CN109169115B

CN109169115B - Planting method of extra-long carrots

Info

Publication number: CN109169115B
Application number: CN201811377794.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈燕红; 苏彦彬; 赵艳丽; 张天柱
Original assignee: Beijing Zhongnong Futong Gardening Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Zhongnong Futong Gardening Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-19
Filing date: 2018-11-19
Publication date: 2021-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-19
Also published as: CN109169115A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture, and relates to a method for planting extra-long carrots, which comprises the steps of selecting an internal hollow container with the height of more than 1m as a planting container, using a mixture of river sand and garden soil as a culture medium, uniformly drilling a plurality of round holes on the culture medium as planting holes, filling grass carbon and an organic fertilizer mixture into the planting holes, vertically pressing a fixing ring into the planting holes, enabling half of the fixing ring to be in the planting holes and enabling half of the fixing ring to be exposed outside, selecting a variety with growth potential, watering the planting holes once to penetrate water and then sowing, enabling the sowing depth to be 2cm, covering a plastic film on the planting container after sowing, facilitating heat preservation and moisture preservation until emergence, controlling the water and fertilizer amount, illumination and temperature in a growth period, stopping watering one week before harvesting, removing the fixing ring firstly during harvesting, digging off some soil on the root stems to expose fleshy roots, pulling out, eight ninety centimeters long carrot with special length is harvested, the high-yield characteristic of the single carrot is fully exerted, and the carrot with special length has ornamental value and nutritional value.

Description

Planting method of extra-long carrots

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture, and relates to a method for planting ultra-long carrots in a container in a soilless culture manner.

Background

Carrot, also called carrot or wild carrot, is a variety of wild carrot, and the variety is different from the original variety in root quality, long cone shape, thick fertilizer, red or yellow.

Carrot belongs to biennial herb, stems are single, and the whole is provided with white coarse bristle. The basal leaf is thin and long; the leaf stalk is 3-12 cm long; the cauline leaves are nearly sessile and have leaf sheaths. Compounding umbelliform inflorescences, wherein the inflorescence stems are 10-55 cm long and are provided with rough bristles; the involucre has a plurality of bracts which are leaf-shaped and feather-shaped; most umbrella spokes are bent inwards when the umbrella is used; 5-7 small involucre in linear shape; flowers are usually white, sometimes with a pale red color; the flower stalks are not equal in length and 3-10 mm in length. The fruit is round egg shape, 3-4 mm long, 2mm wide, white bur on the edge, and 5-7 months flowering period.

Carrot is a common vegetable with crisp texture, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and is called as 'Xiao Ginseng'. The carrot contains rich carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, calcium and dietary fiber, and also contains a large amount of phosphorus which forms brain cells and bone marrow cells. Vitamin A can promote normal growth and reproduction of organism, maintain epithelial tissue, prevent respiratory tract infection, keep eyesight normal, and prevent and treat nyctalopia and xerophthalmia. Feeding women can reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. The carrot contains potassium succinate, and is helpful for preventing angiosclerosis, reducing cholesterol, and preventing and treating hypertension. The carotene can remove free radicals causing aging, and the B vitamins, vitamin C and other nutrient components also have the functions of moistening skin and resisting aging.

The yield and the quality of the carrots are related to fertilizers needed by the carrots, and the growth of the carrots can be better promoted only by applying fertilizers scientifically and reasonably, so that the yield can be increased, the quality can be improved, and the economic benefit of planting can be improved. However, the growth environment of the carrot is not reasonably controlled, so that the carrot grows poorly, and the planted carrot is not rich in nutrient substances. Moreover, the fertilization management does not start from the growth characteristics of the carrots, the yield of the planted carrots is not high, and the yield required by the planted carrots cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of the ultra-long carrot, which utilizes the unlimited growth characteristic of the rootstalk of the ultra-long carrot, adopts the soilless culture planting technology in a container to create a proper growth condition for the ultra-long carrot, cultures the common carrot into the length of eight ninety centimeters, and fully exerts the high-yield characteristic of the monomer.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

a method for planting ultra-long carrots comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a planting container:

selecting an internal hollow container with the height more than 1m as a planting container;

s2, determining a matrix and a planting hole:

adding a mixture of river sand and garden soil into a planting container as a cultivation medium, wherein the volume ratio of the river sand to the garden soil is 3:1, the mixture is 5cm away from the upper edge of a mouth of the planting container, uniformly punching a plurality of round holes on the cultivation medium of the planting container by using a puncher as planting holes, filling the planting holes with the mixture of grass carbon and organic fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the grass carbon to the organic fertilizer is 3:1, vertically pressing a fixing ring into the planting holes, and exposing half of the fixing ring in the planting holes;

s3, selecting seeds:

selecting long cylindrical late-maturing varieties with growth potential;

s4, sowing:

watering the planting holes once to permeate water, then sowing with the sowing depth of 2cm, covering a plastic film on the planting container after sowing, and facilitating heat preservation and moisture preservation, wherein the temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃ until seedlings emerge;

s5, managing the growth period:

the germination period is from sowing to cotyledon expansion, the true leaves are exposed to the heart, the period is 10-15 days, during the period, watering is carried out once every 2-3 days, and watering is continuously carried out for 2-3 times, so that smooth seedling emergence is ensured;

the seedling stage is from growing a first true leaf to growing a 5 th to 6 th true leaf, the period is 25 +/-2 days, the relative water content of soil is kept between 65 percent and 80 percent, and the temperature is controlled at 21-24 ℃;

the full growth period of the leaves is 30 +/-2 days from 6 true leaves to 12 true leaves of the plants, the relative water content of the soil is controlled between 50 and 60 percent, and the reduction of the water is beneficial to the downward growth of the root system to form an ideal long root system.

The fleshy root expansion period is 60 days from 12 true leaves of carrot to harvest, and the temperature is controlled to be 10-25 ℃ and the day and night temperature difference is 8-12 ℃;

s6, harvesting:

stopping watering one week before harvesting, removing the fixing ring during harvesting, digging off soil on the root part to expose fleshy root, holding the fleshy root to pull out the carrot, and completing harvesting.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50%, and the content of total nutrients is more than or equal to 8%.

Preferably, the planting container is a plastic barrel with the diameter of 60 cm.

Preferably, the puncher is a PVC pipe with the length of 1.3m and the diameter of 63mm, and the front end of the puncher is thinned to facilitate downward punching.

Preferably, the fixing ring has a length of 5cm and a diameter of 63 mm.

Preferably, the depth of the planting hole is 90cm, and the diameter of the planting hole is 6.3 cm.

Preferably, the number of the planting holes is 6.

Preferably, a cylindrical variety with a slender meat root is selected in step S3.

Preferably, the fleshy root is in the swelling period, and the temperature is controlled to be 15.5-21 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention utilizes the unlimited growth characteristic of carrot roots and roots, adopts a soilless culture mode in a container to create a proper growth condition for the carrot roots, cultures common twenty-three centimeters of carrots into eight and ninety centimeters long, exerts the high-yield characteristic of the monomers, adds bright points for sightseeing agriculture, has rich nutrition, has ornamental value and edible value, and provides possibility for researchers pursuing the yield of a single plant.

(2) The planting method of the ultra-long carrot is not limited by regions, and the carrot with excellent quality can be planted in both southern areas and northern areas.

(3) According to the planting method, during the planting process of the carrots, the mode of soilless culture in the container is adopted for planting, so that water and fertilizer management and pest control are facilitated, the incidence rate of pests is reduced in a specific planting environment, and the cost is saved.

(4) The carrot planted by the method has rich taste and excellent quality, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved by planting the carrot in a container, and the fleshy root of the carrot is promoted to grow quickly, so that the yield of the carrot is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for growing the ultra-long carrots of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments, features and performance aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers can indicate functionally identical or similar elements. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

A method for planting ultra-long carrots comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a planting container:

s2, determining a matrix and a planting hole:

adding a mixture of river sand and soil into a planting container as a culture medium, wherein the volume ratio of the river sand to the soil is 3:1, the mixture is 5cm away from the upper edge of the opening of the planting container, uniformly punching a plurality of round holes on the culture medium of the planting container by using a puncher to serve as planting holes, filling the planting holes with a mixture of grass carbon and an organic fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the grass carbon to the organic fertilizer is 3:1, the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50%, the content of total nutrients is more than or equal to 8%, pressing a fixing ring into the planting holes, and exposing half of the fixing ring out of the planting holes; the fixing ring has two functions, namely, water can uniformly flow down to the planting holes along the inner wall of the fixing ring during watering; secondly, the plant can play a role in fixing the plant after growing up;

s3, selecting seeds:

selecting a variety with growth potential, and selecting a cylindrical variety with slender fleshy roots;

s4, sowing:

s5, managing the growth period:

the seedling stage is from growing a first true leaf to growing a 5 th to 6 th true leaf, and the seedling stage lasts for 25 days, the relative water content of soil is kept between 65% and 80%, and the temperature is controlled at 21-24 ℃;

the full growth period of the leaves is 30 days from 6 true leaves to 12 true leaves, the relative water content of the soil is controlled between 50 percent and 60 percent, and the reduction of the water is beneficial to the downward growth of the root system to form an ideal long root system;

the fleshy root expansion period is 60 days from 12 true leaves of carrot to harvest, during which the temperature is controlled at 13-25 ℃ and the temperature difference between day and night is 8-12 ℃, uniform irrigation and medium illumination are carried out;

2/5, the period accounts for the whole vegetative growth period, so that the management of fertilizer and water is enhanced, and the development of fleshy roots is promoted;

s6, harvesting:

Preferably, the planting container is a plastic bucket 60cm in diameter.

Preferably, the punch is a PVC pipe 1.3m long and 63mm in diameter, and the front end of the punch is thinned to facilitate downward punching.

Preferably, the retaining ring is 5cm long and 63mm in diameter.

Preferably, the depth of the planting hole is 90cm, and the diameter is 6.3 cm.

Preferably, the number of the planting holes is 6.

Preferably, the fleshy root is in the swelling period, the temperature is controlled to be 15.5-21 ℃, and the color of the fleshy root is better. The color of fleshy root is sensitive to temperature, the fleshy root has poor color at 10-15 ℃, the fleshy root has good color at 15.5-21 ℃, and the fleshy root gradually deteriorates when the temperature is higher than 21 ℃ and deteriorates quality when the temperature is higher than 26 ℃.

The length of the grown extra-long carrot is 80-90 cm, which is 3-5 times of the length of the common carrot.

In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,

a plastic bucket with the diameter of 60cm and the height of 1m is selected as a planting container of the extra-long carrot, and the extra-long carrot is planted by adopting a soilless culture technology in the container.

The substrate in the plastic barrel is a mixture of river sand and garden soil, the volume ratio of the river sand to the garden soil is 3:1, the mixture is uniformly mixed and then is filled in the plastic barrel, and the distance from the upper edge of the opening of the plastic barrel is 5 cm; using a PVC pipe with the length of 1.3m and the diameter of 63mm as a puncher, grinding the front end of the puncher to be thin so as to be beneficial to punching downwards, drilling a circular hole with the depth of 90cm and the diameter of 6.3cm in a cultivation matrix of a plastic barrel by using the puncher as a planting hole, uniformly drilling 6 planting holes in the plastic barrel, filling the matrix mixed with grass carbon and organic fertilizer into the drilled planting holes, and filling the planting holes; cutting a PVC pipe with the diameter of 63mm into a fixing ring with the length of 5cm, pressing the fixing ring into the planting hole, wherein one half of the fixing ring is arranged in the planting hole, and the other half is exposed outside; the fixing ring has two purposes, namely, water can uniformly flow down to the planting holes along the inner wall of the fixing ring during watering; secondly, the plant can be fixed after growing up.

Selecting seeds with slender fleshy roots, watering the planting holes once to be thoroughly watered, sowing with the sowing depth of 2cm, and covering a plastic film on a plastic bucket after sowing to be beneficial to heat preservation and moisture preservation until seedlings emerge.

The growth cycle of carrot is divided into four stages of development stage, seedling stage, leaf growth stage and fleshy root expansion stage.

The germination period is from sowing to cotyledon expanding, and the true leaves are exposed to the heart for about 10-15 days; at this stage, watering is carried out once every 2-3 days for 2-3 times continuously, thus ensuring smooth seedling emergence.

The seedling stage is 25 days from the first true leaves to the 5 th to 6 th true leaves, the water requirement in the seedling stage is small, the water content is moderate, the relative water content of soil is kept between 65% and 80%, and the temperature is controlled at 21-24 ℃.

The full growth period of the leaves is that the plants are from 6 true leaves to 12 true leaves, about 30 days, the overground part of the plants in the period grow rapidly, the leaf area is enlarged rapidly, the photosynthesis is enhanced gradually, the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased, the fleshy roots grow slowly, the water is controlled properly when the plants enter the full growth period of the leaves, the balanced growth of the overground part and the underground part is kept, the supply of rich water in the period is not too much, the condition that the plants are sufficient but not too vigorous is ensured, the relative water content of general soil is controlled between 50% and 60%, the reduction of the rich water is beneficial to the downward growth of the roots, and an ideal long root system is formed.

During the expansion period of the fleshy root, 12 true leaves of the carrot grow until the carrot is harvested, about 60 days. The proper growth temperature of carrot is 13-25 deg.C, the day and night temperature difference is 8-12 deg.C, the fleshy root expands the fastest at 20 deg.C, and the fleshy root has the best color. Carrot has strict requirement on water content, irrigation is uniform, irrigation is prevented from being changed violently, and fleshy roots are easy to crack. The requirement for light is moderate, and the poor light leaves grow badly.

Stopping watering one week before harvesting, removing the fixing ring during harvesting, digging off soil on the root part to expose fleshy root, holding the fleshy root by hand, slightly shaking left and right during the harvesting, pulling out the ultra-long carrot with strength, harvesting the carrot with the length of eight ninety centimeters, and also harvesting mechanically.

The carrot with special growth is placed in a sightseeing garden, so that eyeballs of tourists can be attracted greatly, the unlimited growth potential of plants is highlighted, and the potential of high yield of single plants is fully exerted. Moreover, the cultivated extra-long carrot has high yield, high quality and rich nutrient substances, can be made into delicious dishes after being viewed, has viewing value and edible value, and increases the economic benefit of the carrot.

In conclusion, the invention has the following advantages:

the invention utilizes the unlimited growth characteristic of carrot roots and roots, adopts a soilless culture mode in a container to create a proper growth condition for the carrot roots, cultures common twenty-three centimeters of carrots into eight and ninety centimeters long, exerts the high-yield characteristic of the monomers, adds bright points for sightseeing agriculture, has rich nutrition, has ornamental and edible values and provides possibility for researchers pursuing the yield of a single plant.

The planting method of the ultra-long carrot is not limited by regions, and the carrot with excellent quality can be planted in both southern areas and northern areas.

According to the planting method, during the planting process of the carrots, the mode of soilless culture in the container is adopted for planting, so that water and fertilizer management and pest control are facilitated, the incidence rate of pests is reduced in a specific planting environment, and the cost is saved.

The carrot planted by the method has rich taste and excellent quality, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved by planting the carrot in a container, and the fleshy root of the carrot is promoted to grow quickly, so that the yield of the carrot is greatly improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting ultra-long carrots is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a planting container:

s2, determining a matrix and a planting hole:

s3, selecting seeds:

selecting long cylindrical late-maturing varieties with growth potential;

s4, sowing:

s5, managing the growth period:

the full growth period of the leaves is 30 +/-2 days from 6 true leaves to 12 true leaves of the plants, the relative water content of the soil is controlled between 50 and 60 percent, and the reduction of the water is beneficial to the downward growth of the root system to form an ideal long root system;

s6, harvesting:

stopping watering one week before harvesting, removing the fixing ring during harvesting, digging off soil on the root part to expose fleshy root, holding the fleshy root to pull out the carrot, and completing harvesting;

the planting container is a plastic barrel with the diameter of 60 cm;

the puncher is a PVC pipe with the length of 1.3m and the diameter of 63mm, and the front end of the puncher is ground to be thin so as to facilitate downward punching.

2. The method for growing extra-long carrots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50%, and the content of total nutrients is more than or equal to 8%.

3. The method for growing extra-long carrots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the fixing ring is 5cm, and the diameter of the fixing ring is 63 mm.

4. The method for growing extra-long carrots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the planting hole is 90cm, and the diameter of the planting hole is 6.3 cm.

5. The method for growing extra-long carrots according to claim 4, characterized in that: the number of the planting holes is 6.

6. The method for growing extra-long carrots according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, a cylindrical variety with a slender meat root is selected.

7. The method for growing extra-long carrots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the swelling period of the fleshy root is controlled at 15.5-21 ℃.