CN109126762A - 一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,首先通过水热法制备出TiO2纳米管前体,再加入铈盐溶液和丙三醇,进行CeO2的修饰,最后再在惰性气体的保护下进行干燥,得到CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料。本发明公开的技术方案,在传统的水热法基础上替换反应原料,在用浓碱与TiO2反应后,用弱酸乙酸代替盐酸进行除Na,同时通过控制碱NaOH、弱酸乙酸的浓度,以及浸泡的时间,控制制备得到的TiO2纳米管前体的形貌,并在纳米管表面形成较多结合活性位点,为后续与Ce的结合提供条件。得到的CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料,分散性好,结构均匀,有着优异光催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合材料的制备方法,特别是涉及一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
二氧化钛(TiO2)是一种白色固体或粉末状的两性氧化物,广泛应用于涂料、塑料、造纸、印刷油墨、化纤、橡胶、化妆品等工业。它的熔点很高,也被用来制造耐火玻璃,釉料,珐琅、陶土、耐高温的实验器皿等。
TiO2也是一种宽禁带半导体,其禁带宽度为3.2eV左右,具有优异的物理化学稳定性,因此在光催化领域、太阳能电池领域、传感器元件等领域也都得到了广泛的应用与研究。
随着能源和环境问题的日渐严峻,对于半导体光催化剂的研究越来越多,TiO2纳米管由于廉价、无毒、稳定等优点,被广泛的用于光催化剂领域。
但锐钛矿相TiO2的禁带宽度决定了其仅可吸收紫外光(占太阳光的4%),量子效率低,不能用于实际生产产氢。因此,需要引入其他催化成分提高可见光响应产氢的能力。
公开号为CN103657699A的中国专利申请,提供了一种g-C3N4量子点修饰的TiO2纳米管光催化剂制备方法,产物具有高效光电催化产氢性能。
公开号为CN108149300A的中国专利申请,提供了一种CeO2纳米颗粒/TiO2纳米管阵列复合异质结薄膜的制备方法,但其采用阳极氧化法制备得到TiO2纳米管阵列,且产物为薄膜,成本高,适用范围有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,得到的CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的结构为CeO2附着于TiO2纳米管上,所述复合材料具有高的光催化效果,用于光解水制氢等领域。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取分析纯的TiO2颗粒,加入到12-16mol/L的NaOH溶液中,磁力搅拌0.6-1h,然后装入水热反应釜中,加入量为水热反应釜的三分之二,在150-180℃下水热反应18-36h,反应结束取出产物置于1-4mol/L的乙酸溶液中浸泡30min-1h,同时在300-600rpm的转速下进行缓慢搅拌,浸泡结束抽滤得到抽滤产物;
(2)制备浓度为2-5mol/L的铈盐溶液,向其中加入丙三醇得到混合溶液,并控制丙三醇的浓度为0.2-0.4mol/L,将步骤(1)得到的抽滤产物缓慢加入到所述混合溶液中,同时在100-300rpm的转速下进行缓慢搅拌10-20min,搅拌结束后将得到的产物取出,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替洗涤3-5次;
(3)将步骤(2)的产物惰性气体的保护下,干燥10-20min,即得到CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料。
优选地,步骤(2)中的铈盐溶液铈硝酸铈溶液、氯化铈溶液中的一种或两种。
优选地,步骤(2)中,搅拌的同时维持混合溶液的温度在50-60℃。
优选地,步骤(3)中,干燥是在120-180℃下进行的。
本发明公开的技术方案,通过步骤(1)制备TiO2纳米管前体。考虑到目标产物需要用CeO2进行修饰,为了提高TiO2纳米管上结合位点数量,在传统的水热法基础上替换反应原料,在用浓碱与TiO2反应后,用弱酸乙酸代替盐酸进行除Na,同时通过控制碱NaOH、弱酸乙酸的浓度,以及浸泡的时间,控制制备得到的TiO2纳米管前体的形貌,并在纳米管表面形成较多结合活性位点,为后续与Ce的结合提供条件。发明人也曾尝试用传统的盐酸进行洗涤,但是后续TiO2和Ce的结合程度较差,难以达到所需的CeO2修饰效果,而乙酸则较好的克服了上述问题。
步骤(2)中,在铈盐溶液中加入丙三醇,一方面通过丙三醇与Ce离子的结合作用,加大其与TiO2纳米管前体的结合机会,其次,利用丙三醇与乙酸的作用,顺利除去附着的乙酸。
步骤(3)中,为了避免TiO2纳米管的团聚以及变形,适当提高干燥温度,取代煅烧步骤,得到分散性良好的CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料。
本发明得到的CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料,首先通过控制水热条件得到形貌均一的TiO2纳米管结构前体,长度在400nm以上,管径粗细均匀。用弱酸乙酸取代传统的盐酸进行洗涤除Na、破坏化学键,以及加入丙三醇辅助Ce与TiO2纳米管的结合,得到分散性好、结构均匀,有着优异光催化性能的复合材料。
附图说明
图1是实施例1得到的CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的TEM图。
具体实施方式
以下为本发明的具体实施方式,用以对本发明进行解释和说明。
实施例1
一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取分析纯的TiO2颗粒,加入到12mol/L的NaOH溶液中,磁力搅拌1h,然后装入水热反应釜中,加入量为水热反应釜的三分之二,在180℃下水热反应18h,反应结束取出产物置于3mol/L的乙酸溶液中浸泡45min,同时在600rpm的转速下进行缓慢搅拌,浸泡结束抽滤得到抽滤产物;
(2)制备浓度为5mol/L的硝酸铈溶液,向其中加入丙三醇得到混合溶液,并控制丙三醇的浓度为0.4mol/L,将步骤(1)得到的抽滤产物缓慢加入到所述混合溶液中,同时在300rpm的转速和60℃下进行缓慢搅拌10min,搅拌结束后将得到的产物取出,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替洗涤5次;
(3)将步骤(2)的产物惰性气体的保护下,在120℃下干燥20min,即得到CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料。
图1是得到的CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的TEM图,从图中可以看出,产物的长度在400nm以上,管径粗细均匀,CeO2较为均匀的附着在TiO2纳米管上。
实施例2
一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取分析纯的TiO2颗粒,加入到16mol/L的NaOH溶液中,磁力搅拌0.6h,然后装入水热反应釜中,加入量为水热反应釜的三分之二,在150℃下水热反应36h,反应结束取出产物置于1mol/L的乙酸溶液中浸泡1h,同时在300rpm的转速下进行缓慢搅拌,浸泡结束抽滤得到抽滤产物;
(2)制备浓度为2mol/L的硝酸铈和氯化铈的混合溶液,向其中加入丙三醇得到混合溶液,并控制丙三醇的浓度为0.2mol/L,将步骤(1)得到的抽滤产物缓慢加入到所述混合溶液中,同时在200rpm的转速和50℃下进行缓慢搅拌20min,搅拌结束后将得到的产物取出,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替洗涤3次;
(3)将步骤(2)的产物惰性气体的保护下,于180℃下干燥10min,即得到CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料。
Claims (4)
1.一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取分析纯的TiO2颗粒,加入到12-16mol/L的NaOH溶液中,磁力搅拌0.6-1h,然后装入水热反应釜中,加入量为水热反应釜的三分之二,在150-180℃下水热反应18-36h,反应结束取出产物置于1-4mol/L的乙酸溶液中浸泡30min-1h,同时在300-600rpm的转速下进行缓慢搅拌,浸泡结束抽滤得到抽滤产物;
(2)制备浓度为2-5mol/L的铈盐溶液,向其中加入丙三醇得到混合溶液,并控制丙三醇的浓度为0.2-0.4mol/L,将步骤(1)得到的抽滤产物缓慢加入到所述混合溶液中,同时在100-300rpm的转速下进行缓慢搅拌10-20min,搅拌结束后将得到的产物取出,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替洗涤3-5次;
(3)将步骤(2)的产物惰性气体的保护下,干燥10-20min,即得到CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的铈盐溶液铈硝酸铈溶液、氯化铈溶液中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,搅拌的同时维持混合溶液的温度在50-60℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种CeO2/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,干燥是在120-180℃下进行的。
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