CN109619278A - A kind of modulation of false indigo ensilage and storage technique - Google Patents
A kind of modulation of false indigo ensilage and storage technique Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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Abstract
The invention patent discloses a kind of modulation of false indigo ensilage and storage technique, its special character includes the Clipping dates of false indigo ensiling raw material, the moisture regulation of false indigo ensiling raw material, the chopping of false indigo ensiling raw material, the selection of false indigo silage fermentation facility, the filling and compacting of false indigo ensiling raw material, the sealing and covering of false indigo silage equipment, the fermentation temperature of false indigo ensiling, the selection of false indigo silage fermentation additive, the links of the false indigos ensiling such as the storage of false indigo ensiling and feeding fresh and alive feed preparation and storage, purpose is to solve false indigo silage making, the problem of false indigo ensilage fermentation and storage process, a kind of efficient false indigo silage fermentation and the means of hoard are provided by a kind of modulation of false indigo ensilage and storage technique, improve the palatability of false indigo, digestion While rate, shelf-life, the quality and quality of the fresh and alive feed of false indigo ensiling are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing of the fresh and alive feed of the ensiling of false indigo spray and leaf and storage technique, particularly false indigo
The ensiling modulation of spray and leaf and storage technique.
Background technique
False indigo is valuable Woody fodder plants, vegetal pole horn of plenty, every 500kg air dried leaves 15.5kg containing crude fat,
Crude fibre 5.0kg, soluble N-free extract 209kg, protein 12.8kg, in addition, the ammonia also rich in its branch, leaf
Base acid and various vitamins, such as lysine, methionine, threonine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, vitamin E, carrot
Element, vitamin C and vitamin B2 etc., the branches and leaves annual output of the feeding part of false indigo is higher, can be directly made using also adjustable
Ensilage feeds livestock, and the substitute false indigo as grain feed, which has, to be widely used, and source is convenient, reserves are huge, battalion
Support advantage abundant.
China's animal husbandry in recent years flourishes, and have stimulated developing for feed processing industry, but China's feed processing at present
Raw material be all based on grain, herbaceous plant, cereal crops consumption is very big in Feed Manufacturing.To reduce animal husbandry to grain
The dependence of crop, finds the substitute of grain feed, development using false indigo as this collection concentrated feed of representative, protein feed,
Green feed is of great significance in high-quality " green protein " feed of one, especially greatly develops false indigo ensilage pair
Alleviate nervous, the balanced greenfeed of China's protein feed resource to supply, the battalion improved forage grass utilization rate, meet animal winter-spring season
It is significant to support need etc. effect.
The production and storage of the fresh and alive feed of false indigo ensiling are one of the hot spots of false indigo correlative study, there is no rule in China at present
The false indigo ensilage of generalized is modulated and storage technique, and this patent is endeavoured to develop false indigo ensilage processing technology, surrounds
The biological nature of false indigo itself forms complete, efficient, operable false indigo ensiling modulation and storage technique, formulates out and seek
The relatively complete false indigo ensilage of value is supported, and improves storage practice, the efficiency of feed utilization of false indigo is effectively improved, uses
Value and economic benefit are this excellent feed resource of rational exploitation and utilization false indigo, alleviate farming and pastoral area livestock and poultry protein feed
The benign development of shortage, maintenance afforestation social economy and ecological environment provides strong technical support.
Summary of the invention
A kind of modulation of false indigo ensilage and storage technique that this patent provides, in order to solve false indigo ensiling
The problem of feedstock processing, the selection of false indigo silage equipment, false indigo silage fermentation and preservation process, false indigo is standardized
Ensiling modulation and storage technology improve the quality and quality of false indigo ensiling.
The technical scheme is that a kind of false indigo ensilage modulation and storage technique, special character include purple
The Clipping dates of fringe Chinese scholartree ensiling raw material, the moisture regulation of false indigo ensiling raw material, the chopping of false indigo ensiling raw material, false indigo are green
Store the selection of fermentation installation, the filling and compacting, the sealing of false indigo silage equipment and covering, false indigo of false indigo ensiling raw material
The false indigos ensilings such as the fermentation temperature of ensiling, the selection of false indigo silage fermentation additive, the storage of false indigo ensiling and feeding
The links of feed preparation.
The Clipping dates of false indigo ensiling raw material: the time that false indigo spray and leaf cradle is typically chosen in annual May
End-mid or late June, late May cradles the 1st time in principle, and 6 the end of month cradled the 2nd time, wherein 2 times cradle nitrogen in false indigo cauline leaf
The accumulation of phosphorus potassium is put up the best performance with spray and Leaf biomass, and cradling rear false indigo spray and leaf must dry, and dries the time: 1-4
Hour, depending on the intensity of illumination of natural environment and temperature and humidity.
The moisture regulation of false indigo ensiling raw material: false indigo ensiling feed moisture content height modulates to pass false indigo ensiling
Important, ensiling raw material moisture is too low, it is difficult to tread compression, aerobic organism is caused to breed, make feed is easily mouldy to rot；Excess moisture,
Easily compacting agglomeration again is conducive to Miyarisan activity, keeps ensilage rancid, deterioration.Therefore false indigo ensiling raw material is fermenting
Before to carry out moisture regulation, by the way of sunning or drying, the moisture content of false indigo ensiling raw material is controlled in 65%-
70%.
The chopping of false indigo ensiling raw material: will shred as false indigo raw material ensiling is previous, ooze out juice, soak raw material
Surface, it is therefore an objective to ferment rapidly conducive to lactic acid bacteria, improve the quality of ensilage, while convenient for pack and storage, false indigo branch
The length for being about 1-2cm must be shredded before leaf ensiling, while ensiling raw material will avoid contamination soil, in case pollution causes ensiling
Corruption.It is shredded in this way to ensiling the raw material easily having peace of mind, compression for being about 1-2cm, air is arranged well, settles more uniform, nutrient loss
It is few.
The selection of false indigo silage fermentation facility: false indigo silage fermentation can select silage fermentation bag or store sth. in a cellar method into
Row fermentation and storage.Using underground type, semi-underground type and three kinds of ground type when horizental silo ferments, generally according to level of ground water
Just, local habit and easy to operate degree are determined using any, optional round or square of horizental silo shape, diameter or width
2-3m, depth 2.5-3.5m do material using brick and cement, and discharge outlet is reserved at cellar bottom, and cellar bottom must be higher by level of ground water 0.5m
More than, to prevent water from penetrating into cellar.When silage fermentation bag ferments, thickness is can be selected in 0.08mm or more in the production of fermentation bag, nontoxic
Sealed polyethylene plastic and suppress, film is too thin to be easily damaged, unsuitable ensiling.Ensilage bag specification be long 1.2m,
The pocket of wide 0.8m, it is desirable that suture is airtight, solid, durable.
The filling and compacting of false indigo ensiling raw material: using horizental silo fermentation false indigo ensiling raw material, before dress is stored, horizental silo
Bottom spreads the straw of 10-15cm thickness, to absorb juice, stores four wall paving plastic films, ventilative with preventing water leakage, and it is former to load false indigo
It being answered immediately when material, and steady and sure, general every filling 50cm or so is rolled once, and it can be rolled with selection bull-dozer or manpower is tamped, with
Ensiling raw material keeps loading surface evening after compacting closely uniformly to be appropriate, loads ensiling and is attached to always and is higher by cellar along 60cm or so,
Can bind, first spread one layer of stalk prescinded when binding, then plus layer of plastic film, then earthing makes real.It is sent out using fermentation bag
Ferment must open sack when loading, and every bag of ensiling raw material is packed into one by one, tread compression purple with hand pressure or foot during filling
Fringe Chinese scholartree ensiling, until being evacuated, sealing, tightening sack when filling ensiling is to away from sack 30cm or so.Bag silo can be folded after pack
It is placed at the flat dry and ventilated of topography, it should be noted that running check prevents livestock and poultry and mouse to sting bad silage fermentation bag.As ensiling is sent out
Ferment bag has breakage, to be mended in time with adhesive plaster, and the bag that should change of badly broken is store again.
The sealing and covering of false indigo silage equipment: the effect of sealing mainly completely cuts off air and contacts with raw material, makes ensiling
Promote silage fermentation in anaerobic state to inhibit aerobic microorganism.It, can be first in blueness when using the sealing for storing sth. in a cellar silage fermentation
One layer of soft green grass of surface cover is store, adds layer of plastic film on grass again, and be pressed against at horizental silo wall with soil heap.Then, it uses
Lid appropriate covers tightly, can also one layer of reed mat of lid, then blinding on a plastic film.The situation of blinding is checked after blinding daily,
Pay attention to making sinking together with ensiling raw material when its sinking.And it is smeared crack and gap is formed by caping when sinking with soil
It is good, to guarantee high-seal.When using fermentation bag fermentation ensiling, after false indigo ensiling raw material is usually filled to eighty per cant full compacting,
Plastic bag mouth is tightened with rope, accomplishes sealed air-tight.
The fermentation temperature of false indigo ensiling: temperature height in silage equipment directly affects the growth and breeding of lactic acid bacteria.
False indigo silage fermentation is suitable for carrying out at 25-35 DEG C, and especially packed false indigo ensiling reserve temperature should be maintained at above-mentioned area
Between, be conducive to the mass propagation of lactic acid bacteria, it is rotten that ensiling raw material is easily led to when false indigo silage fermentation environment temperature is more than 50 DEG C
It loses rotten.Ensilage can be used after usual false indigo ensiling raw material ferments 20-30 days in Zymolysis Equipment.
False indigo silage fermentation additive selects: for shorten false indigo ensilage fermentation time and fermented quality,
Silage fermentation additive can be added immediately after the chopping of false indigo raw material.Sugar, the formic acid (ensiling per ton of 2-3% can usually be added
The formic acid that 3-4kg content is 85% is added in raw material), the compounds such as amylase, sprinkling bacterium solution is uniform when fermenting additive sprays
Unanimously, it to be sufficiently mixed with false indigo ensiling raw material.
The storage and feeding of false indigo ensiling: after the filling sealing of false indigo ensiling raw material, it is necessary in 15-20 DEG C of storage temperature
The lower partition oxygen of degree store, and under the conditions of managing and protecting good, storage 3-5 still maintains good quality, it is longest can
Save 20-30.Feeding is accomplished used as needed every time, and each feeding thickness is greater than 10cm, must be clear in time for corrupt ensiling
It removes.
The fermentation process of false indigo ensiling: false indigo ensiling is using fresh false indigo cauline leaf, and sealing storage makes plant
Breathing itself causes anoxia condition, and lactic acid bacteria generates lactic acid to the anaerobic digestion of false indigo ensiling raw material, makes false indigo
When ensiling pH value drops to 4 or so, most of microorganism stops breeding at this time, and last lactic acid bacteria itself also constantly accumulates because of lactic acid,
It is controlled and stopped action by the lactic acid of itself, to achieve the purpose that long-term ensiling false indigo feed.
False indigo ensiling quality judging standard: method one measures each effective component of false indigo ensiling by attributional analysis
Content, method two detect ensiling quality by physical method, and general good false indigo ensiling has following characteristics, smell acid
Fragrance comfort, color bright green, quality loose weak are tack-free.
Technical effect
The solution have the advantages that by adopting the above technical scheme, the production of the fresh and alive feed of false indigo ensiling may be implemented
And storage, it is modulated by false indigo ensilage and storage technique, formulates out and keep the original juice of false indigo green forage, quality
Softness, palatability is good, and grazing rate is high, and the false indigo ensilage of holding time length, this technology has filled up China's false indigo ensiling
The blank of feed development and exploitation.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to example, the invention will be further described.
The Clipping dates of false indigo ensiling raw material: general false indigo preferably pregnant flower bud to florescence nutrient composition content most
Height, most beneficial for cradling.
The moisture regulation of false indigo ensiling raw material: false indigo ensiling raw material is suitable for the simple judgment method of water content of fermenting:
Before chopping, the stem of plant, which is rubbed with the hands, to be twisted and will not fracture, and when soft leaf does not occur dry sign yet, illustrates raw aqueous
Amount is suitable for ensiling.The plant material prescinded comes up after promptly being extruded with hand, and raw material is in nodular in hand, when ball is slow
When water breakthrough does not drip in expansion, hand, illustrate that feed moisture content complies with standard, is as suitable for the ensiling moisture content of fermentation.Work as purple
The excessive Shi Kejia chaff of fringe Chinese scholartree ensiling raw material moisture or slightly sunning reduce ensiling raw material moisture, and the adjusting that can sprinkle water of when water deficient improves
Ensiling raw material moisture.
The chopping of false indigo ensiling raw material: raw material chopping excludes air convenient for compacting, and the juice in raw material can also flow out, have
The growth and breeding of sharp lactic acid bacteria, when chopping, should select the shredding machine of different model, cut according to the number of false indigo ensiling raw material
Broken length is advisable with 1.5cm or so.
The selection of false indigo silage fermentation facility: false indigo silage fermentation facility should be close to animal house, far from water source, far from circle
Lavatory and rubbish heap prevent false indigo ensiling contaminated.
The filling and compacting of false indigo ensiling raw material: false indigo ensiling filling is preferably selected to be carried out in fine day, forage grass ensiling
It loading once it is necessary to concentrate human and material resources uninterruptedly to load, raw material will successively divide filling, and the shorter filling time the better,
It should generally be completed within 48 hours.Keep feed spoilage rotten in order to avoid there being gap in false indigo ensiling raw material when storing sth. in a cellar ensiling
Lose, the false indigo raw material of chopping will fill even compacting in silage facilities, and press more more real better, especially proximate to Jiao Bi and
Quadrangle.Small horizental silo can manually or baby tractor compacting, large-scale horizental silo can be compacted with caterpillar tractor, draws
Machine pressure less than corner, still need to be trampled with manpower.
The sealing and covering of false indigo silage equipment: preventing leak ventilation is one of the excellent false indigo ensiling of modulation important
Link.If poorly sealed, silage equipment enters air or moisture, causes the growth and breeding of spoilage organisms, and ensilage degenerates.
Therefore, the appearance of silage equipment is particularly significant.In intermediate high surrounding low profile, circle cellar piles steamed bun shape, rectangular at square cellar
Shape pond, benefit for draining.After envelope cellar, if crack occurs in Jiao Ding, timely earthing to be compacted, prevents ventilative leak.Horizental silo is in abdomen
Before film or mulching straw on the surface of bin stock every square metre spread 250g salt, to prevent the surface of bin stock from going mouldy.In earthing
The rice straw or wheat straw of preceding elder generation laying 20cm thickness on a plastic film, this is in order to which when opening cellar, institute's earthing will not pollute bin stock.
The storage and feeding of false indigo ensiling: false indigo ensilage generally passes through the completion that can ferment for 30-60 days,
It opens cellar to utilize, round square pit will be layered feeding from top to bottom, and rectangle pond or moat should be layered since one end to be taken paragraph by paragraph
With each withdrawal amount had been fed with the same day to be advisable, and should immediately be covered entrance of cellar with plastic film after feeding, to prevent entering air and leakage
Water causes ensilage rotten and secondary fermentation.The ensiling fermented using fermentation bag, when feeding, should vertically be taken from top to bottom,
With how much take how many, take heel row remove fermentation bag in air material mouth is sealed with plastic film again.In summer, microbial in order to prevent
Rice straw secondary fermentation covers entrance of cellar with plastic foil after each feeding.If, can also be each in the season of high temperature, high humidity
After feeding, in the salt water of the surface of bin stock sprinkling high concentration, to inhibit to go mouldy.In winter, if the ice formed for microbiological fermented feed, first by
After ice melts, then domestic animal is fed, domestic animal is scratched with anti-icing quarrel.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of false indigo ensilage modulation and storage technique, it is characterised in that: the technology includes false indigo ensiling raw material
Clipping dates, the moisture regulation of false indigo ensiling raw material, the chopping of false indigo ensiling raw material, the choosing of false indigo silage fermentation facility
With, the fermentation temperature of the filling of false indigo ensiling raw material and compacting, the sealing of false indigo silage equipment and covering, false indigo ensiling
Degree, the selection of false indigo silage fermentation additive, false indigo ensiling storage and feeding, specifically as follows carry out:
The Clipping dates of false indigo ensiling raw material:
The time that false indigo spray and leaf cradle is typically chosen in annual 5 the end of month-mid or late June, and late May cradles in principle
1st time, 6 the end of month cradled the 2nd time, and cradling rear false indigo spray and leaf must dry, the sunning time: 1-4 hours, depending on natural environment
Depending on intensity of illumination and temperature and humidity.
The moisture regulation of false indigo ensiling raw material:
False indigo ensiling raw material will carry out moisture regulation before fermentation, by the way of sunning or drying, false indigo ensiling is former
The moisture content of material is controlled in 65%-70%.
The chopping of false indigo ensiling raw material:
The length for being about 1-2cm must be shredded before false indigo branches and leaves ensiling, while ensiling raw material will avoid contamination soil, in order to avoid
Pollution causes ensiling corrupt.It is shredded in this way to ensiling the raw material easily having peace of mind, compression for being about 1-2cm, air is arranged well, settles more equal
Even, nutrient loss is few.
The selection of false indigo silage fermentation facility:
False indigo silage fermentation, which can select silage fermentation bag or store sth. in a cellar method, to be fermented and is stored.Horizental silo uses when fermenting
Underground type, semi-underground type and three kinds of ground type are generally determined according to level of ground water height, local habit and easy to operate degree
Using any, optional round or square of horizental silo shape, diameter or width 2-3m, depth 2.5-3.5m, using brick and water
Mud does material, and discharge outlet is reserved at cellar bottom, and cellar bottom must be higher by level of ground water 0.5m or more, to prevent water from penetrating into cellar.Silage fermentation
When bag fermentation, thickness is can be selected in 0.08mm or more in the production of fermentation bag, and nontoxic sealed polyethylene plastic is simultaneously suppressed, thin
Film is too thin to be easily damaged, unsuitable ensiling.Ensilage bag specification is the pocket of long 1.2m, width 0.8m, it is desirable that suture is airtight,
It is solid, durable.
The filling and compacting of false indigo ensiling raw material:
Using horizental silo fermentation false indigo ensiling raw material, before dress is stored, horizental silo bottom spreads the straw of 10-15cm thickness, to absorb
Juice stores four wall paving plastic films, ventilative with preventing water leakage, should be instant when loading false indigo raw material, and steady and sure, general every filling
50cm or so is rolled once, can be rolled with selection bull-dozer or manpower compacting is protected after compacting with ensiling raw material closely uniformly to be appropriate
It holds filling surface evening, loads ensiling and be attached to always and is higher by cellar along 60cm or so, can bind, one layer is first spread when binding and is prescinded
Stalk, then plus layer of plastic film, then earthing makes real.Sack must be opened when fermenting and load using fermentation bag, by ensiling original
Expect that every bag is packed into one by one, treaded during filling with hand pressure or foot and compress false indigo ensiling, until filling ensiling is to away from sack
It when 30cm or so, is evacuated, seals, tightens sack.Bag silo can be overlayed at the flat dry and ventilated of topography, to be infused after pack
Meaning running check, prevents livestock and poultry and mouse to sting bad silage fermentation bag.If silage fermentation bag has breakage, to be mended in time with adhesive plaster,
The bag that should change of badly broken is store again.
The sealing and covering of false indigo silage equipment:
When using the sealing for storing sth. in a cellar silage fermentation, it can first add one layer of plastics again on one layer of soft green grass of ensiling surface cover, grass
Film, and be pressed against at horizental silo wall with soil heap.Then, it is covered tightly with lid appropriate, it can also one layer of lid on a plastic film
Reed mat, then blinding.The situation for checking blinding after blinding daily pays attention to making sinking together with ensiling raw material when its sinking.And will under
It is formed by crack and gap on caping when heavy to be wiped with soil, to guarantee high-seal.When using fermentation bag fermentation ensiling, lead to
After false indigo ensiling raw material is often filled to eighty per cant full compacting, plastic bag mouth is tightened with rope, accomplishes sealed air-tight.
The fermentation temperature of false indigo ensiling:
False indigo silage fermentation is suitable for carrying out at 25-35 DEG C, and especially packed false indigo ensiling reserve temperature should be maintained at
Section is stated, the mass propagation of lactic acid bacteria is conducive to, ensiling original is easily led to when false indigo silage fermentation environment temperature is more than 50 DEG C
Expect putrid and deteriorated.Ensilage can be used after usual false indigo ensiling raw material ferments 20-30 days in Zymolysis Equipment.
The selection of false indigo silage fermentation additive:
For the fermentation time and fermented quality for shortening false indigo ensilage, ensiling can be added immediately after the chopping of false indigo raw material
Ferment additive.The sugar of 2-3% can usually be added, formic acid (formic acid that 3-4kg content is 85% is added in ensiling raw material per ton), formed sediment
The compounds such as powder enzyme, sprinkling bacterium solution wants uniformity when fermenting additive sprays, and to be sufficiently mixed with false indigo ensiling raw material.
The storage and feeding of false indigo ensiling:
After the filling sealing of false indigo ensiling raw material, it is necessary to separate oxygen under 15-20 DEG C of reserve temperature and store, every time
Feeding accomplish it is used as needed, each feeding thickness be greater than 10cm, corrupt ensiling must be removed in time.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108402313A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-17 | 蔺军 | A kind of preparation method of plastics pond storage straw silage |
| CN112868915A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-01 | 巨野恒丰果蔬有限公司 | Preparation method of garlic straw silage |
| CN112956594A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-15 | 贵州省草地技术试验推广站 | Silage prepared by mixing coix seed straws and pennisetum alopecuroides and ensiling method thereof |
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2017
- 2017-10-09 CN CN201711007835.XA patent/CN109619278A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108402313A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-17 | 蔺军 | A kind of preparation method of plastics pond storage straw silage |
| CN112868915A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-01 | 巨野恒丰果蔬有限公司 | Preparation method of garlic straw silage |
| CN112956594A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-15 | 贵州省草地技术试验推广站 | Silage prepared by mixing coix seed straws and pennisetum alopecuroides and ensiling method thereof |
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