CN109197353A - A kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea, this method includes cultivating seedling, grafting, site preparation, transplanting, field management, picking.Using implantation methods of the invention, the persimmon yield planted is high, is sweet and crisp, rich in nutrition content, and at receiving liking for numerous customers on the market in bright in colour, quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, the implantation methods of specifically a kind of crisp persimmon of sweet tea.
Background technique
Persimmon is that people prefer edible fruit, sweet palatable, and full of nutrition, many people also like eating jelly in winter
Persimmon, it is different from other taste.Persimmon is subordinate to Ebenaceae and belongs to perennial deciduous fruit tree, originates in China.The persimmon mature period is in or so October, fruit
Real shape is more, such as spherical shape, almond, approximately conical shape, rectangular, different kind colors from shallow crocus to deep Chinese red not
Deng size is from 2cm to 10cm, and weight is from 100g to 450g.Persimmon nutritive value is very high, carrotene rich in, core yellow
The microelements such as element, vitamin.Contained vitamin and 1~2 times higher than general fruit of sugar or so.Contain various active in persimmon leaf
Ingredient, such as vitamin C, a variety of flavonoid glycosides, Diterpenes, choline, beta carotene.Sweet tea persimmon can directly be eaten, and puckery persimmon is then
The rear that needs manually to take away the puckery taste is edible.In addition to fresh food, dried persimmon can be made after entirely drying in persimmon.Persimmon is rich in pectin, it
It is a kind of water-soluble dietary fiber, there is good functions of loosening bowel relieving constipation, for eliminating constipation, keeps normal intestinal flora growth
Etc. there is good effect.Persimmon also has the function of anti-inflammatory and detumescence, can improve blood circulation, promotes tendon inflammation and wound
Rehabilitation.Carotenoid, total phenol, vitamin C isoreactivity content of material are extremely abundant in Pericarpium Kaki.As people are to the food of persimmon
Dosage increases, and the planting scale of persimmon is also gradually increased.Currently, persimmon plantation is more traditional, not from its growth characteristics,
Reasonable site preparation uses sufficient base fertilizer, does not also have reasonable arrangement planting density, so that the persimmon slow growth of plantation, growing way is bad, often
There is fruit drop situation, causes persimmon low output.Also, without reasonable top dressing, top dressing element is few, and it is raw not to be able to satisfy persimmon
Nutrient needed for long affects persimmon product so that the persimmon of output is bitter, sweet taste is inadequate, mouthfeel is bad, reduces persimmon quality
Matter.
" rich " sweet tea persimmon is the sweet tea persimmon main breed of the country such as Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, have commodity is strong, yield is high,
The advantages that best in quality." rich " to belong to late-maturing sweet tea persimmon kind, late October in maturity period to early November, pulp is orange-yellow, uniform,
Without foxiness, meat is soft, and mouthfeel is sweet and tasty, thick-flavor, and flavor is good." Buddhist temple ball " persimmon, incomplete sweet tea persimmon, Japan cultivars, tree crown
Open a business, male flower is more, and pollen amount is big, be current application be most widely used for pollinate sweet tea persimmon kind (kind itself can also produce
Sweet persimmon is real, is not son tree)；Fruit is larger, Mean Fruit Weight 150g or so, such as carries out fruit thinning up to 200g or more.Fruit ball
Shape, fruit push up dimple, and fruit powder is more；October is mature, and fruit juice is more, and sugariness is high, in quality on, high yield characteristic is good.
" rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " is all the sweet tea persimmon kind introduced from foreign countries, and often will appear cannot adapt to local growth
The problem of environment, grafting can not find the stock properly grafted again there are incompatible phenomenon.By long-term research, discovery is " rich
Have " and the affinity of " Buddhist temple ball " and wild persimmon or the fruit of date plum it is preferable, can use both persimmon saplings as stock grafting, solution
Grafting incompatible problem.But there are still following problems for existing sweet tea persimmon plantation: the position of result is higher, and yield is lower, fruit
It is real less than normal；Field management is not scientific enough, and the sugariness of fruit is low, and nutritional ingredient is few.Therefore, it is badly in need of providing a kind of plantation side of science
Method improves the yield and quality of persimmon.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea to be planted using implantation methods of the invention
To persimmon yield it is high, be sweet and crisp, rich in nutrition content, and at receiving on the market vast in bright in colour, quality
Customer's likes.
A kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea, including seedling, grafting, site preparation, transplanting, field management, picking are cultivated, tool
Hold in vivo as follows:
(1) seedling: mid or late Febuary is cultivated, the seed of the wild persimmon of local well developed root system is selected to cultivate seedling in nutritive cube,
Mid or late Febuary next year cuts part, stays trunk 18-22cm, every plant of application 20-30g when persimmon seedling long supreme 25-30cm
Base manure makes trunk long thick.
(2) it grafts: October next year, the stalwartness of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon tree for selecting good quality and high output, sweet fruit crisp
Semi-lignified branch is 8:1 as scion, the ratio of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "；It is cut at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part with knife
Two inclined-planes, top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Seedling stays anvil cutting at the 16-20cm of ground, will
Stock is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm, in scion insertion stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, will
2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after heteroauxin and 6- glycosyl adenine phosphate 1:20 in mass ratio mixing；By " rich " and " buddhist
Temple ball " is separately cultivated.
(3) site preparation: the deep fertile, content of organic matter of soil layer is selected to enrich, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenient sandy loam or red
Planting site of the gentle slope of loam as persimmon；Kind of a plant hole 70-80cm is excavated, pulverized limestone is sprinkled into cave and applies base manure.
(4) transplant: by the seedling after grafting survival in next year September-October transplantation with soil, seeding row spacing be (2.5-3) m ×
3 m；Pollinizers are arranged using center type, centered on " Buddhist temple ball ", " Buddhist temple ball " surrounding plants 8 " rich "；Kind
Plant hole backfill is watered with root water to when flushing table top, then fills out fine earth to knoll and be slightly above table top 15-25cm；After 15 days in time
Sick seedling, dead seedling are removed, and is filled the gaps with seedlings in time.
(5) field management:
1) seedling trunk height to be grafted it is long to 30-40cm when, 3 major branches, equilibrium allocation are selected and remain in pinching；It is long to 30- to major branch
Pinching inspires overgrowing branch when 40cm；To the vigorous branch of vertical growth, passes through the method drawn, hang, turned round in 9-10 month, branch is allowed tiltedly to give birth to
Or horizontal growth；Control tree is high no more than 2.5m, tree-like using happy shape as standard；Crossing branch, weak branch, disease pest are cut off after fruit picking
Branch and deadwood；
2) sesame or wormwood are interplanted in the 2nd, 3 year of transplanting in persimmon garden；After transplanting the 4th year and after, fruit tree root and
The wormwood of layer overlay thickness 6-10cm or straw within the scope of outside 30-50cm；Each season progress tillage and weeding is primary, and depth is
5-10cm covers new wormwood or straw after intertillage；
3) period, the sheet or spherical body of suspension package reflective membrane, supplement the intensity of illumination below fruit tree on fruit tree；?
Persimmon expands initial stage and mid-term, and the sprinkling irrigation watering at dusk daily of high temperature and drought phase guarantees that fruit tree can absorb sufficient moisture；In persimmon
The later period is expanded, in the ranks ditches in fruit tree and hydrofuge and controls watering, implementation wanes watering, and the blade of persimmon tree is allowed to keep withering slightly
It is listless, each 7-10 days；
4) 3 mixed fertilizers are applied every year, and mu dosage is 2-3 tons, respectively in 2-3 month, 6-7 month, 11-12 month；
5) honeybee is cultivated in persimmon garden, and oscillatory type solar deinsectization lamp is installed, every 25-30 mu one；
6) trunk, the rough bark on major branch struck off, sticks up skin when winter clear garden, removing the calyx and receptacle of a persimmon left on ridge, will set with lime white
It is dry-coated white.
(6) pick: after result, in mid or late October pick fruit, picking fruit sequence be from outside to inside, from top to bottom,
Retain 1-2cm base of fruit, contains fruit container inner wall and keep smooth, be placed at 3-6 DEG C and store in time after fruit harvesting, " rich " and " buddhist
Separately picking is stored separately temple ball ".
The production method of the nutritive cube is to select high 25-30cm, back cut diameter 25-30cm, base diameter 15-20cm
Plastic containers mix charring rice husk, well-rotted farmyard manure, earthworm soil, Pond Silt, garlic with volume ratio 2:4:3:5:1
It is filled into plastic containers after sterilized.
The base manure is mixed by pig manure, cow dung, fruit/vegetable waste, saccharomycetes to make fermentation waste, and fermentation 2-3 months.
The mixed fertilizer is made of following raw material: 10-20 parts of Pericarpium Kaki, 15-20 parts of tealeaf residue, 10-20 parts of smallfruit fig leaf, purple
10-15 parts careless, 8-12 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of animal bone powder, 10-15 parts of soya-bean cake, peat soil 20-
30 parts, 10-20 parts of lignin, 10-30 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of pig manure, waste 10-20 parts molasses fermented, 0.1-2 parts of borax,
0.1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis；
Its making step is as follows:
(1) by tealeaf residue, smallfruit fig leaf, Asian puccoon, tripterygium wilfordii, lignin, cow dung, pig manure, molasses fermented waste mixed fermentation 30-
40 days；
(2) plant ash, animal bone powder, soya-bean cake, peat soil, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis is added toward above-mentioned fermentation material
Be uniformly mixed, then be added borax, ammonium molybdate, calcium superphosphate to get.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention cultivates sweet tea persimmon seedling using the method for grafting, selects the wild persimmon of local well developed root system as stock, not only may be used
To rapidly adapt to local environment, flourishing root system can provide sufficient nutritional ingredient and moisture, and wild persimmon stock and sweet tea
The compatibility of persimmon cuttings is good, heals after grafting fast.Heteroauxin and 6- glycosyl adenine phosphate mixed liquor are sprayed to interface when grafting
It can promote cell growth and division, accelerate healing, improve grafting success rate.
2, the present invention plants " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " two kinds of sweet tea persimmons jointly in a piece of orchard, is made using " Buddhist temple ball "
For pollinizers, itself can be as a result, can also promote " rich " to bear fruit, to improve the fruit bearing rate in orchard.Because of persimmon tree
Grow relatively slow, 2-3 interplants sesame or wormwood in persimmon garden after transplanting, can not only inhibit the growth of orchard weed, also
Sesame or wormwood can be harvested, soil is rationally utilized, land utilization ratio is improved, increases the income of orchard worker.
3, the method by drawing, hanging, turn round makes branch tiltedly raw or horizontal growth, can increase the branches and leaves of part under fruit tree, mention
High fruiting rate.Wormwood or straw are spread in the root of fruit tree, having the function of significantly retaining and conserveing soil moisture, it is overly moist to prevent, becomes soil moisture
Off course degree is minimum, is conducive to the steady production of Apple Tree System.The substance of suspension package reflective membrane, can supplement fruit tree on fruit tree
The intensity of illumination of lower section extends light application time, reduce because position fruit appearance color above and below fruit tree caused by uneven illumination and in
The difference of portion's nutritional ingredient.Honeybee is cultivated in persimmon garden, can promote to pollinate, improves fruit bearing rate；Oscillatory type solar energy is installed
Deinsectization lamp can attract the pest in orchard with phototaxis and removing, reduce the insect pest in orchard.
4, apply mixed fertilizer every year after transplanting, mixed fertilizer organic matter rich in, also containing part microelement and
Moderate-element can satisfy the growth demand of sweet tea persimmon, be also added into Chinese medicine and trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, has and kills
The effect of bacterium insect prevention, reduces the pest and disease damage of fruit tree.
5, trichoderma harzianum is microbial bactericide, can be used to prevent by pythium spp, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, sickle-like bacteria, ash
Plant disease caused by botrytis, bread mold and the pathogens such as column spore is mould, can prevent and treat damping-off, samping off, root rot, sclerotium
Continuous cropping problem caused by the fungoids such as disease, wilt disease, southern blight root disease, soil-borne disease and continuous cropping.Trichoderma harzianum is
A kind of hyphomycetales section fungi can mushroom out in parallel or helical form around persimmon root system, make lineae ablicantes plumage synnema bacterium not
Can directly contact persimmon root system, Trichoderma harzianum can extracellular proteinase, so that the thallus of lineae ablicantes plumage synnema bacterium is degraded, press down
Lineae ablicantes plumage synnema bacterium growth processed.Meanwhile Trichoderma harzianum can also synthesize zytase, stimulation persimmon root system synthesize phenolic substances and
Lignin enhances the disease resistance of persimmon.The subtilin that generates during bacillus subtilis thalli growth, polymyxins,
Nystatin, gramicidins isoreactivity substance, these active materials have the conditioned pathogen of pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection bright
Aobvious inhibiting effect.Subtilin isoreactivity substance macromolecular substances can also be resolved into plant can directly be absorbed and utilized it is small
Molecular substance, and it is metabolized some organic acids of production, enzyme and physiological activator, plant rhizosphere nutritional condition is improved, promotes to plant
The growth and development of object；On the other hand, the breeding of bacillus subtilis limits the nutriment around a large amount of consumption root systems of plant
The growth of pathogen.Beneficial microorganism increases around root system, will also improve soil texture, and increase the content of organic substance,
Promote the growth and development of plant.Bacillus subtilis bio-safety grade is high, will not generate harm to human body and animal.
6, using implantation methods of the invention, the persimmon yield planted is high, is sweet and crisp, rich in nutrition content, and
And at receiving liking for numerous customers on the market in bright in colour, quality.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed introduction present invention, below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea, including seedling, grafting, site preparation, transplanting, field management, picking are cultivated, it is specific interior
Hold as follows:
(1) seedling: mid or late Febuary is cultivated, the seed of the wild persimmon of Hengxian County South Asia town people's livelihood village well developed root system is selected to seek
It supports and cultivates seedling in alms bowl, mid or late Febuary next year cuts part, stays trunk 18cm when persimmon seedling long supreme 25-30cm,
Every plant of application 20g base manure makes trunk long thick.
(2) it grafts: October next year, the stalwartness of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon tree for selecting good quality and high output, sweet fruit crisp
Semi-lignified branch is 8:1 as scion, the ratio of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "；It is cut at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part with knife
Two inclined-planes, top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Seedling stays anvil cutting at the 16cm of ground, by stock
It is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm, in scion insertion stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by indoles
2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after acetic acid and 6- glycosyl adenine phosphate 1:20 in mass ratio mixing；By " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "
Separately cultivate.
(3) site preparation: the deep fertile, content of organic matter of soil layer is selected to enrich, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenient sandy loam or red
Planting site of the gentle slope of loam as persimmon；Kind of a plant hole 70-80cm is excavated, pulverized limestone is sprinkled into cave and applies base manure.
(4) transplant: by the seedling after grafting survival in next year September transplantation with soil, seeding row spacing is the m of 2.5m × 3；Using
Center type arranges pollinizers, and centered on " Buddhist temple ball ", " Buddhist temple ball " surrounding plants 8 " rich "；Kind plant hole backfill
Soil is watered with root water, then fill out fine earth to knoll and be slightly above table top 15cm to when flushing table top；Sick seedling, dead is removed after 15 days in time
Seedling, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time.
(5) field management:
1) seedling trunk height to be grafted it is long to 30-40cm when, 3 major branches, equilibrium allocation are selected and remain in pinching；It is long to 30- to major branch
Pinching inspires overgrowing branch when 40cm；To the vigorous branch of vertical growth, pass through the method drawn, hang, turned round in September part, allow branch tiltedly give birth to or
Horizontal growth；Control tree is high no more than 2.5m, tree-like using happy shape as standard；Crossing branch, weak branch, sick branch are cut off after fruit picking
And deadwood；
2) the 2nd, 3 year of transplanting, interplants sesame in persimmon garden；After transplanting the 4th year and after, fruit tree root and outward
The straw of layer overlay thickness 6cm within the scope of 30-50cm；It is primary to carry out tillage and weeding each season, depth 5-10cm, after intertillage
Cover new straw；
3) period, the sheet or spherical body of suspension package reflective membrane, supplement the intensity of illumination below fruit tree on fruit tree；?
Persimmon expands initial stage and mid-term, and the sprinkling irrigation watering at dusk daily of high temperature and drought phase guarantees that fruit tree can absorb sufficient moisture；In persimmon
The later period is expanded, in the ranks ditches in fruit tree and hydrofuge and controls watering, implementation wanes watering, and the blade of persimmon tree is allowed to keep withering slightly
It is listless, 7 days every time；
4) 3 mixed fertilizers are applied every year, and mu dosage is 2 tons, respectively in 2 months, June, November；
5) honeybee is cultivated in persimmon garden, and oscillatory type solar deinsectization lamp is installed, every 25 mu one；
6) trunk, the rough bark on major branch struck off, sticks up skin when winter clear garden, removing the calyx and receptacle of a persimmon left on ridge, will set with lime white
It is dry-coated white.
(6) pick: after result, in mid or late October pick fruit, picking fruit sequence be from outside to inside, from top to bottom,
Retain 1-2cm base of fruit, contains fruit container inner wall and keep smooth, be placed at 3 DEG C and store in time after fruit harvesting, " rich " and " Buddhist temple
Separately picking is stored separately ball ".
The production method of the nutritive cube is to select the plastic containers of high 25cm, back cut diameter 25cm, base diameter 15cm,
By charring rice husk, well-rotted farmyard manure, earthworm soil, Pond Silt, garlic with volume ratio 2:4:3:5:1 mix it is sterilized after fill out
It is charged in plastic containers.
The base manure is mixed by pig manure, cow dung, fruit/vegetable waste, saccharomycetes to make fermentation waste, is fermented 2 months.
The mixed fertilizer is made of following raw material: 20 parts of Pericarpium Kaki, 20 parts of tealeaf residue, 20 parts of smallfruit fig leaf, 15 parts of Asian puccoon, thunder
12 parts of public rattan, 20 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of animal bone powder, 15 parts of soya-bean cake, 30 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of lignin, 30 parts of cow dung, pig
30 parts of excrement, 20 parts of molasses fermented waste, 2 parts of borax, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of trichoderma harzianum, withered grass
10 parts of bacillus；
Its making step is as follows:
(1) by tealeaf residue, smallfruit fig leaf, Asian puccoon, tripterygium wilfordii, lignin, cow dung, pig manure, molasses fermented waste mixed fermentation 30-
40 days；
(2) plant ash, animal bone powder, soya-bean cake, peat soil, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis is added toward above-mentioned fermentation material
Be uniformly mixed, then be added borax, ammonium molybdate, calcium superphosphate to get.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea, including seedling, grafting, site preparation, transplanting, field management, picking are cultivated, it is specific interior
Hold as follows:
(1) seedling: mid or late Febuary is cultivated, the seed of the wild persimmon of Hengxian County South Asia town people's livelihood village well developed root system is selected to seek
It supports and cultivates seedling in alms bowl, mid or late Febuary next year cuts part, stays trunk 20cm when persimmon seedling long supreme 25-30cm,
Every plant of application 25g base manure makes trunk long thick.
(2) it grafts: October next year, the stalwartness of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon tree for selecting good quality and high output, sweet fruit crisp
Semi-lignified branch is 8:1 as scion, the ratio of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "；It is cut at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part with knife
Two inclined-planes, top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Seedling stays anvil cutting at the 18cm of ground, by stock
It is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm, in scion insertion stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by indoles
2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after acetic acid and 6- glycosyl adenine phosphate 1:20 in mass ratio mixing；By " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "
Separately cultivate.
(3) site preparation: the deep fertile, content of organic matter of soil layer is selected to enrich, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenient sandy loam or red
Planting site of the gentle slope of loam as persimmon；Kind of a plant hole 70-80cm is excavated, pulverized limestone is sprinkled into cave and applies base manure.
(4) transplant: by the seedling after grafting survival in next year transplantation with soil in October, seeding row spacing is the m of 2.8m × 3；Using
Center type arranges pollinizers, and centered on " Buddhist temple ball ", " Buddhist temple ball " surrounding plants 8 " rich "；Kind plant hole backfill
Soil is watered with root water, then fill out fine earth to knoll and be slightly above table top 20cm to when flushing table top；Sick seedling, dead is removed after 15 days in time
Seedling, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time.
(5) field management:
1) seedling trunk height to be grafted it is long to 30-40cm when, 3 major branches, equilibrium allocation are selected and remain in pinching；It is long to 30- to major branch
Pinching inspires overgrowing branch when 40cm；To the vigorous branch of vertical growth, pass through the method drawn, hang, turned round October, allow branch tiltedly give birth to or
Horizontal growth；Control tree is high no more than 2.5m, tree-like using happy shape as standard；Crossing branch, weak branch, sick branch are cut off after fruit picking
And deadwood；
2) the 2nd, 3 year of transplanting, interplants wormwood in persimmon garden；After transplanting the 4th year and after, fruit tree root and outward
The wormwood of layer overlay thickness 8cm within the scope of 30-50cm；It is primary to carry out tillage and weeding each season, depth 5-10cm, after intertillage
Cover new wormwood；
3) period, the sheet or spherical body of suspension package reflective membrane, supplement the intensity of illumination below fruit tree on fruit tree；?
Persimmon expands initial stage and mid-term, and the sprinkling irrigation watering at dusk daily of high temperature and drought phase guarantees that fruit tree can absorb sufficient moisture；In persimmon
The later period is expanded, in the ranks ditches in fruit tree and hydrofuge and controls watering, implementation wanes watering, and the blade of persimmon tree is allowed to keep withering slightly
It is listless, 8 days every time；
4) 3 mixed fertilizers are applied every year, and mu dosage is 2.5 tons, respectively in March, June, December；
5) honeybee is cultivated in persimmon garden, and oscillatory type solar deinsectization lamp is installed, every 28 mu one；
6) trunk, the rough bark on major branch struck off, sticks up skin when winter clear garden, removing the calyx and receptacle of a persimmon left on ridge, will set with lime white
It is dry-coated white.
(6) pick: after result, in mid or late October pick fruit, picking fruit sequence be from outside to inside, from top to bottom,
Retain 1-2cm base of fruit, contains fruit container inner wall and keep smooth, be placed at 5 DEG C and store in time after fruit harvesting, " rich " and " Buddhist temple
Separately picking is stored separately ball ".
The production method of the nutritive cube is to select the plastic containers of high 28cm, back cut diameter 28cm, base diameter 18cm,
By charring rice husk, well-rotted farmyard manure, earthworm soil, Pond Silt, garlic with volume ratio 2:4:3:5:1 mix it is sterilized after fill out
It is charged in plastic containers.
The base manure is mixed by pig manure, cow dung, fruit/vegetable waste, saccharomycetes to make fermentation waste, is fermented 3 months.
The mixed fertilizer is made of following raw material: 15 parts of Pericarpium Kaki, 18 parts of tealeaf residue, 15 parts of smallfruit fig leaf, 12 parts of Asian puccoon, thunder
10 parts of public rattan, 15 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of animal bone powder, 12 parts of soya-bean cake, 25 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of lignin, 20 parts of cow dung, pig
20 parts of excrement, 15 parts of molasses fermented waste, 1 part of borax, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8 parts of trichoderma harzianum, withered grass bud
8 parts of spore bacillus；
Its making step is as follows:
(1) by tealeaf residue, smallfruit fig leaf, Asian puccoon, tripterygium wilfordii, lignin, cow dung, pig manure, molasses fermented waste mixed fermentation 30-
40 days；
(2) plant ash, animal bone powder, soya-bean cake, peat soil, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis is added toward above-mentioned fermentation material
Be uniformly mixed, then be added borax, ammonium molybdate, calcium superphosphate to get.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea, including seedling, grafting, site preparation, transplanting, field management, picking are cultivated, it is specific interior
Hold as follows:
(1) seedling: mid or late Febuary is cultivated, the seed of the wild persimmon of Hengxian County South Asia town people's livelihood village well developed root system is selected to seek
It supports and cultivates seedling in alms bowl, mid or late Febuary next year cuts part, stays trunk 22cm when persimmon seedling long supreme 25-30cm,
Every plant of application 30g base manure makes trunk long thick.
(2) it grafts: October next year, the stalwartness of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon tree for selecting good quality and high output, sweet fruit crisp
Semi-lignified branch is 8:1 as scion, the ratio of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "；It is cut at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part with knife
Two inclined-planes, top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Seedling stays anvil cutting at the 20cm of ground, by stock
It is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm, in scion insertion stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by indoles
2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after acetic acid and 6- glycosyl adenine phosphate 1:20 in mass ratio mixing；By " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "
Separately cultivate.
(3) site preparation: the deep fertile, content of organic matter of soil layer is selected to enrich, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenient sandy loam or red
Planting site of the gentle slope of loam as persimmon；Kind of a plant hole 70-80cm is excavated, pulverized limestone is sprinkled into cave and applies base manure.
(4) transplant: by the seedling after grafting survival in next year transplantation with soil in October, seeding row spacing is the m of 3m × 3；In
Core type arranges pollinizers, and centered on " Buddhist temple ball ", " Buddhist temple ball " surrounding plants 8 " rich "；Kind plant hole backfill
To when flushing table top, it is watered with root water, then fills out fine earth to knoll and is slightly above table top 25cm；Sick seedling, dead seedling are removed after 15 days in time,
And it fills the gaps with seedlings in time.
(5) field management:
1) seedling trunk height to be grafted it is long to 30-40cm when, 3 major branches, equilibrium allocation are selected and remain in pinching；It is long to 30- to major branch
Pinching inspires overgrowing branch when 40cm；To the vigorous branch of vertical growth, pass through the method drawn, hang, turned round October, allow branch tiltedly give birth to or
Horizontal growth；Control tree is high no more than 2.5m, tree-like using happy shape as standard；Crossing branch, weak branch, sick branch are cut off after fruit picking
And deadwood；
2) sesame or wormwood are interplanted in the 2nd, 3 year of transplanting in persimmon garden；After transplanting the 4th year and after, fruit tree root and
The wormwood of layer overlay thickness 10cm or straw within the scope of outside 30-50cm；It is primary to carry out tillage and weeding each season, depth 5-
10cm covers new wormwood or straw after intertillage；
3) period, the sheet or spherical body of suspension package reflective membrane, supplement the intensity of illumination below fruit tree on fruit tree；?
Persimmon expands initial stage and mid-term, and the sprinkling irrigation watering at dusk daily of high temperature and drought phase guarantees that fruit tree can absorb sufficient moisture；In persimmon
The later period is expanded, in the ranks ditches in fruit tree and hydrofuge and controls watering, implementation wanes watering, and the blade of persimmon tree is allowed to keep withering slightly
It is listless, each 7-10 days；
4) 3 mixed fertilizers are applied every year, and mu dosage is 3 tons, respectively in March, July, December；
5) honeybee is cultivated in persimmon garden, and oscillatory type solar deinsectization lamp is installed, every 30 mu one；
6) trunk, the rough bark on major branch struck off, sticks up skin when winter clear garden, removing the calyx and receptacle of a persimmon left on ridge, will set with lime white
It is dry-coated white.
(6) pick: after result, in mid or late October pick fruit, picking fruit sequence be from outside to inside, from top to bottom,
Retain 1-2cm base of fruit, contains fruit container inner wall and keep smooth, be placed at 6 DEG C and store in time after fruit harvesting, " rich " and " Buddhist temple
Separately picking is stored separately ball ".
The production method of the nutritive cube is to select the plastic containers of high 30cm, back cut diameter 30cm, base diameter 20cm,
By charring rice husk, well-rotted farmyard manure, earthworm soil, Pond Silt, garlic with volume ratio 2:4:3:5:1 mix it is sterilized after fill out
It is charged in plastic containers.
The base manure is mixed by pig manure, cow dung, fruit/vegetable waste, saccharomycetes to make fermentation waste, and fermentation 2-3 months.
The mixed fertilizer is made of following raw material: 10 parts of Pericarpium Kaki, 15 parts of tealeaf residue, 10 parts of smallfruit fig leaf, 10 parts of Asian puccoon, thunder
8 parts of public rattan, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of animal bone powder, 10 parts of soya-bean cake, 20 parts of peat soil, 10-20 parts of lignin, 10 parts of cow dung,
10 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of molasses fermented waste, 0.1 part of borax, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of trichoderma harzianum,
5 parts of bacillus subtilis；
Its making step is as follows:
(1) by tealeaf residue, smallfruit fig leaf, Asian puccoon, tripterygium wilfordii, lignin, cow dung, pig manure, molasses fermented waste mixed fermentation 30-
40 days；
(2) plant ash, animal bone powder, soya-bean cake, peat soil, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis is added toward above-mentioned fermentation material
Be uniformly mixed, then be added borax, ammonium molybdate, calcium superphosphate to get.
The applicant uses the implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention 2, the crisp persimmon of a collection of sweet tea has been planted in Hengxian County, after transplanting
3rd year examination fruit, the 4th annual strain produce 46 kg, and the 5th annual strain produces 68 kg.Fruit is short oval to spherical shape, mean fruit weight
288.1g, soluble solid about 16.9%, tannin about 741mg/kg, edible rate are up to 92%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea, which is characterized in that the method includes cultivating seedling, grafting, site preparation, shifting
Cultivation, field management, picking, particular content are as follows:
(1) seedling: mid or late Febuary is cultivated, the seed of the wild persimmon of local well developed root system is selected to cultivate seedling in nutritive cube,
Mid or late Febuary next year cuts part, stays trunk 18-22cm, every plant of application 20-30g when persimmon seedling long supreme 25-30cm
Base manure makes trunk long thick；
(2) it grafts: October next year, healthy and strong half wood of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon tree for selecting good quality and high output, sweet fruit crisp
Matter branch is 8:1 as scion, the ratio of " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "；Two are cut with knife at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part
Inclined-plane, top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Seedling stays anvil cutting at the 16-20cm of ground, by stock
It is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm, in scion insertion stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by indoles
2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after acetic acid and 6- glycosyl adenine phosphate 1:20 in mass ratio mixing；By " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "
Separately cultivate；
(3) site preparation: the selection deep fertile, content of organic matter of soil layer enriches, has abundant water resources, the convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage or red soil
Planting site of the gentle slope as persimmon；Kind of a plant hole 70-80cm is excavated, pulverized limestone is sprinkled into cave and applies base manure；
(4) transplant: by the seedling after grafting survival in next year September-October transplantation with soil, seeding row spacing is (2.5-3) m × 3 m；
Pollinizers are arranged using center type, centered on " Buddhist temple ball ", " Buddhist temple ball " surrounding plants 8 " rich "；Kind plant hole
Backfill is watered with root water to when flushing table top, then fills out fine earth to knoll and be slightly above table top 15-25cm；It is removed in time after 15 days
Sick seedling, dead seedling, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time；
(5) field management:
1) seedling trunk height to be grafted it is long to 30-40cm when, 3 major branches, equilibrium allocation are selected and remain in pinching；It is long to 30- to major branch
Pinching inspires overgrowing branch when 40cm；To the vigorous branch of vertical growth, passes through the method drawn, hang, turned round in 9-10 month, branch is allowed tiltedly to give birth to
Or horizontal growth；Control tree is high no more than 2.5m, tree-like using happy shape as standard；Crossing branch, weak branch, disease pest are cut off after fruit picking
Branch and deadwood；
2) sesame or wormwood are interplanted in the 2nd, 3 year of transplanting in persimmon garden；After transplanting the 4th year and after, fruit tree root and
The wormwood of layer overlay thickness 6-10cm or straw within the scope of outside 30-50cm；Each season progress tillage and weeding is primary, and depth is
5-10cm covers new wormwood or straw after intertillage；
3) period, the sheet or spherical body of suspension package reflective membrane, supplement the intensity of illumination below fruit tree on fruit tree；?
Persimmon expands initial stage and mid-term, and the sprinkling irrigation watering at dusk daily of high temperature and drought phase guarantees that fruit tree can absorb sufficient moisture；In persimmon
The later period is expanded, in the ranks ditches in fruit tree and hydrofuge and controls watering, implementation wanes watering, and the blade of persimmon tree is allowed to keep withering slightly
It is listless, each 7-10 days；
4) 3 mixed fertilizers are applied every year, and mu dosage is 2-3 tons, respectively in 2-3 month, 6-7 month, 11-12 month；
5) honeybee is cultivated in persimmon garden, and oscillatory type solar deinsectization lamp is installed, every 25-30 mu one；
6) trunk, the rough bark on major branch struck off, sticks up skin when winter clear garden, removing the calyx and receptacle of a persimmon left on ridge, will set with lime white
It is dry-coated white；
(6) it picks: after result, fruit is picked in mid or late October, picking fruit sequence is from outside to inside, from top to bottom, to retain
1-2cm base of fruit contains fruit container inner wall and keeps smooth, is placed at 3-6 DEG C and stores in time after fruit harvesting, " rich " and " Buddhist temple ball "
Separately picking is stored separately.
2. the implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the production method of the nutritive cube is choosing
With the plastic containers of high 25-30cm, back cut diameter 25-30cm, base diameter 15-20cm, by charring rice husk, well-rotted farmyard manure,
Earthworm soil, Pond Silt, garlic with volume ratio 2:4:3:5:1 mixing it is sterilized after be filled into plastic containers.
3. the implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the base manure is by pig manure, cow dung, fruits and vegetables
Waste, the mixing of saccharomycetes to make fermentation waste, fermentation 2-3 months.
4. the implantation methods of the crisp persimmon of sweet tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mixed fertilizer is by following raw material group
At: 10-20 parts of Pericarpium Kaki, 15-20 parts of tealeaf residue, 10-20 parts of smallfruit fig leaf, 10-15 parts of Asian puccoon, 8-12 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, plant ash
10-20 parts, 10-15 parts of animal bone powder, 10-15 parts of soya-bean cake, 20-30 parts of peat soil, 10-20 parts of lignin, cow dung 10-30
Part, 10-30 parts of pig manure, waste 10-20 parts molasses fermented, 0.1-2 parts of borax, 0.1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, calcium superphosphate 10-20
Part, 5-10 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis；
Its making step is as follows:
(1) by tealeaf residue, smallfruit fig leaf, Asian puccoon, tripterygium wilfordii, lignin, cow dung, pig manure, molasses fermented waste mixed fermentation 30-
40 days；
(2) plant ash, animal bone powder, soya-bean cake, peat soil, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis is added toward above-mentioned fermentation material
Be uniformly mixed, then be added borax, ammonium molybdate, calcium superphosphate to get.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113207538A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-06 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Persimmon orchard landscape matching planting method |
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2018
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113207538A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-06 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Persimmon orchard landscape matching planting method |
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