CN109105881A - 一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105881A CN109105881A CN201810936234.5A CN201810936234A CN109105881A CN 109105881 A CN109105881 A CN 109105881A CN 201810936234 A CN201810936234 A CN 201810936234A CN 109105881 A CN109105881 A CN 109105881A
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- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品加工领域,提供一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:避光条件下,将橄榄叶粉碎得到橄榄碎叶;以水浸没所述橄榄碎叶,均质,得到橄榄叶浆;将所述橄榄叶浆在‑16℃以下的温度预冷冻25min以上,真空冷冻干燥,得到橄榄叶粉;所述真空冷冻干燥为:自预冷冻温度起匀速升温至干燥温度干燥20min以上,得到橄榄叶粉;所述干燥温度为15~35℃。本发明在冻干前先对橄榄叶进行粉碎和均质,通过改变粉碎与冷冻干燥的顺序有效的提高了冻干效率,降低冻干时的能耗,从而降低了冷冻干燥成本;本发明对橄榄叶中的总黄酮、橄榄苦苷等有效物质进行有效保留,提高产品复水性,有效地兼顾了橄榄叶粉品质与加工成本的平衡。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工领域,具体涉及一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的进步以及经济的发展,人们对食品的要求越来越高。以保藏为目的传统食品加工技术虽然满足了人们消费各种动植物食品不受季节和地域的限制的愿望,但是传统加工技术所造成的色、香、味、营养成分和天然活性成分的损失,以及过分依赖添加剂而引起的安全性问题,日益被消费者所关注和担忧,特别是消费者对饮食快捷化、方便化的迫切需求,使得干制品的需求量大大增加。
油橄榄是中国传统地方特产,除含有丰富的黄酮类、多酚类、还原糖及钙、磷、铁、维生素等营养成分外,还含有一些如羟基酪醇和橄榄苦苷等多种特殊营养成分。
目前的橄榄叶主要加工方式为烘干,但是烘干会导致橄榄叶中的热敏成分以及其他有效物质大量损失,同时烘干导致的生化结构变化改变了橄榄叶的色泽、风味,限制了橄榄叶干制品的发展。
真空冷冻干燥技术是目前国际上先进的干燥技术,可以有效保存物质的营养成分和天然活性,保持干燥后的产品色泽自然、美观。但是真空冷冻干燥加工方式成本较高,会显著提升橄榄叶粉的加工成本,不适宜工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有橄榄叶粉的加工成本和产品品质无法兼顾的问题,提供了一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法,通过改进真空冷冻干燥条件有效节约能耗,降低成本,制得的橄榄叶粉营养成分含量高、色泽自然、保留了油橄榄原有的风味,复水性好。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)避光条件下,将橄榄叶粉碎至7~16目,得到橄榄碎叶;
(2)以水浸没所述橄榄碎叶,均质,得到橄榄叶浆;
(3)将所述橄榄叶浆在-16℃以下的温度预冷冻25min以上,真空冷冻干燥,得到橄榄叶粉;
所述真空冷冻干燥为:自预冷冻温度起匀速升温至干燥温度干燥20min以上,得到橄榄叶粉;
所述干燥温度为15~35℃。
优选的,所述橄榄叶为2~5月间采集的新鲜橄榄叶。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中的均质时间为3~15min。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,预冷冻时间为25~35min。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,预冷冻温度为-30~-16℃。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,匀速升温速率为3~6℃/h。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,干燥时间为40~80min。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,所述真空冷冻干燥的真空度为100~250mbar。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的技术方案具有以下优点:
本发明提供了一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:避光条件下,将橄榄叶粉碎至7~16目,得到橄榄碎叶;以水浸没所述橄榄碎叶,均质,得到橄榄叶浆;将所述橄榄叶浆在-16℃以下的温度预冷冻25min以上,真空冷冻干燥,得到橄榄叶粉;所述真空冷冻干燥为:自预冷冻温度起匀速升温至干燥温度持续20min以上,得到橄榄叶粉;所述干燥温度为15~35℃。本发明在冻干前先对橄榄叶进行初步粉碎和均质,通过改变物料的粉碎与冷冻干燥顺序,有效的提高了冻干效率,降低冻干时的能耗,从而降低了冷冻干燥成本,有效地兼顾了保留橄榄叶有效成分与加工成本。
对橄榄叶先冻干,此时橄榄叶的结构是完整的,则完整的橄榄叶内部水分只能从管束中逸出;而粉碎后的橄榄叶由于断面层较多,增加了水分快速逸出的通道,使得粉碎后再冻干的时间比直接冻干的工艺时间减少了1.5~2.5h。即,本发明提供的方法通过调整粉碎与冻干步骤顺序有效地节约冻干时间,进而减少能耗,降低成本。
利用本发明提供的制备方法所得橄榄叶粉中,营养成分以及生物活性成分得到最大限度的保留,橄榄叶中的营养成分比如总多酚、总黄酮、总多糖以及橄榄苦干等在水中的溶解率相比于烘干方式有显著增高。
本发明的制备过程中保持橄榄叶的生物结构不变,尤其是对热敏性和易氧化物质有良好保护,损失较少。
本发明所述方法制备得到的橄榄叶粉的复水性相对于烘干或阴干方式得到的橄榄叶粉有显著提高,显著提高了橄榄叶粉的品质,可作为相关医疗或保健品的优良原料。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的冻干橄榄叶粉的色谱图;
图2为对比例1制备得到的烘干橄榄叶粉的色谱图;
图3为图1和图2的比较图;
图4为总黄酮测定的标准曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)避光条件下,将橄榄叶粉碎至7~16目,得到橄榄碎叶;
(2)以水浸没所述橄榄碎叶,均质,得到橄榄叶浆;
(3)将所述橄榄叶浆在-16℃以下的温度预冷冻25min以上,真空冷冻干燥,得到橄榄叶粉;
所述真空冷冻干燥为:自预冷冻温度起匀速升温至干燥温度干燥20min以上,得到橄榄叶粉;
所述干燥温度为15~35℃。
本发明优选的选择以新鲜橄榄叶为原料,所述新鲜橄榄叶为每年2~5月份采摘的橄榄叶,更优选为4月份采集的新鲜橄榄叶为制备原料。本发明采用的橄榄叶不包括橄榄叶嫩叶,其中的有效成分较少,不适宜作为制备原料。
本发明在避光条件下,将橄榄叶粉碎至7~16目,得到橄榄碎叶。避光条件下粉碎可以防止橄榄叶中的光敏物质见光分解,降低有效物质损失。
在本发明中,所述橄榄叶的粉碎粒度优选为8~12目,更优选为10目。本发明在冷冻干燥前对橄榄叶粉碎的目的有二,其一,粉碎后的橄榄叶更易干燥,能够有效降低真空冷冻干燥成本,降低能耗;其二,防止返潮现象或包装困难,常规的真空冷冻干燥处理时是在冷冻干燥后再进行粉碎,粉碎时容易发生返潮现象或包装困难,降低橄榄叶粉的品质。
得到橄榄碎叶后,本发明以水浸没橄榄碎叶,均质,得到橄榄叶浆。本发明以水浸没橄榄碎叶是为了防止橄榄碎叶粘附在均质装置上,本发明对用于浸没橄榄碎叶的水用量无特殊限定,只要能够浸没橄榄碎叶即可。
在本发明中,所述均质时间优选为3~15min,更优选为10min。
本发明对橄榄碎叶均质的目的是为了进一步粉碎,从而更进一步降低真空冷冻能耗,节约成本。
得到橄榄叶浆后,本发明将橄榄叶浆降温至-16℃以下,在-16℃以下预冷冻25min以上。预冷冻结束后,将经过预冷冻的橄榄叶浆匀速升温至15~35℃,在15~35℃下干燥20min,得到橄榄叶粉。
在本发明中,所述预冷冻时间优选为25~35min,该预冷冻时间自橄榄叶浆降低至预冷冻温度时起计算。在本发明中,所述预冷冻温度优选为-30~-16℃,更优选为-25~-20℃。本发明进行预冷冻的目的是为了使橄榄叶浆先达到共晶点(-25℃)附近,即-16℃以下。
在本发明中,所述自预冷冻温度起匀速升温的升温速率优选为3~6℃/h,更优选为5℃/h,在匀速升温过程是为了去除橄榄叶中的游离水。在本发明中,所述匀速升温优选的从-25℃升温至20℃。
本发明在匀速升温至15~35℃后,保持15~35℃进行干燥,所述干燥时间优选为40~80min,更优选为60min;所述干燥温度优选为20℃。干燥阶段用于去除橄榄叶中的结晶水,为真空冷冻干燥的关键步骤。
在本发明中,所述真空冷冻干燥时的真空度优选为150~250mbar,更优选为200mbar。
本发明对橄榄叶浆的真空冷冻干燥时间,自预冷冻开始至干燥结束大约需要10~16h,冷冻干燥时间较短,干燥时的能耗相对于常规方法较低,真空冷冻干燥后即可得到橄榄叶粉,不会发生返潮现象。
本发明在得到橄榄叶粉后,将橄榄叶粉直接包装、密封,在避光干燥的环境下保存。
经检测,本发明制备得到的橄榄叶粉粒度为60目左右,含水率在1.8~4.2%之间。本发明所述方法制备得到的橄榄叶粉中橄榄苦苷含量在3800mg/kg左右,总黄酮含量可达到22~23mg/g,复水性在76~78%。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
1、原料:选用陇南地区具有"地理标志产品保护"的新鲜橄榄叶(4月采摘)作为原料,橄榄叶中农业残留符合相关卫生标准。
2、除杂:清除橄榄叶中枯萎、发黄以及烂叶后,用水清洗干净后待用。
3、粉碎:洗干净后的橄榄叶使用粉碎机粉碎至12目,得到橄榄碎叶。
4、均质:将橄榄碎叶置于高速均质机中,并加入少量水浸没橄榄碎叶,均质10min,得到橄榄叶浆。
5、预冷冻阶段:打开真空冷冻干燥机,对隔板温度进行预冻,待隔板温度下降至-10℃时,将橄榄叶浆放置于隔板上,关闭仪器真空冷冻舱门,并将继续下降至-25℃,耗时约30min。待橄榄叶浆的温度降低至-25℃时,保持20min。
6、真空冷冻干燥阶段:预冷冻结束后,橄榄叶浆完全冷冻为固体状态,然后打开真空泵对物料舱抽真空,待真空度达到200mbar时,开始对冷凝舱抽真空,然后再对隔板进行线性供能,以每小时5℃的速度升高至20℃,以去除物料中的游离水。物料舱体和冷凝舱体的真空度保持在150mbar。冷凝舱体的温度设置为-80℃。9小时完成冻干,升华完成。最后,将隔板温度保持在30℃30min,然后结束冻干过程,此时,橄榄叶浆成为橄榄叶粉,含水率为4.0%。
7、待冻干完成后,取出橄榄叶粉,经40~400目筛测定粒度,确定橄榄叶粉粒度为60目。
8、得到的橄榄叶粉立即充氮或抽真空、密封、避光保存在干燥环境中。
实施例2
1、原料:选用陇南地区具有"地理标志产品保护"的新鲜橄榄叶(3月采摘)作为原料,橄榄叶中农业残留符合相关卫生标准。
2、除杂:清除橄榄叶中枯萎、发黄以及烂叶后,用水清洗干净后待用。
3、粉碎:洗干净后的橄榄叶使用粉碎机粉碎至16目,得到橄榄碎叶。
4、均质:将橄榄碎叶置于高速均质机中,并加入少量水浸没橄榄碎叶,均质12min,得到橄榄叶浆。
5、预冷冻阶段:打开真空冷冻干燥机,对隔板温度进行预冻,待隔板温度下降至-10℃时,将橄榄叶浆放置于隔板上,关闭仪器真空冷冻舱门,并将继续下降至-30℃,耗时约30min。待橄榄叶浆的温度降低至-30℃时,保持30min。
6、真空冷冻干燥阶段:预冷冻结束后,橄榄叶浆完全冷冻为固体状态,然后打开真空泵对物料舱抽真空,待真空度达到180mbar时,开始对冷凝舱抽真空,然后再对隔板进行线性供能,以每小时6℃的速度升高至24℃,以去除物料中的游离水。物料舱体和冷凝舱体的真空度保持在150mbar。冷凝舱体的温度设置为-80℃。9小时完成冻干,升华完成。最后,将隔板温度保持在26℃60min,然后结束冻干过程,此时,橄榄叶浆成为橄榄叶粉,含水率为3.7%。
7、待冻干完成后,取出橄榄叶粉,经40~400目筛测定粒度,确定橄榄叶粉粒度为60目。
8、得到的橄榄叶粉立即充氮或抽真空、密封、避光保存在干燥环境中。
实施例3
1、原料:选用陇南地区具有"地理标志产品保护"的新鲜橄榄叶(5月采摘)作为原料,橄榄叶中农业残留符合相关卫生标准。
2、除杂:清除橄榄叶中枯萎、发黄以及烂叶后,用水清洗干净后待用。
3、粉碎:洗干净后的橄榄叶使用粉碎机粉碎至7目,得到橄榄碎叶。
4、均质:将橄榄碎叶置于高速均质机中,并加入少量水浸没橄榄碎叶,均质6min,得到橄榄叶浆。
5、预冷冻阶段:打开真空冷冻干燥机,对隔板温度进行预冻,待隔板温度下降至-10℃时,将橄榄叶浆放置于隔板上,关闭仪器真空冷冻舱门,并将继续下降至-16℃,耗时约28min。待橄榄叶浆的温度降低至-16℃时,保持10min。
6、真空冷冻干燥阶段:预冷冻结束后,橄榄叶浆完全冷冻为固体状态,然后打开真空泵对物料舱抽真空,待真空度达到250mbar时,开始对冷凝舱抽真空,然后再对隔板进行线性供能,以每小时4℃的速度升高至20℃,以去除物料中的游离水。物料舱体和冷凝舱体的真空度保持在200mbar。冷凝舱体的温度设置为-80℃。10小时完成冻干,升华完成。最后,将隔板温度保持在30℃45min,然后结束冻干过程,此时,橄榄叶浆成为橄榄叶粉,含水率为3.7%。
7、待冻干完成后,取出橄榄叶粉,经40~400目筛测定粒度,确定橄榄叶粉粒度为60目。
8、得到的橄榄叶粉立即充氮或抽真空、密封、避光保存在干燥环境中。
对比例1
烘干橄榄叶粉的制备:准确称取橄榄叶50g,均匀的铺平于盘中,放入烘箱内在温度为70-85℃下烘干12小时,得到橄榄叶粉,此时橄榄叶粉的水分含量4.0%以下。
实施例4
本次试验对冻干橄榄叶粉和烘干橄榄叶粉的有效物质含量进行对比。
分别取实施例1和对比例1制备的橄榄叶粉进行超高效液相色谱检测,准确称取实施例1和对比例1得到的橄榄叶粉各1.0g,分别采用20mL体积分数为80%的甲醇-水溶液作为提取溶剂,在60℃下提取40min,然后取1.5mL提取液过0.22μm膜,收集滤液进行UPLC分析,测定其中的橄榄苦苷含量。以橄榄苦苷含量为指标对烘干得到的橄榄叶粉和本发明所述方法得到的橄榄叶粉有效物质含量进行比较。
供试液的制备:分别准确称取冻干和烘干的橄榄叶粉各1.0g,分别采用20mL体积分数为80%的甲醇-水溶液作为提取溶剂,在60℃下提取40min,10000r/min离心5.0min,然后取上清液待用。
色谱柱:BEH C18(2.1×50mm,1.7μm);检测波长:280nm;进样量:2.0μL;流动相A为0.1%(v/v)甲酸甲醇,流动相B为0.1%(v/v)甲酸水,梯度洗脱,洗脱程序见下表1;在此条件下,橄榄苦苷出峰时间为11.02min。
表1超高效液相色谱的梯度洗脱程序
超高效液相色谱检测结果如图1、2所示,图1为实施例1制备得到的冻干橄榄叶粉的色谱图,图2为对比例1制备得到的烘干橄榄叶粉的色谱图。
为了更为直观的进行对比,将图1和图2两个色谱图进行叠加,得到图3,其中黑色为冻干橄榄叶粉的色谱图,非黑色(蓝色)为烘干橄榄叶粉的色谱图。由图3可以看出,冻干橄榄叶粉中的有效成分含量明显高于烘干橄榄叶粉。
以橄榄苦苷计,冻干橄榄叶粉中橄榄苦苷的含量为3800mg/kg,烘干橄榄叶粉中橄榄苦苷的含量为2600mg/kg。表明本发明提供的制备方法能够有效保留橄榄叶中的有效成分,提高最终制备的橄榄叶粉中活性成分含量。
实施例5
本次试验对本发明制备得到的橄榄叶粉复水性进行检验。
分别取实施例1制备得到的橄榄叶粉或对比例1制备得到的橄榄叶粉1g,与20ml蒸馏水混合,25℃下静置1h,以10000r/min速率离心25min,固液分离,所得固体部分质量即为复水后质量。复水性按照如下公式计算:
其中,M1为橄榄叶粉复水前质量,M2为橄榄叶粉复水后质量。
结果如表2所示:
表2不同制备方法得到的橄榄叶粉的复水性能
由表2可以看出,实施例2制备得到的橄榄叶粉(冻干橄榄叶粉)复水性显著优于对比例1制备得到的橄榄叶粉(烘干橄榄叶粉),表明本发明提供的制备方法能够有效提高橄榄叶粉的复水性,即提高橄榄叶粉的品质。
实施例6
本次试验对本发明制备的橄榄叶粉中总黄酮含量进行测定。
总黄酮的测定方法:
提取:将实施例1或对比例1制备得到的橄榄叶粉与体积分数80%的甲醇按照料液比1:16(g:mL)混合,超声30min进行总黄酮提取,得到总黄酮提取液,备用。
测定:准确称取经105℃干燥至恒重的芦丁20mg,用80%甲醇定容至200mL得0.1mg/mL的标准储备液。准确吸取标准液0.0、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0mL于10mL离心管中,加体积分数的30%乙醇溶液至5.0mL,再加5%NaNO2溶液0.3mL,摇匀放置6min后,加10%AlCl3溶液0.3mL并摇匀,放置6min后加入1mol/LNaOH溶液4.0mL并加水定容至10mL,放置15min后以蒸馏水做空白参比,于波长510nm处测其吸光度。以芦丁质量浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,做总黄酮标准曲线,绘制的总黄酮标准曲线如图4所示。。取适量待测液,用上述方法测定。计算公式如下:
式中:W:总黄酮质量浓度,mg/mL;
C:定容至10mL样液的浓度,μg/mL;
N:样品提取时的稀释倍数;
V:测定样品时所取体积,mL。
结果:
分别取实施例1和对比例1制备的橄榄叶粉制备的总黄酮提取液0.4mL,根据上述实验步骤进行分析测定(平行测定三次),并根据公式计算得橄榄叶粉中的总黄酮含量,如表3所示。
表3不同方法制备的橄榄叶粉中总黄酮含量
由表3数据可以看出,本发明所述方法制备得到的橄榄叶粉中总黄酮含量更高,相对于传统烘干方式而言保留了更多的有效成分。
综上所述,可以看出,本发明提供的真空冷冻干燥方法所得的橄榄叶粉复水性更好,有效物质保留更多,能够作为纯度更高的橄榄叶粉原料使用。同时,本发明提供的制备方法通过调整粉碎和真空冷冻干燥顺序,有效的避免了返潮现象,并降低了冻干能耗,即制备成本。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种橄榄叶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)避光条件下,将橄榄叶粉碎至7~16目,得到橄榄碎叶;
(2)以水浸没所述橄榄碎叶,均质,得到橄榄叶浆;
(3)将所述橄榄叶浆在-16℃以下的温度预冷冻25min以上,真空冷冻干燥,得到橄榄叶粉;
所述真空冷冻干燥为:自预冷冻温度起匀速升温至干燥温度干燥20min以上,得到橄榄叶粉;
所述干燥温度为15~35℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述橄榄叶为2~5月间采集的新鲜橄榄叶。
3.根据权利要求1所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的均质时间为3~15min。
4.根据权利要求1所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,预冷冻时间为25~35min。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,预冷冻温度为-30~-16℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,匀速升温速率为3~6℃/h。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,干燥时间为40~80min。
8.根据权利要求1所述橄榄叶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述真空冷冻干燥的真空度为100~250mbar。
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CN112617149A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北金贵中药饮片有限公司 | 一种冻干枸杞的制备方法 |
CN112641089A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 湖北金贵中药饮片有限公司 | 一种即食天麻含片的制备方法 |
CN113057303A (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-02 | 浙江省农业科学院 | 一种豆腐柴叶干粉的制作方法及应用 |
CN114403435B (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-09-19 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | 一种斑斓粉的制备方法及其应用 |
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CN1237356A (zh) * | 1999-03-20 | 1999-12-08 | 孙景文 | 橄榄叶系列制品及其生产工艺 |
KR20050116357A (ko) * | 2005-11-25 | 2005-12-12 | 전영수 | 올리브 잎을 이용한 국수의 제조방법 |
CN103504300A (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-15 | 甘肃省检验检疫科学技术研究院 | 真空冷冻干燥玫瑰花浆粉的制备方法 |
CN104605110A (zh) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-13 | 彭常安 | 山莴苣固体茶含片的制备方法 |
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CN1237356A (zh) * | 1999-03-20 | 1999-12-08 | 孙景文 | 橄榄叶系列制品及其生产工艺 |
KR20050116357A (ko) * | 2005-11-25 | 2005-12-12 | 전영수 | 올리브 잎을 이용한 국수의 제조방법 |
CN103504300A (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-15 | 甘肃省检验检疫科学技术研究院 | 真空冷冻干燥玫瑰花浆粉的制备方法 |
CN104605110A (zh) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-13 | 彭常安 | 山莴苣固体茶含片的制备方法 |
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EP4299068A1 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-03 | Robertet S.A. | Method for obtaining an enriched oleacein extract from olive leaves |
WO2024002960A1 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-04 | Robertet S.A. | Method for obtaining an enriched oleacein extract from olive leaves |
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