grass lacks, especially
It is fresh green fodder grass.Peasant's majority is fed with hay, this feed mode, significantly reduces the nutritional ingredient of forage grass and agreeable to the taste
Property.If being processed by ensiling, the ensilage being made into is not only similar to the nutritive value of green forage, but also palatability is good.
In addition, ensilage can solve the problems, such as that northern area winter greenfeed lacks with long-term preservation.
Feeding sugar grass is a mutation for grain sorghum, has the advantages that high photosynthetic efficiency, high biological yield and high sugar content,
As the energy, feed and sugar source the crop most attention by countries in the world.Feeding sugar grass cauline leaf is rich in amino acid, dimension life
Element, minerals etc., full of nutrition, leaf juice content is more, and soluble sugar content is high in stem, and high conversion rate, palatability is good, is animal husbandry
The important feed crop of development is the preferred forage crop for making ensiling.
Although feeding sugar grass is easy production ensiling since soluble sugar content is abundant, feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed
Crude fiber content higher its nutritive value is caused to be affected.In addition, domestic animal eats the digestibility of hemicellulose or cellulose
Lower, lignin can not be utilized, and then hinder Rumen of livestock degradation.
In consideration of it, at least one of the present invention is specifically proposed to solve the above problems.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mixed silage feed, the mixed silage feed, crude protein content is high,
Crude fat content is high, digestive utilization ratio is high, facilitates Rumen of livestock degradation；The silage inoculants bacteria of addition, it is micro- to have adjusted ensilage
Biota promotes lactobacillus-fermented, improves the quality and palatability of ensilage, efficiently solves independent feeding sugar grass
The problem of ensilage causes its nutritive value to be affected because crude fiber content is higher.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of mixed silage feed, preparation method operation letter
It is single, it is environmentally protective, technical support is provided to solve roughage shortage and its storage problem, has ensured effective confession of livestock products
It gives, and then alleviates the disparities between supply and demand of China's grain.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of mixed silage feed, including following raw material: forage crop
And silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop, comprising: feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn；
Silage inoculants bacteria, comprising: in FHI, MMD3 or FHIIL any one or at least two combination.
As further preferred technical solution, every kilogram of forage crop corresponds to 0.5-2mL silage inoculants bacteria；
Preferably, silage inoculants bacteria includes FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL, and the amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL are (1-2): (1-
2): (1-2).
As further preferred technical solution, the strain content of microbial inoculum FHI is 1 × 108cfu/mL-3×108cfu/mL；
And/or the strain content of microbial inoculum MMD3 is 1 × 109cfu/mL-2×109cfu/mL；
And/or the strain content of microbial inoculum FHIIL is 3 × 108cfu/mL-5×108cfu/mL。
As further preferred technical solution, the forage crop is in percentage by weight, comprising: 25%-50%'s
Feeding sugar grass, the Sorghum sudanense of 25%-50% and the silage corn of 25%-50%；
Preferably, forage crop is in percentage by weight, comprising: the feeding sugar grass of 30%-35%, 30%-35%
Sorghum sudanense and 30%-35% silage corn.
As further preferred technical solution, the pH value of the mixed silage feed is lower than 3.95, and lactic acid content exists
5.180% or more, acetic acid content 1.988% hereinafter, propionic acid content 0.400% hereinafter, ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen content exists
9.08% hereinafter, dry matter content is 29.80% or more, and crude fat content is 3.99% or more, and crude protein content is 12.60%
More than, water-soluble carbohydrate content is 4.89% or more, and neutral detergent fiber content is 42.70% hereinafter, acidic cleaning
Fiber content is 23.41% hereinafter, crude fiber content is below 27.10%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides the preparation method of the mixed silage feed described in one kind,
The following steps are included:
Forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria are mixed, silage fermentation is carried out, obtains mixed silage feed.
As further preferred technical solution, before mixing, further include the steps that forage crop harvesting, dissection；
Preferably, the forage crop complete stool harvesting；
Preferably, the period of harvesting is milk stage to dough stage；
Preferably, before the dissection step, the moisture for adjusting forage crop is 65%-70%；
Preferably, the length of the dissection is 2-3cm.
As further preferred technical solution, silage fermentation is the following steps are included: by the mixed of forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria
Conjunction object layering, which is filled to, is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar, is compacted, envelope cellar；
Preferably, every layer of the layering is with a thickness of 30-40cm；
Preferably, the mixture of forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55-65cm；
Preferably, envelope cellar the following steps are included: when on Jiao Bi apart from entrance of cellar 25-35cm film laying, it is then close
Envelope, cladding thickness is the dirt bed of 40-50cm immediately.
As further preferred technical solution, the temperature of silage fermentation is 25-30 DEG C, and the time of silage fermentation is 90-120
It.
As further preferred technical solution, the pH value of the mixed silage feed is lower than 3.95, and lactic acid content exists
5.180% or more, acetic acid content 1.988% hereinafter, propionic acid content 0.400% hereinafter, ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen content exists
9.08% hereinafter, dry matter content is 29.80% or more, and crude fat content is 3.99% or more, and crude protein content is 12.60%
More than, water-soluble carbohydrate content is 4.89% or more, and neutral detergent fiber content is 42.70% hereinafter, acidic cleaning
Fiber content is 23.41% hereinafter, crude fiber content is below 27.10%.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, a kind of mixed silage feed provided by the invention, by between feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn
Coordinated improves crude protein content, crude fat content and the digestive utilization ratio of ensilage, facilitates Rumen of livestock drop
Solution.In addition, the silage inoculants bacteria of addition, has adjusted ensilage microbiota, sugar is made full use of to be bred as carbon source,
A variety of alcohols materials such as crude protein content is increased, while ethyl alcohol can be generated, promotes lactobacillus-fermented, improve ensilage
Quality and palatability；
Statistics indicate that: compared with independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed, the lactic acid of mixed silage feed provided by the invention
Content improves 25.9%-49.4%, crude fat content improves 28.2%%-44.2%, crude protein content improves
27.6%-50.1%, water-soluble carbohydrate content improve 59.9%-89.2%.
2, the preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed provided by the invention, it is easy to operate, it is environmentally protective, to solve crude feed
Material shortage and its storage problem provide technical support, have ensured the effective supply of livestock products, and then alleviate China's grain
Disparities between supply and demand.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment and comparative example, still
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that following embodiments and embodiment are merely to illustrate the present invention, and it is not construed as limitation originally
The range of invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are without making creative work
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.The person that is not specified actual conditions, according to normal conditions or
The condition that manufacturer suggests carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Conventional products.
In a first aspect, providing a kind of mixed silage feed, including following raw material: forage crop at least one embodiment
And silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop, comprising: feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn；
Silage inoculants bacteria, comprising: in FHI, MMD3 or FHIIL any one or at least two combination.
Present invention is generally directed to independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed crude fiber content is higher and the relatively low problem of protein,
A kind of mixed silage feed is provided.The mixed silage feed, crude protein content is high, crude fat content is high, digestive utilization ratio is high, has
Help Rumen of livestock degradation；The silage inoculants bacteria of addition has adjusted ensilage microbiota, promotes lactobacillus-fermented, improves
The nutritive value and palatability of ensilage.
Feeding sugar grass is a mutation for grain sorghum, has the advantages that high photosynthetic efficiency, high biological yield and high sugar content,
As the energy, feed and sugar source the crop most attention by countries in the world.Feeding sugar grass cauline leaf is rich in amino acid, dimension life
Element, minerals etc., full of nutrition, leaf juice content is more, and soluble sugar content is high in stem, and high conversion rate, palatability is good, is animal husbandry
The important feed crop of development is the preferred forage crop for making ensiling.
Sorghum sudanense is annual or more year raw gramineae plant, is the kind as made of sorghum and the Sudan's grass crossing.Gao Dan
Grass comprehensive Sorghum Stalk Diameter, leaf width and the strong advantage of sudangrass tillering ability, regeneration power, hybrid vigour is clearly.Contain in hay
There is crude protein and sugar content is higher, is suitable for ensiling.In addition, Sorghum sudanense drought resistance is good, yield is high.
Silage corn refers to a kind of jade of ground whole green plant of the harvest including fruit ear in harvest
Rice.It has high biological yield, content of starch height, water-soluble carbohydrate content height, protein content height, fiber quality
Well, the features such as green property is good is held.
The effect of silage inoculants bacteria is the microbiota purposefully adjusted in ensilage, promotes lactobacillus-fermented, is adjusted
The process for controlling silage fermentation makes forage crop form sourer microbial environment, inhibits the metabolism and growth of other spoilage organisms, so that
The nutrient of forage crop is effectively saved, and then improves the Silage Quality of ensilage on the whole.
It should be noted that the MMD3 microbial inoculum that the present invention uses is FHI the and FHIIL bacterium using clover stalk as strain source
Agent is using feeding sweet sorghum stalk as strain source.
" comprising " of the present invention, it is intended that it can also include other raw materials, these other raw materials in addition to the raw material
Assign the mixed silage feed different characteristics.In addition to this, " comprising " of the present invention may be replaced by closed
" for " or " by ... form ".
In a preferred embodiment, every kilogram of forage crop corresponds to 0.5-2mL silage inoculants bacteria；
Preferably, silage inoculants bacteria includes FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL, and the amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL are (1-2): (1-
2): (1-2).
It should be noted that the present invention does not have particular/special requirement for the addition manner of silage inoculants bacteria.It can be by silage inoculants bacteria
Directly mixed with forage crop；It is mixed after the distilled water of silage inoculants bacteria equivalent can also being diluted with forage crop, for example, every thousand
Gram forage crop uses silage inoculants bacteria 1mL, then every kilogram of forage crop need to use the dilution 2mL of silage inoculants bacteria.
It is typical but unrestricted, the amount of the corresponding silage inoculants bacteria of every kilogram of forage crop for example can be 0.5mL, 0.8mL,
1mL, 1.3mL, 1.5mL or 2.0mL；The amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL can be 1:1:1,1:2:1,1:1:1.5 or 2:2:
2。
In a preferred embodiment, the strain content of microbial inoculum FHI is 1 × 108cfu/mL-3×108cfu/mL；
And/or the strain content of microbial inoculum MMD3 is 1 × 109cfu/mL-2×109cfu/mL；
And/or the strain content of microbial inoculum FHIIL is 3 × 108cfu/mL-5×108cfu/mL。
In a preferred embodiment, the forage crop is in percentage by weight, comprising: 25%-50%'s
Feeding sugar grass, the Sorghum sudanense of 25%-50% and the silage corn of 25%-50%；
Preferably, in percentage by weight, comprising: the feeding sugar grass of 30%-35%, the Sorghum sudanense of 30%-35%
With the silage corn of 30%-35%.
It is typical but unrestricted, forage crop can by 35% feeding sugar grass, 35% Sorghum sudanense and 30% blueness
Store corn composition；It can be made of 25% feeding sugar grass, 25% Sorghum sudanense and 50% silage corn；It can also be by
40% feeding sugar grass, 25% Sorghum sudanense and 35% silage corn composition.
The fermentation quality of ensilage mainly investigates the pH value of ensilage, organic acid (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid) contains
Amount, the content of ammoniacal nitrogen, dry matter content, crude protein content, acid detergent fiber content, neutral detergent fiber content and carbon water
Compounds content etc..
In a preferred embodiment, the pH value of the mixed silage feed is lower than 3.95, and lactic acid content exists
5.180% or more, acetic acid content 1.988% hereinafter, propionic acid content 0.400% hereinafter, ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen content exists
9.08% hereinafter, dry matter content is 29.80% or more, and crude fat content is 3.99% or more, and crude protein content is 12.60%
More than, water-soluble carbohydrate content is 4.89% or more, and neutral detergent fiber content is 42.70% hereinafter, acidic cleaning
Fiber content is 23.41% hereinafter, crude fiber content is below 27.10%.
It should be noted that above-mentioned percentage is the percentage of mixed silage diet dry matter weight.
The content explanation of each substance in above-mentioned ensilage, the Silage Quality performance of mixed silage feed of the invention are excellent
It is good, it can be used as the use of animal feed further genralrlization.
The color of mixed silage feed of the invention is in yellow green, and close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure is clear, matter
Ground is soft, and fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, loose soft tack-free.
Second aspect provides the preparation method of mixed silage feed described in one kind at least one embodiment, including
Following steps:
Forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria are mixed, silage fermentation is carried out, obtains mixed silage feed.
A kind of preparation method of mixed silage feed provided by the invention, it is easy to operate, it is environmentally protective, to solve roughage
Shortage and its storage problem provide technical support, have ensured the effective supply of livestock products, and then alleviate the confession of China's grain
Seek contradiction.
In order to guarantee the effect of ensiling, before preparing ensilage, need to select suitable horizental silo.It can generally select
Select underground type cellar (volume size 40-50kg/m3).If level of ground water is higher, to avoid the infiltration of cellar bottom, semi-underground type cellar is selected
Preferably with ground type cellar.
The surrounding brick or stone of horizental silo are thorough at cement mortar plastering letter out, inner wall smooth is vertical or up big and down small to be in
Infundibulate or inverted trapezoidal make ensiling raw material more be adjacent to Jiao Bi, in favor of emptying air, reduce ensiling loss.In addition, horizental silo
Entrance and exit will have the gradient with convenient transportation feed.
It needs for the eliminating impurities in horizental silo to be first rinsed with water before ensiling, be killed after dry with hundred, hundred bacterium are gone out or sterilize prestige
Equal disinfectants to inside and outside horizental silo and its surrounding carry out disinfection it is spare.
In a preferred embodiment, before mixing, further include the steps that forage crop harvesting, dissection；
Preferably, the forage crop complete stool harvesting；
Preferably, the period of harvesting is milk stage to dough stage；
Preferably, before the dissection step, the moisture for adjusting forage crop is 65%-70%；
Preferably, the length of the dissection is 2-3cm.
It should be noted that the moisture for adjusting forage crop is that 65%-70% (i.e. firmly twist and turn round by hand before dissection step
Stalk is continuous) purpose be limitation or avoid the fermentation of harmful bacteria, silage effluent is reduced, to improve mixed silage feed
Amount of dry matter.Such as can choose bright day gas and spread forage crop out, it is irradiated by sunlight by the moisture of forage crop
It shines to 65%-70%.
On the other hand forage crop is prescinded to 2-3cm can promote on the one hand convenient for livestock and poultry feeding chewing, digestion and absorption
Into the saccharification and fermentation of forage grass.
In a preferred embodiment, silage fermentation is the following steps are included: by the mixed of forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria
Conjunction object layering, which is filled to, is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar, is compacted, envelope cellar；
Preferably, every layer of the layering is with a thickness of 30-40cm；
Preferably, the mixture of forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55-65cm；
Preferably, envelope cellar the following steps are included: when on Jiao Bi apart from entrance of cellar 25-35cm film laying, it is then close
It seals, immediately the dirt bed of cladding thickness 40-50cm.
Before silage fermentation, the place of the surrounding about 1m in horizental silo is needed to dig gutter, or in horizental silo
Simple rainshed is built in top, prevents rainwater from penetrating into horizental silo.In addition, during silage fermentation, need to horizental silo into
Row checks.Such as checked comprehensively for 5-6 days after ensiling, the occurrence of collapsing, preventing leak gas leakage is repaired, in time to protect
Demonstrate,prove the quality of ensilage.
It is to be appreciated that the purpose that ensilage is higher by entrance of cellar is that the ensilage after fermentation is avoided to sink to causing naturally
Horizontal silo top depression generates gap, to influence the effect of ensiling.In addition, dirt bed, which can choose, piles steamed bun shape
Shape facilitates draining.
Distance is stored when the present invention is higher by the height of entrance of cellar, film laying for lift height, the ensilage of silage fermentation
Mouthful height and the range of thickness etc. of dirt bed be not particularly limited, typical but unrestricted, lift height for example can be
30cm, 33cm, 35cm, 38cm or 40cm；The height that ensilage is higher by entrance of cellar for example can be 55cm, 58cm, 60cm, 62cm
Or 65cm；It apart from the height of entrance of cellar for example can be 25cm, 27cm, 29cm, 33cm or 35cm when film laying；The thickness of dirt bed
Degree for example can be 40cm, 42cm, 44cm, 46cm, 48cm or 50cm.
The present invention is not particularly limited the range of the temperature and time of silage fermentation, in a kind of preferred embodiment
In, the temperature of silage fermentation is 25-30 DEG C, and the time of silage fermentation is 90-120 days.
Typical but unrestricted, the temperature of silage fermentation for example can be 25 DEG C, 26 DEG C, 27 DEG C, 28 DEG C, 29 DEG C or 30
℃；The time of silage fermentation for example can be 90 days, 93 days, 95 days, 100 days, 110 days, 115 days or 120 days.
In a preferred embodiment, the pH value of the mixed silage feed is lower than 3.95, and lactic acid content exists
5.180% or more, acetic acid content 1.988% hereinafter, propionic acid content 0.400% hereinafter, ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen content exists
9.08% hereinafter, dry matter content is 29.80% or more, and crude fat content is 3.99% or more, and crude protein content is 12.60%
More than, water-soluble carbohydrate content is 4.89% or more, and neutral detergent fiber content is 42.70% hereinafter, acidic cleaning
Fiber content is 23.41% hereinafter, crude fiber content is below 27.10%.
Combined with specific embodiments below and comparative example, the invention will be further described.
" the ensilage performance rating mark that the ensiling sensory evaluation of ensilage of the present invention is promulgated referring to the Ministry of Agriculture of China
It is quasi- " it is evaluated, it is assessed as 4 grades excellent, good, general and inferior.
Each index determining method in ensilage fermentation quality evaluation is as follows: ensilage is dried in 65 DEG C of baking ovens
Constant weight measures water content and dry matter content；PH value is measured with Accurate pH analyzer；Thick protein, total nitrogen use Kai Shiding nitrogen
Method measurement；The Volatile fatty acid contents such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid use high effective liquid chromatography for measuring；In, acidic cleaning it is fine
Dimension and crude fibre are measured using Fan Shi fiber；Soluble-carbohydrate is measured using Sulphuric acid-anthrone colorimetry；Ammoniacal nitrogen uses
Phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method for determining；The measuring method of other each indexs is referring to " feed quality inspection technology ".
Embodiment 1
Mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 40kg, including 25% feeding sugar grass, 25% Sorghum sudanense and 50% silage corn；
FHI silage inoculants bacteria 20mL.
The preparation method of mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of milk stage to dough stage are gathered in, and shining to moisture is 65-
70%；
(2) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are distinguished into dissection to 2-3cm；
(3) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of dissection are uniformly mixed, then by strain content be 1 ×
108cfu/mL-3×108The FHI microbial inoculum 20mL of cfu/mL is diluted with 20mL distilled water, then that 40mLFHI microbial inoculum dilution is equal
It is even to be sprayed in forage crop；
(4) forage crop of above-mentioned addition microbial inoculum is layered filling, and smooth compacting in time from cellar bottom with the thickness of 30cm.
When being filled to from entrance of cellar 25cm, the paving plastic film on Jiao Bi is in case envelope cellar.To avoid ensilage after fermentation from sinking naturally
Lead to horizontal silo top depression and generate gap, ensilage is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 60cm, is then sealed with plastic cloth,
And the dirt bed that cladding thickness is 40cm is compacted ensilage, dirt bed piles steamed bun shape, facilitates draining；
Wherein, fermentation temperature is 25 DEG C, and fermentation time is 90 days；
(5) gutter has been dug in the place of cellar surrounding 1m, Simple rainshed can also be built above horizental silo, prevents rainwater from penetrating into
In cellar.It is checked comprehensively within 5-6 days after ensiling, repairing collapses in time, with preventing water leakage gas leakage, guarantees ensiling quality.
The color of mixed silage feed manufactured in the present embodiment is in yellow green, close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure
Clearly, fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is excellent；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 3.87, lactic acid content 5.262%, acetic acid content 1.925%, third
Acid content is 0.385%, and it is 8.87% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 30.4%, and crude fat content is
4.05%, crude protein content 12.79%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 5.13%, neutral detergent fiber content is
42.50%, acid detergent fiber content is 23.01%, crude fiber content 26.68%.
Embodiment 2
Mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 50kg, including 25% feeding sugar grass, 50% Sorghum sudanense and 25% silage corn；
MMD3 silage inoculants bacteria 100mL.
The preparation method of mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of milk stage to dough stage are gathered in, and shining to moisture is 65-
70%；
(2) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are distinguished into dissection to 2-3cm；
(3) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of dissection are uniformly mixed, then by strain content be 1 ×
109cfu/mL-2×109The MMD3 microbial inoculum 100mL of cfu/mL is diluted with 100mL distilled water, then dilutes 200mLMMD3 microbial inoculum
Liquid is uniformly sprayed in forage crop；
(4) forage crop of above-mentioned addition microbial inoculum is layered filling, and smooth compacting in time from cellar bottom with the thickness of 40cm.
When being filled to from entrance of cellar 35cm, the paving plastic film on Jiao Bi is in case envelope cellar.To avoid ensilage after fermentation from sinking naturally
Lead to horizontal silo top depression and generate gap, ensilage is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 65cm, is then sealed with plastic cloth,
And the dirt bed that cladding thickness is 50cm is compacted ensilage, dirt bed piles steamed bun shape, facilitates draining；
Wherein, fermentation temperature is 30 DEG C, and fermentation time is 120 days；
(5) gutter has been dug in the place of cellar surrounding 1m, Simple rainshed can also be built above horizental silo, prevents rainwater from penetrating into
In cellar.It is checked comprehensively within 5-6 days after ensiling, repairing collapses in time, with preventing water leakage gas leakage, guarantees ensiling quality.
The color of mixed silage feed manufactured in the present embodiment is in yellow green, close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure
Clearly, fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is excellent；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 3.94, lactic acid content 5.190%, acetic acid content 1.978%, third
Acid content is 0.390%, and it is 9.00% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 29.85%, and crude fat content is
4.00%, crude protein content 12.61%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 4.99%, neutral detergent fiber content is
42.67%, acid detergent fiber content is 23.40%, crude fiber content 27.05%.
Embodiment 3
Mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 40kg, including 50% feeding sugar grass, 25% Sorghum sudanense and 25% silage corn；
FHIIL silage inoculants bacteria 40mL.
The preparation method of mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of milk stage to dough stage are gathered in, and shining to moisture is 65-
70%；
(2) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are distinguished into dissection to 2-3cm；
(3) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of dissection are uniformly mixed；Then by strain content be 3 ×
108cfu/mL-5×108The FHIIL microbial inoculum 40mL of cfu/mL is diluted with 40mL distilled water, then dilutes 80mLFHIIL microbial inoculum
Liquid is uniformly sprayed in forage crop；
(4) forage crop of above-mentioned addition microbial inoculum is layered filling, and smooth compacting in time from cellar bottom with the thickness of 35cm.
When being filled to from entrance of cellar 30cm, the paving plastic film on Jiao Bi is in case envelope cellar.To avoid ensilage after fermentation from sinking naturally
Lead to horizontal silo top depression and generate gap, ensilage is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55cm, is then sealed with plastic cloth,
And the dirt bed that cladding thickness is 45cm is compacted ensilage, dirt bed piles steamed bun shape, facilitates draining；
Wherein, fermentation temperature is 27 DEG C, and fermentation time is 100 days；
(5) gutter has been dug in the place of cellar surrounding 1m, Simple rainshed can also be built above horizental silo, prevents rainwater from penetrating into
In cellar.It is checked comprehensively within 5-6 days after ensiling, repairing collapses in time, with preventing water leakage gas leakage, guarantees ensiling quality.
The color of mixed silage feed manufactured in the present embodiment is in yellow green, close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure
Clearly, fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is excellent；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 3.64, lactic acid content 6.155%, acetic acid content 1.382%, third
Acid content is 0.215%, and it is 8.25% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 36.4%, and crude fat content is
4.50%, crude protein content 14.83%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 6.21%, neutral detergent fiber content is
40.32%, acid detergent fiber content is 21.08%, crude fiber content 24.5%.
Embodiment 4
Mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 40kg, including 33% feeding sugar grass, 33% Sorghum sudanense and 34% silage corn；
Silage inoculants bacteria 30mL, including FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL, the amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL are 1:1:1.
The preparation method of mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of milk stage to dough stage are gathered in, and shining to moisture is 65-
70%；
(2) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are distinguished into dissection to 2-3cm；
(3) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of dissection are uniformly mixed；Then by strain content be 1 ×
108cfu/mL-3×108The FHI microbial inoculum 10mL of cfu/mL, strain content are 1 × 109cfu/mL-2×109The MMD3 of cfu/mL
Microbial inoculum 10mL and strain content are 3 × 108cfu/mL-5×10830mL distilled water is used after the FHIIL microbial inoculum 10mL mixing of cfu/mL
60mL silage inoculants bacteria dilution, is then uniformly sprayed in forage crop by dilution；
(4) forage crop of above-mentioned addition microbial inoculum is layered filling, and smooth compacting in time from cellar bottom with the thickness of 35cm.
When being filled to from entrance of cellar 30cm, the paving plastic film on Jiao Bi is in case envelope cellar.To avoid ensilage after fermentation from sinking naturally
Lead to horizontal silo top depression and generate gap, ensilage is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55cm, is then sealed with plastic cloth,
And the dirt bed that cladding thickness is 45cm is compacted ensilage, dirt bed piles steamed bun shape, facilitates draining；
Wherein, fermentation temperature is 28 DEG C, and fermentation time is 110 days；
(5) gutter has been dug in the place of cellar surrounding 1m, Simple rainshed can also be built above horizental silo, prevents rainwater from penetrating into
In cellar.It is checked comprehensively within 5-6 days after ensiling, repairing collapses in time, with preventing water leakage gas leakage, guarantees ensiling quality.
The color of mixed silage feed manufactured in the present embodiment is in yellow green, close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure
Clearly, soft, fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is excellent；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 3.73, lactic acid content 6.085%, acetic acid content 1.435%, third
Acid content is 0.235%, and it is 8.30% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 36.2%, and crude fat content is
4.42%, crude protein content 14.43%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 6.07%, neutral detergent fiber content is
41.54%, acid detergent fiber content is 22.11%, crude fiber content 25.2%.
Embodiment 5
Mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 40kg, including 33% feeding sugar grass, 33% Sorghum sudanense and 34% silage corn；
Silage inoculants bacteria 40mL, including FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL, the amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL are 1:2:1.
The preparation method of mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of milk stage to dough stage are gathered in, and shining to moisture is 65-
70%；
(2) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are distinguished into dissection to 2-3cm；
(3) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of dissection are uniformly mixed；Then by strain content be 1 ×
108cfu/mL-3×108The FHI microbial inoculum 10mL of cfu/mL, strain content are 1 × 109cfu/mL-2×109The MMD3 of cfu/mL
Microbial inoculum 20mL and strain content are 3 × 108cfu/mL-5×10840mL distilled water is used after the FHIIL microbial inoculum 10mL mixing of cfu/mL
80mL silage inoculants bacteria dilution, is then uniformly sprayed in forage crop by dilution；
(4) forage crop of above-mentioned addition microbial inoculum is layered filling, and smooth compacting in time from cellar bottom with the thickness of 35cm.
When being filled to from entrance of cellar 30cm, the paving plastic film on Jiao Bi is in case envelope cellar.To avoid ensilage after fermentation from sinking naturally
Lead to horizontal silo top depression and generate gap, ensilage is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55cm, is then sealed with plastic cloth,
And the dirt bed that cladding thickness is 45cm is compacted ensilage, dirt bed piles steamed bun shape, facilitates draining；
Wherein, fermentation temperature is 28 DEG C, and fermentation time is 110 days；
(5) gutter has been dug in the place of cellar surrounding 1m, Simple rainshed can also be built above horizental silo, prevents rainwater from penetrating into
In cellar.It is checked comprehensively within 5-6 days after ensiling, repairing collapses in time, with preventing water leakage gas leakage, guarantees ensiling quality.
The color of mixed silage feed manufactured in the present embodiment is in yellow green, close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure
Clearly, fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is excellent；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 3.77, lactic acid content 5.978%, acetic acid content 1.485%, third
Acid content is 0.275%, and it is 8.35% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 35.4%, and crude fat content is
4.35%, crude protein content 14.13%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 5.93%, neutral detergent fiber content is
41.58%, acid detergent fiber content is 23.08%, crude fiber content 26.5%.
Embodiment 6
Mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 40kg, including 50% feeding sugar grass, 25% Sorghum sudanense and 25% silage corn；
Silage inoculants bacteria 30mL, including the amount ratio of FHI and MMD3, FHI and MMD3 are 1:1.
The preparation method of mixed silage feed provided in this embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of milk stage to dough stage are gathered in, and shining to moisture is 65-
70%；
(2) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are distinguished into dissection to 2-3cm；
(3) feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and the silage corn of dissection are uniformly mixed；Then by strain content be 1 ×
108cfu/mL-3×108The FHI microbial inoculum 15mL and strain content of cfu/mL is 1 × 109cfu/mL-2×109The MMD3 of cfu/mL
It is diluted after microbial inoculum 15mL mixing with 30mL distilled water, is then uniformly sprayed on 60mL silage inoculants bacteria dilution in forage crop；
(4) forage crop of above-mentioned addition microbial inoculum is layered filling, and smooth compacting in time from cellar bottom with the thickness of 35cm.
When being filled to from entrance of cellar 30cm, the paving plastic film on Jiao Bi is in case envelope cellar.To avoid ensilage after fermentation from sinking naturally
Lead to horizontal silo top depression and generate gap, ensilage is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55cm, is then sealed with plastic cloth,
And the dirt bed that cladding thickness is 45cm is compacted ensilage, dirt bed piles steamed bun shape, facilitates draining；
Wherein, fermentation temperature is 28 DEG C, and fermentation time is 110 days；
(5) gutter has been dug in the place of cellar surrounding 1m, Simple rainshed can also be built above horizental silo, prevents rainwater from penetrating into
In cellar.It is checked comprehensively within 5-6 days after ensiling, repairing collapses in time, with preventing water leakage gas leakage, guarantees ensiling quality.
The color of mixed silage feed manufactured in the present embodiment is in yellow green, close to the color of raw material, cauline leaf texture structure
Clearly, fragranced is dense, there is tart flavour, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is excellent；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 3.84, lactic acid content 5.875%, acetic acid content 1.585%, third
Acid content is 0.298%, and it is 8.44% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 34.1%, and crude fat content is
4.15%, crude protein content 14.03%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 5.43%, neutral detergent fiber content is
41.95%, acid detergent fiber content is 23.36%, crude fiber content 27.5%.
Comparative example 1
The mixed silage feed that this comparative example provides, the distilled water including forage crop and replacement silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop 40kg, including 33% feeding sugar grass, 33% Sorghum sudanense and 34% silage corn；
The dilution equivalent of silage inoculants bacteria in distilled water 60mL, with embodiment 4.
The preparation method for the mixed silage feed that this comparative example provides is high by the feeding sweet tea of dissection in addition in step (3)
Fine strain of millet, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn are uniformly mixed, and are then uniformly sprayed on 60mL distilled water in forage crop, remaining preparation step
It is same as Example 4.
The color of the mixed silage feed of this comparative example preparation is in light yellow, and structure of stem and leaf is clear, and butyric acid stink is light, loosely
Soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is good；
The pH value of the mixed silage feed of preparation is 4.18, lactic acid content 4.355%, acetic acid content 2.382%, third
Acid content is 0.475%, and it is 9.55% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 26.41%, and crude fat content is
3.60%, crude protein content 11.53%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 4.21%, neutral detergent fiber content is
44.58%, acid detergent fiber content is 25.28%, crude fiber content 27.98%.
Comparative example 2
The independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed that this comparative example provides, including the following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop is the feeding sugar grass of 40kg；
Silage inoculants bacteria 30mL, including FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL, the amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL are 1:1:1.
The preparation method for the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed that this comparative example provides, in addition to three kinds of mixing forage crops are replaced
It is changed to feeding sugar grass, remaining preparation step is same as Example 4.
The color of the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed of this comparative example preparation is in light yellow, and structure of stem and leaf is clear, butyric acid
Stink is light, and loose soft tack-free, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is good；
The pH value of the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed of preparation is 4.25, lactic acid content 4.221%, and acetic acid content is
2.472%, propionic acid content 0.485%, it is 9.76% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 24.67%, crude fat
Content is 3.28%, and crude protein content 10.28%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 3.35%, neutral detergent fiber contains
Amount is 44.70%, and acid detergent fiber content is 25.50%, crude fiber content 28.56%.
Comparative example 3
Including the following raw material: the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed that this comparative example provides forage crop and replaces ensiling
The distilled water of microbial inoculum；
Wherein, forage crop is the feeding sugar grass of 40kg；
The dilution equivalent of silage inoculants bacteria in distilled water 60mL, with embodiment 4.
The preparation method for the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed that this comparative example provides, in addition to three kinds of mixing forage crops are replaced
It is changed to feeding sugar grass, silage inoculants bacteria dilution is replaced with 60mL distilled water, remaining preparation step is same as Example 4.
The color of the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed of this comparative example preparation is in light yellow, and structure of stem and leaf is as it can be seen that butyric acid
Stink is light, and loose soft slightly glutinous hand, the deciding grade and level of ensiling organoleptic quality is general；
The pH value of the independent feeding Sweet sorghum silage feed of preparation is 4.27, lactic acid content 4.121%, and acetic acid content is
2.517%, propionic acid content 0.495%, it is 9.96% that ammoniacal nitrogen, which accounts for total nitrogen content, dry matter content 24.07%, crude fat
Content is 3.12%, crude protein content 9.88%, water-soluble carbohydrate content 3.12%, neutral detergent fiber content
It is 45.70%, acid detergent fiber content is 27.55%, crude fiber content 28.86%.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of mixed silage feed, which is characterized in that including following raw material: forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria；
Wherein, forage crop, comprising: feeding sugar grass, Sorghum sudanense and silage corn；
Silage inoculants bacteria, comprising: in FHI, MMD3 or FHIIL any one or at least two combination.
2. mixed silage feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every kilogram of forage crop corresponds to 0.5-2mL blueness
Store microbial inoculum；
Preferably, silage inoculants bacteria includes FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL, and the amount ratio of FHI, MMD3 and FHIIL are (1-2): (1-2):
(1-2)。
3. mixed silage feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the strain content of microbial inoculum FHI is 1 × 108cfu/
mL-3×108cfu/mL；
And/or the strain content of microbial inoculum MMD3 is 1 × 109cfu/mL-2×109cfu/mL；
And/or the strain content of microbial inoculum FHIIL is 3 × 108cfu/mL-5×108cfu/mL。
4. mixed silage feed according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the forage crop is according to weight
Percentages, comprising: the feeding sugar grass of 25%-50%, the Sorghum sudanense of 25%-50% and the silage corn of 25%-50%；
Preferably, forage crop is in percentage by weight, comprising: the feeding sugar grass of 30%-35%, the height of 30%-35%
The silage corn of red grass and 30%-35%.
5. mixed silage feed according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the pH of the mixed silage feed
Value is lower than 3.95, lactic acid content 5.180% or more, acetic acid content 1.988% hereinafter, propionic acid content 0.400% hereinafter,
Ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen content 9.08% hereinafter, dry matter content is 29.80% or more, crude fat content 3.99% or more,
Crude protein content is 12.60% or more, and 4.89% or more, neutral detergent fiber content exists water-soluble carbohydrate content
42.70% hereinafter, acid detergent fiber content 23.41% hereinafter, crude fiber content is below 27.10%.
6. the preparation method of the described in any item mixed silage feeds of claim 1-5, which comprises the following steps:
Forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria are mixed, silage fermentation is carried out, obtains mixed silage feed.
7. the preparation method of mixed silage feed according to claim 6, which is characterized in that further include raising before mixing
The step of careless crop harvesting, dissection；
Preferably, the forage crop complete stool harvesting；
Preferably, the period of harvesting is milk stage to dough stage；
Preferably, before the dissection step, the moisture for adjusting forage crop is 65%-70%；
Preferably, the length of the dissection is 2-3cm.
8. the preparation method of mixed silage feed according to claim 6, which is characterized in that silage fermentation includes following step
It is rapid: the demixing of forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria is filled to and is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar, is compacted, envelope cellar；
Preferably, every layer of the layering is with a thickness of 30-40cm；
Preferably, the mixture of forage crop and silage inoculants bacteria is higher by ensiling entrance of cellar 55-65cm；
Preferably, envelope cellar the following steps are included: when on Jiao Bi apart from entrance of cellar 25-35cm film laying, then seal, with
I.e. cladding thickness be 40-50cm dirt bed.
9. the preparation method of mixed silage feed according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the temperature of silage fermentation is
25-30 DEG C, the time of silage fermentation is 90-120 days.
10. according to the preparation method of the described in any item mixed silage feeds of claim 6-9, which is characterized in that the mixing
The pH value of ensilage is lower than 3.95, and lactic acid content is 5.180% or more, and acetic acid content is 1.988% hereinafter, propionic acid content exists
0.400% hereinafter, ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen content 9.08% hereinafter, dry matter content is 29.80% or more, and crude fat content exists
3.99% or more, crude protein content is 12.60% or more, and water-soluble carbohydrate content is 4.89% or more, neutral detergent
Fiber content 42.70% hereinafter, acid detergent fiber content 23.41% hereinafter, crude fiber content is below 27.10%.
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| CN112335779A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 宜宾学院 | Mixed silage of alpinia japonica and sweet sorghum and preparation method thereof |
| CN112335783A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 宜宾学院 | A kind of sweet sorghum and lemon leaf mixed silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN113142395A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-23 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Method for effectively adjusting water content of Wangcao ensiling processing |
| CN114651681A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-06-24 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Banded intercropping method and mixed harvesting and mixed storing method for feeding sorghum and silage corn |
| CN114886015A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 清华大学 | Method for regulating ecology of sweet sorghum silage flora in saline-alkali soil by using pyrosulfite |
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| CN113142395A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-23 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Method for effectively adjusting water content of Wangcao ensiling processing |
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Application publication date: 20190108 |