CN109172650A - 一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。该组合物由大叶金花草14~42重量份,四方草15~45重量份,狮子草6~18重量份,宽瓣金莲花3~9重量份的原料药组成。该中药组合物用于制备防治小鹅瘟的中兽药物,见效快、副作用小,安全方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药制药领域,涉及一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物。本发明还涉及该中药组合物的制备方法及该中药组合物在制备防治小鹅瘟的中兽药中的应用。
背景技术
小鹅瘟是由鹅细小病毒引起的一种传播较快、死亡率高、高度接触性败血性传染病。主要危害1月龄以内的雏鹅,是严重危害我国养鹅业发展的重要传染病之一。目前,预防小鹅瘟的主要措施是,母鹅在开产前1月注射小鹅瘟疫苗,或雏鹅在出壳后3~5日龄内注射小鹅瘟血清或卵黄抗体,而一旦发病后,治疗小鹅瘟的药物较少,即使有个别品种能够防治小鹅瘟,但却存在着容易复发和不能根治的弊病。而且中药的剂型是散剂较多,药物释放较慢,生物利用度低,临床效果不是很好;而各种抗病毒西药如利巴韦林、金刚烷胺等,农业农村部已经禁止畜禽使用。
因此研发一种防治小鹅瘟的无药物残留、无耐药性产生、生物利用度高、临床效果显著的有效药物是急待解决的新课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物。
本发明另一个目的是提供上述防治小鹅瘟中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明还有一个目的是提供上述防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物在中兽药物中的应用。
本发明的目的是通过下列技术措施来实施的:
一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物,该组合物由下列重量份的组分制成:大叶金花草14~42重量份,四方草15~45重量份,狮子草6~18重量份,宽瓣金莲花3~9重量份。
上述组合物优选由下列重量份的组分组成:
大叶金花草16~22重量份,四方草15~20重量份,狮子草6~10重量份,宽瓣金莲花4~7重量份。
上述组合物进一步优选由下列重量份的组分组成:
大叶金花草16~18重量份,四方草17~20重量份,狮子草8~10重量份,宽瓣金莲花5~7重量份。
该组合物与药学可接受的辅料制成制剂,优选制剂为口服液。
上述防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物是通过下列步骤制备得到的:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花混合,加水浸泡24~30小时后煎煮2~3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5~1小时,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%乙醇调至醇浓度为60%~70%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度为75%~80%,搅匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇再浓缩至无醇味,药液加水冷藏,沉淀,过滤,滤液浓缩。
上述防治小鹅瘟的中药口服液是通过下列步骤得到的:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花混合,加水浸泡24~30小时后煎煮2~3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5~1小时,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%乙醇调至醇浓度为60%~70%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度为75%~80%,搅匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇再浓缩至无醇味,药液加水冷藏,沉淀,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含1~2g生药量的药液,制成口服液。
该中药组合物在防治小鹅瘟传染病中应用,具有显著疗效,可应用于制备防治小鹅瘟的中兽药物。
本发明药物防治小鹅瘟近万例,均取得较好疗效,一般治疗3天后停止死亡,4~5天痊愈,见效快,治愈后一般不复发,表明本发明药物有甚高疗效,且副作用小,安全方便。
本发明的有益效果:本发明吸取中兽医学精髓;大叶金花草(鳞始蕨科植物)Sphenomeris chinensis(L)Maxon.具有清热解毒、利湿,止血功效。主治感冒发热,咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,肠炎,肝炎,痈疮肿毒,狂犬、毒蛇咬伤,皮肤湿疹,吐血,尿血,便血。四方草(唇形科植物)Rabdosia stracheyi(Benth.ex llook.f.)Hara.具有清热利湿,活血散瘀功效。主治急性黄疸型肝炎,急性胆囊炎,水肿,中暑,跌打瘀痛,乳疮。狮子草(唇形科植物)Rabdosiayuennanensis(Hand-Mazz)Hara..具有祛风利湿、活血通络,解毒消毒功效。主治感冒,风湿骨痛,食积,痢疾,黄疸,疮疡,疥癣,狂犬咬伤。宽瓣金莲花(毛莨科植物)Trolliusasiaticus L.具有清热解毒,消毒,明目功效。主治感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,牙龈肿痛,目赤肿痛,疔疮肿毒,急性淋巴管炎。本发明组合以大叶金花草为君药,4种药物配伍,达到标本兼治的目的,对小鹅瘟有很好的防治作用。
下面就本发明的效果进一步说明本发明的疗效。
一、本发明体外抗小鹅瘟病毒试验研究
1、药品:本试验以本发明为试验药品(按实施例1制备得到);以0.2毫克/毫升的金刚烷胺为西药对照。
2、小鹅瘟病毒毒株、小鹅瘟阳性血清由扬州大学提供。
3、非免鹅胚:购自扬州市仪征鹅场。
4、琼脂平板:取1g优质琼脂加到100mLpH7.8的8%氯化钠溶液中,加热溶解后,加入1mL1%硫柳汞溶液,混匀后倾倒平板,厚约3mm,冷却后按梅花形打孔,中央孔和外周孔孔径3mm,孔距4mm,封底后备用。琼脂平板由江苏农牧科技职业学院预防兽医教研室配制。
5、试验分组:孵化13日龄鹅胚40个,随机分4组,具体分组情况见表1。
表1实验分组情况
7、试验方法:
(1)病毒复壮,测定最小致死量将不同浓度病毒稀释液接种非免鹅胚,弃去48小时内死胚,收取9天内活胚和2~9天死胚尿囊液,再将尿囊液稀释不同倍数,接种非免鹅胚,得出胚胎最小致死量(即尿囊液最小致死量的稀释度为1∶200)。正式接种试验的尿囊液为1∶200,每个鹅胚接种0.2毫升。
(2)药物毒性试验中药原药液用生理盐水作倍比稀释,将中药原液及不同浓度的药液分别接种于4枚12日龄鹅胚尿囊腔中,每只0.2毫升,置37.8℃温箱孵育9天,每天观察存活情况,鹅胚全部存活的最高药液浓度为正式试验起始浓度,同时设生理盐水对照组,药物对鹅胚毒性试验结果见表2。
表2中药对鹅胚毒性实验结果
★分母为接种胚数,分子为存活胚数。
(3)具体方法
试验Ⅰ组 每个鹅胚尿囊腔同时接种中药0.2毫升,病毒0.2毫升。
试验Ⅱ组 每个鸡胚尿囊腔同时接种西药0.2毫升,病毒0.2毫升。
感染对照组 每个鸡胚尿囊腔同时接种生理盐水0.2毫升,病毒0.2毫升。
空白对照组 不接种病毒,不给药。
上述鸡胚在37.8℃温箱中继续孵化,每天照蛋2~3次,充去48小时内死胎,收取9天内活胚和2~9天死胚的尿囊液,低温保存备用。以琼脂扩散试验检测鹅胚尿囊液的病毒繁殖情况。
(4)琼脂扩散试验方法将制备好的琼脂板按梅花图打孔封底,孔径及孔距均为3毫米。中央孔加阳性血清,周围孔加接种孵育的鸡胚尿囊液,中央孔与抗原孔之间形成清晰沉淀线判定为阳性(++)。中央孔与抗原孔之间形成的不清晰沉淀线判定为弱阳性(+),中央孔与抗原孔之间无沉淀线为阴性(-)。
中药对小鹅瘟病毒增殖的影响,用琼脂扩散试验测定,结果见表3。
表3中药对小鹅瘟病毒增殖的抑制作用测定结果
与感染组比较:★表示P<0.05,★★表示P<0.01。
二、本发明对实验性小鹅瘟的治疗试验
1、试验动物购种鹅未接种小鹅瘟疫苗种蛋孵化的1日龄雏鹅两批,分别饲养至10日龄。第1批50只,用于病毒致死量测定。第2批180只,将鹅分为6个组,每组30只,即中药预防组与治疗组,西药预防组与治疗组,感染对照组,空白对照组。
2、小鹅瘟毒株由扬州大学提供。
3、试验方法:
(1)先测定尿囊液最小致死量,通过测定,尿囊液的最小致死量为150倍稀释,每只鹅口服0.4毫升。
(2)接种空白对照组不接种尿囊液,不用药,其余5个组的鹅在同一时间里,每只鹅口服稀释后的尿囊液0.4毫升。
(3)用药时间发明预防组在接种尿囊液的同时,开始用本发明中药口服(按实施例4制备得到),每只鹅每次1毫升,每天用药2次,连用5天。发明治疗组在接种尿囊液4天后(出现症状)用药,每只鹅每次1毫升,每天用药2次,连用5天。西药预防组在接种尿囊液的同时,开始用0.2毫克/毫升的金刚烷胺口服,每只鹅每次1毫升,每日2次,连用5天。西药治疗组在接种尿囊液4天后(出现症状)用药,用0.2毫克/毫升的金刚烷胺口服,每只鸡每次1毫升,每天2次,连用5天,感染对照组的鹅只接种尿囊液,不用任何药物,结果见表4。
本发明的积极效果是一种纯中药制剂,副作用小,使用安全方便,吸收快。对小鹅瘟的治愈率在90%左右,避免了兽药残留和社会公害的发生。
表4小鹅瘟预防与治疗结果
三、小鹅瘟的临床治疗观察
小鹅瘟是雏鹅的一种烈性传染病,雏鹅一旦感染,可在鹅群中迅速传播,且病死率高,使养殖户遭受严重的经济损失。用5组药物:本发明组(按实施例1制备得到)、大叶金花草组、四方草组、四方草+狮子草组、宽瓣金莲花+四方草+狮子草组,在江苏仪征鹅场对发病鹅进行中药治疗,每只鹅每次1毫升口服,每天2次,连用5天,共治疗病鹅四千多只。
本发明组(按实施例1制备得到);
大叶金花草组:取大叶金花草46g,将大叶金花草药材加其重量5倍的水浸泡24小时,浸泡24小时后煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5小时以上,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至乙醇浓度60%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时以上,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度75%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加4倍量水冷藏沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为为每mL含生药1.5g的药液。
四方草组:取四方草46g,将四方草药材加其重量5倍的水浸泡24小时,浸泡24小时后煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5小时以上,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至乙醇浓度60%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时以上,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度75%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加4倍量水冷藏沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1.5g的药液。
四方草+狮子草组:取四方草30g,狮子草16g,添加2味药材总重量5倍的水,浸泡24小时后煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5小时以上,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至乙醇浓度60%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时以上,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度75%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加4倍量水冷藏沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1.5g的药液。
四方草+狮子草组+宽瓣金莲花:取大四方草30g,狮子草10g,宽瓣金莲花6g,按照以下方法制备:
将四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花加3味药材总重量5倍的水浸泡24小时后,煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5小时以上,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至乙醇浓度60%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时以上,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度75%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加4倍量水冷藏沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1.5g的药液。对小鹅瘟的疗效结果见表5。
表5小鹅瘟临床疗效结果
五、安全性试验
取ICR小鼠30只,体重在25~30克,按体重随机分成5组,每组6只,雌雄各半,口服给药(按实施例2制备得到),给药量分别为0.2毫升/只、0.4毫升/只、0.6毫升/只和0.8毫升/只,每天口服2次,连续给药5天,停药后连续观察20天。对照组自由饮水。结果所有小鼠健存,其活动、饮食、毛发、排泄物未发现异常,未见毒性反应。对小鼠口腔和破损皮肤进行刺激性试验,未见有刺激性反应和其它不良反应。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的描述:
实施例1:
组方:大叶金花草16g,四方草17g,狮子草8g,宽瓣金莲花5g
具体制备过程如下:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花药材加总重量5倍的水浸泡24小时后煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5小时以上,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至乙醇浓度60%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时以上,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度75%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加4倍量水冷藏沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1.5g的药液,制成口服液,分装,灭菌即得。
实施例2:
组方:大叶金花草14g,四方草15g,狮子草6g,宽瓣金莲花3g
具体制备过程如下:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花药材加总重量5倍的水浸泡浸泡24小时后后煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5小时以上,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至乙醇浓度60%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时以上,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度75%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加4倍量水冷藏沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1g的药液,制成口服液,分装,灭菌即得。
实施例3:
组方:大叶金花草28g,四方草32g,狮子草13g,宽瓣金莲花5g
具体制备过程如下:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花药材加总重量6倍的水浸泡30小时后煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持1小时,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%乙醇调至乙醇浓度65%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀60小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇。回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度80%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加2倍量水冷藏沉淀24小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药2g的药液,制成口服液,分装,灭菌即得。
实施例4:
组方:大叶金花草18g,四方草19g,狮子草10g,宽瓣金莲花7g
具体制备过程如下:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花药材加总重量7倍的水浸泡27小时后,煎煮3次,每次煮沸后维持1小时,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%乙醇调至乙醇浓度70%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇。回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度80%,搅匀沉淀48小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,再浓缩至无醇味,药液加3倍量水冷藏沉淀24小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1.5g的浓度,制成口服液,分装,灭菌即得。
Claims (8)
1.一种防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份的组分制成:大叶金花草14~42重量份,四方草15~45重量份,狮子草6~18重量份,宽瓣金莲花3~9重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份的组分制成:大叶金花草16~22重量份,四方草15~20重量份,狮子草6~10重量份,宽瓣金莲花4~7重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份的组分制成:大叶金花草16~18重量份,四方草17~20重量份,狮子草8~10重量份,宽瓣金莲花5~7重量份。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的防治小鹅瘟病毒的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物与药学可接受的辅料制成制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物,其特征在于所述的制剂为口服液。
6.一种权利要求1、2或3所述的防治小鹅瘟的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花混合,加水浸泡24~30小时后煎煮2~3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5~1小时,合并煎液并浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%乙醇调至醇浓度为60%~70%,充分搅拌混匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加95%乙醇调至醇浓度为75%~80%,搅匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇再浓缩至无醇味,药液加水冷藏,沉淀,过滤,滤液浓缩。
7.一种权利要求5所述的防治小鹅瘟的中药口服液的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
将大叶金花草、四方草、狮子草、宽瓣金莲花,加水浸泡24~30小时后,煎煮2~3次,每次煮沸后维持0.5~1小时,煎液合并后浓缩至稠状,加重量百分比浓度为95%的乙醇调至醇浓度60%~70%,充分搅匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇,回收乙醇后的药液再加重量百分比浓度为95%乙醇调至醇浓度为75%~80%,搅匀,沉淀,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后再浓缩至无醇味,药液加水冷藏,沉淀,过滤,滤液浓缩,得浓度为每mL含生药1-2g的药液,即得口服液。
8.权利要求1、2或3所述的防治小鹅瘟病毒中药组合物在制备防治小鹅瘟的中兽药物中的应用。
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