CN109076894A - It is a kind of cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed sprout and the efficient implantation methods of seedling - Google Patents
It is a kind of cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed sprout and the efficient implantation methods of seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN109076894A CN109076894A CN201811109090.2A CN201811109090A CN109076894A CN 109076894 A CN109076894 A CN 109076894A CN 201811109090 A CN201811109090 A CN 201811109090A CN 109076894 A CN109076894 A CN 109076894A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
A kind of cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, and the invention belongs to the cultivation production field of wetland plant, it is in order to solve the problems, such as that cold area's Gorgon fruit seed germination rate is low, speed of germinating is slow, seedling percent, field planting are difficult.The implantation methods: one, initial point selection and preservation；Two, GA is sprayed after seed disinfection3Solution refrigerates 5~7 days at 2~4 DEG C；Three, using the alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of waterflooding-not waterflooding-waterflooding again, culture is until seed is sprouted；Four, Gorgon fruit seedling replanting is into natural wetland；Five, seedling management.Flooding condition saves under natural environment of the present invention, helps to maintain seed vitality, by the methods of physics broken shell, chemical vernalization and dry wet alternating environment variation combination, breaks seed dormancy rapidly, hence it is evident that improve germination rate, reach 92.3%；Shallow-water environment cultivation is carried out to seedling, is conducive to growth of seedling, is then oriented transplanting, improve the survival rate of seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation production fields of wetland plant, and in particular to it is a kind of cold area's Gorgon fruit seed sprout and seedling
Efficient implantation methods.
Background technique
Gorgon fruit, alias Gorgon fruit, chicken head lotus, Ci Lian are 1 year aquatic herbaceous plant of Nymphaeceae, with white fibrous root and not
Apparent stem, acrospire are submerged leaf, jagged in flechette-type or oval kidney shape；Secondary leave is leaf of swimming, and leaf keratin of swimming is ellipse
Circle kidney shape is to circle, and petiole is longer, cylindric, hollow and thorniness, leaf surface majority protuberance, next part anger capsule；Flower Dan Sheng exists
Bennet top, sepal lanceolar, petal majority are aubergine, and seed is spherical, the month at florescence 7-8, the fruiting period 8-9 month.Gorgon fruit is medicine food
The water plant of dual-purpose.
Gorgon fruit nutritive value abundant and medical value provide bright prospects for the popularizing planting of Gorgon fruit, in recent years, with
Increase of the market to Gorgon fruit demand, economic benefit it is soaring, artificial growth Gorgon fruit area is increasing.However at present at me
State's Gorgon fruit artificial growth is distributed mainly on the south the Yellow River, especially in the wetland of the Yangtze river basin and Pearl River Delta.Northern cold ground
Area often has that Gorgon fruit seed germination evening, growth of seedling speed is slow, survival rate is low because of the influence of the factors such as weather；In addition it grows
Season is partially short, therefore less in northern artificial growth area, and yield is not high.How northern cold cold-zone wetland improves the sprouting of Gorgon fruit seed
Rate improves seedling percent and the speed of growth, is a great problem that current Gorgon fruit is efficiently planted.
The method cultivated or planted about Gorgon fruit domestic at present, is concentrated mainly on southern area, also lacks and be directed to the north
The method of cold district, the present invention are mainly innovated from nursery, transplantation technique and hydrologic management, for the big rule of cold area's Gorgon fruit
Mould promotes demonstration and provides technical support.
Summary of the invention
Cold area's Gorgon fruit seed germination rate is low, speed of germinating is slow, seedling percent, is colonized difficulty in order to solve by the present invention
Problem, and provide a kind of cold area's Gorgon fruit seed and sprout and the efficient implantation methods of seedling.
Cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed of the invention is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling are realized according to the following steps:
One, initial point selection and preservation: acquiring mature Gorgon fruit fruit, eluriates completely after then removing aril, is packed into gauze bag
Immersion is saved in natural wetland water body (river, lake, marsh etc.) to be saved naturally, obtains Gorgon fruit seed；
Two, seed treatment: Gorgon fruit seed is taken out from the gauze bag in wetland water body, clean with aseptic water washing, then is put
Enter and carry out soaking disinfection in liquor potassic permanganate, rupture and plant skin at Gorgon fruit germination hole, Gorgon fruit seed after rupture kind skin is used
Sterile water wash is multiple, the GA for being 0.1%~0.2% by mass fraction3Solution is uniformly sprayed on Gorgon fruit seed, at 2~4 DEG C
Lower refrigeration 5~7 days, the Gorgon fruit seed that obtains that treated；
Three, germination treatment: by step 2 treated Gorgon fruit seed is put into germination bed container, using waterflooding-not waterflooding-
The alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of waterflooding again, each period of alternate mode culture are that 3~5 are first cultivated under room temperature flooding condition
It, then cultivates under 3~5 days, then room temperature flooding condition under room temperature not flooding condition (germinating bed surface does not have water body) and cultivates 3
~5 days, the culture of alternation of wetting and drying mode was sprouted up to seed, is cultivated under waterflooding environment, until 4~5 leaves of growth of seedling, is obtained Gorgon euryale
Real seedling；
Four, seedling replanting: taking Gorgon fruit seedling from germinating bed, and the attached soil of the root of Gorgon fruit seedling is dug out, by gordon euryale root, kind shell with
The attached soil of root is compacted into cylindricality, obtains the Gorgon fruit seedling with earth pillar, and pressure pricks out hole on natural wetland to be transplanted, with soil
In the Gorgon fruit seedling insertion hole of column, seedling replanting is completed in compacting field planting；
Five, seedling management: after transplanting, removing Gorgon fruit plant body periphery water plant in early growth period, after gordon euryale leaf is bubbled through the water column,
Complete the plantation of Gorgon fruit seedling.
It is practical raw according to cold area the present invention provides a kind of cold area's Gorgon fruit seed sprouting and the efficient implantation methods of seedling
State condition, and the biological property of Gorgon fruit seed is combined, flooding condition saves under natural wetland environment, and it is living to help to maintain seed
Power；Gorgon fruit seed, can by winter low temperature refrigeration, germination prohormone and mechanical treatment and germination period alternation of wetting and drying circulation change
Make the rapid breaking dormancy state of seed, shorten sprout time, hence it is evident that improves germination rate, reach 92.3%；Shallow water is carried out to seedling
Environment cultivation, matrix are that transplanting site soil is best, can significantly improve Gorgon fruit seedling to local environmental suitability, it is raw to be conducive to seedling
It is long, it is then oriented transplanting, is conducive to the survival rate of seedling；The cylinder of gordon euryale root, kind shell and the attached soil rubbing of root when transplanting
Earth pillar has ensured part nutrient supply, is conducive to shorten transplanting seedling time；Whole plantation clear process, easy to operate, practicability
By force, high survival rate reaches 90%.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment cold area wetland Gorgon fruit seed sprout and the efficient implantation methods of seedling press with
Lower step is implemented:
One, initial point selection and preservation: acquiring mature Gorgon fruit fruit, eluriates completely after then removing aril, is packed into gauze bag
Immersion is saved in natural wetland water body (river, lake, marsh etc.) to be saved naturally, obtains Gorgon fruit seed；
Two, seed treatment: next year takes out Gorgon fruit seed from the gauze bag in wetland water body, clean with aseptic water washing,
It places into and carries out soaking disinfection in liquor potassic permanganate, rupture and plant skin at Gorgon fruit germination hole, by Gorgon fruit kind after rupture kind skin
Son sterile water wash is multiple, the GA for being 0.1%~0.2% by mass fraction3Solution is uniformly sprayed on Gorgon fruit seed, 2
It is refrigerated 5~7 days at~4 DEG C, the Gorgon fruit seed that obtains that treated；
Three, germination treatment: by step 2 treated Gorgon fruit seed is put into germination bed container, using waterflooding-not waterflooding-
The alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of waterflooding again, each period of alternate mode culture are that 3~5 are first cultivated under room temperature flooding condition
It, then cultivates under 3~5 days, then room temperature flooding condition under room temperature not flooding condition (germinating bed surface does not have water body) and cultivates 3
~5 days, the culture of alternation of wetting and drying mode was sprouted up to seed, is cultivated under waterflooding environment, until 4~5 leaves of growth of seedling, is obtained Gorgon euryale
Real seedling；
Four, seedling replanting: taking Gorgon fruit seedling from germinating bed, and the attached soil of the root of Gorgon fruit seedling is dug out, by gordon euryale root, kind shell with
The attached soil of root is compacted into cylindricality, obtains the Gorgon fruit seedling with earth pillar, and pressure pricks out hole on natural wetland to be transplanted, with soil
In the Gorgon fruit seedling insertion hole of column, seedling replanting is completed in compacting field planting；
Five, seedling management: after transplanting, removing Gorgon fruit plant body periphery water plant in early growth period, after gordon euryale leaf is bubbled through the water column,
Complete the plantation of Gorgon fruit seedling.
The mark of present embodiment step 1 Gorgon fruit fruit maturation is that blade all voluntarily rots, the Gorgon euryale head floating water surface.Step
Cryopreservation, mechanical treatment and hormone adding purpose are to accelerate Gorgon fruit seed breaking dormancy in two, promote to sprout.It is done in step 3
The selection of wet alternate circulation pattern should it is specific according to the actual situation depending on, such as the temperature high period, Submergence time should be grown, when temperature is low
Section, Submergence time can not increase moderately；Container for plant growth ensures to be that young shoot excessively provides enough growth skies to seedling in this step
Between, while culture substrate (to transplanting site soil) volume adequacy, and can be developed for Gorgon fruit seed growth and indispensable nutrients is provided
Matter enhances transplanting site environmental suitability.
It can be swung to the transplanting of step 4 Gorgon fruit for natural lake, stream, marsh, can also be artificial swag.Natural transplanting ground needs
It carries out weeds and removes work, artificial swag need to ensure water recharging.Period looks into fill a vacancy and leaks seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings in time.Transplanted seedling density
For every 1.5m21 plant.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that mature Gorgon fruit fruit in step 1
Acquisition time be by the end of September~10 month at the beginning of.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that step 2 by the end of April~5
The beginning of the month takes out Gorgon fruit seed from the gauze bag in wetland water body.
Specific embodiment 4: Gao Meng in step 2 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three
The mass percentage of sour potassium solution is 1%.
Specific embodiment 5: step 2 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four use it is oblique
Brank abolishes kind skin at Gorgon fruit germination hole.
Specific embodiment 6: step 3 waterflooding-unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five
Each period of the not waterflooding-alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of waterflooding again is first to cultivate 3 days under room temperature flooding condition, then exists
Room temperature is not cultivated under flooding condition and is cultivated 3 days under 3 days, then room temperature flooding condition, and an alternation of wetting and drying period is completed.
Guarantee that water floods seed completely when present embodiment waterflooding, germinating bed surface does not have water body when not waterflooding.
Specific embodiment 7: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six described in step 3
Germinating bed be soil matrix.
Specific embodiment 8: present embodiment soil matrix described unlike specific embodiment seven is step
Four natural wetland soil to be transplanted.
Specific embodiment 9: step 4 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight waits transplanting
Natural wetland the depth of water be 40~50cm.
Specific embodiment 10: being grown in step 5 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine
The time at initial stage is 20~30 days.
Embodiment: the present embodiment cold area wetland Gorgon fruit seed is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling are real according to the following steps
It applies:
This test is in Changchun City Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sc compbined test station wetland
It is carried out in Control experiment greenhouse and northern lake National Urban Wetland Park in Zhejiang wetland.
One, initial point selection and preservation: mature Gorgon fruit fruit is acquired in song-Nen plain Momoge marsh on September 25th, 2017
(1656 mature seeds) selects seed that is uniform in size, enriching rounding, no disease and pests harm, eliminates immature, lesser and not
Then full seed removes and eluriates after aril clean, is fitted into gauze bag and soaks to be saved in natural wetland water body and protect naturally
It deposits, black earth is covered on the surface of the seed, water temperature is 3 DEG C, obtains Gorgon fruit seed；
Two, seed treatment: on May 5th, 2018 takes out Gorgon fruit seed from the gauze bag in wetland water body, is rushed with sterile water
Wash clean is placed into the liquor potassic permanganate that mass percentage is 1% and is carried out soaking disinfection 2 hours, then with 25 DEG C of water
Wash, removal solution residual, using planting skin at diagonal cutting pliers rupture Gorgon fruit germination hole, will after rupture kind of skin Gorgon fruit seed with sterile
Water cleaning is multiple, the GA for being 0.1% by mass fraction3Solution is uniformly sprayed on Gorgon fruit seed, is put into 3 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages 7 days,
The Gorgon fruit seed that obtains that treated；
Three, germination treatment: by step 2 treated Gorgon fruit seed plantation to nursery bucket, the material of nursery bucket is hard
Plastics, the high 45cm diameter 30cm of bucket, the built-in black earth 20cm of bucket is deep, is filled the water using natural wetland water into bucket, until soil moisture mistake
Saturation；The shallow embedding of Gorgon fruit seed is in native surface layer, buried depth 1cm, 2 every barrel, with spacing 10cm；
Using the alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of waterflooding-not waterflooding-waterflooding again, each period of alternate mode culture is first to exist
It cultivates under room temperature flooding condition 3 days, is then cultivated 3 days under room temperature not flooding condition, then waterflooding is in room temperature not flooding condition
Lower culture 3 days, the culture of alternation of wetting and drying mode are cultivated under waterflooding environment until seed is sprouted, and start period, and when waterflooding infuses along bucket wall
Water, depth of water 2cm；When not waterflooding, surface water is extracted out using pumping device, water level depth, May hereafter is gradually increased with Gorgon fruit growth
Observe within 25th that flechette-type leaf occur is rounded leaf phenomenon, obtains Gorgon fruit seedling；
Four, seedling replanting: June 10, Gorgon fruit go out 4~5 leaves, and plant height is long to be transplanted to 10~15cm, and Gorgon fruit is transplanted
Ground is area 1.25hm in the southern bubble marsh of northern lake National Urban Wetland Park in Zhejiang bridge2, after the water in nursery bucket is discharged, to prevent
Blade is damaged during taking, a hand need to gently help gordon euryale leaf, and using Gorgon fruit seedling as the center of circle, 4~5cm is another hand
Radius is vertical to be taken, and even root band kind shell is dug out together, by root, kind shell and the attached soil rubbing of root at cylindrical earth pillar, as far as possible will
Fibrous root package is tight, is put into rectangle plastic pallet in case transplanting, before transplanting, removes weeds in transplanting ground water, to ensure Gorgon fruit
Possess enough growing spaces, diameter is used to prick hole in transplanting for the stainless steel tapered solid stick of 6cm, it then will be cylindrical
Earth pillar is integrally inserted into hole, and insertion depth is flushed with seedling soil top to be advisable, two-way to jam on, be exposed at the top of lobus cardiacus transplanting hole with
During which upper position is looked into fill a vacancy and leaks seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings in time, seedling replanting is completed；
Five, after transplanting, Gorgon fruit plant body periphery water plant, 15~20 days Gorgon fruit natures seedling management: are removed in early growth period
Growth, gordon euryale leaf is bubbled through the water column within 30 days or so, that is, completes the plantation of Gorgon fruit seedling.
The following table 1 is the relative growth index of different growing stage after Gorgon fruit seedling and transplanting.
1 Gorgon fruit growth phase index of correlation of table
Claims (10)
1. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that this method is to follow these steps reality
It is existing:
One, initial point selection and preservation: acquiring mature Gorgon fruit fruit, eluriates completely after then removing aril, is packed into the immersion of gauze bag
It is saved in natural wetland water body and saves naturally, obtain Gorgon fruit seed；
Two, seed treatment: Gorgon fruit seed is taken out from the gauze bag in wetland water body, clean with aseptic water washing, places into height
Carry out soaking disinfection in potassium manganate solution, rupture and plant skin at Gorgon fruit germination hole, will after rupture kind skin Gorgon fruit seed with sterile
Water cleaning is multiple, the GA for being 0.1%~0.2% by mass fraction3Solution is uniformly sprayed on Gorgon fruit seed, cold at 2~4 DEG C
5~7 days, hiding, the Gorgon fruit seed that obtains that treated；
Three, it germination treatment: by step 2 treated Gorgon fruit seed is put into germination bed container, is flooded again using waterflooding-not waterflooding-
The alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of water, each period of alternate mode culture are first to cultivate 3~5 days under room temperature flooding condition, so
It cultivates under room temperature not flooding condition and is cultivated 3~5 days under 3~5 days, then room temperature flooding condition afterwards, alternation of wetting and drying mode culture is straight
It is sprouted to seed, is cultivated under waterflooding environment, until 4~5 leaves of growth of seedling, obtain Gorgon fruit seedling；
Four, seedling replanting: taking Gorgon fruit seedling from germinating bed, and the attached soil of the root of Gorgon fruit seedling is dug out, and gordon euryale root, kind shell and root is attached
Soil is compacted into cylindricality, obtains the Gorgon fruit seedling with earth pillar, and pressure pricks out hole on natural wetland to be transplanted, with earth pillar
Gorgon fruit seedling is inserted into hole, and seedling replanting is completed in compacting field planting；
Five, seedling management: after transplanting, Gorgon fruit plant body periphery water plant is removed in early growth period, after gordon euryale leaf is bubbled through the water column, is completed
The plantation of Gorgon fruit seedling.
2. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
At the beginning of the acquisition time of mature Gorgon fruit fruit is by the end of September~10 month in step 1.
3. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
Step 2 by the end of April~at the beginning of 5 months by Gorgon fruit seed from wetland water body gauze bag take out.
4. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
The mass percentage of liquor potassic permanganate is 1% in step 2.
5. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
Step 2 abolishes kind skin at Gorgon fruit germination hole using diagonal cutting pliers.
6. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
Each period of the step 3 waterflooding-not waterflooding-alternation of wetting and drying mode culture of waterflooding again is first to cultivate under room temperature flooding condition
It 3 days, then cultivates under room temperature not flooding condition and is cultivated 3 days under 3 days, then room temperature flooding condition, complete an alternation of wetting and drying week
Phase.
7. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
Germinating bed described in step 3 is soil matrix.
8. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 7 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
The soil matrix is step 4 natural wetland soil to be transplanted.
9. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
The depth of water of step 4 natural wetland to be transplanted is 40~50cm.
10. cold area's wetland Gorgon fruit seed according to claim 1 is sprouted and the efficient implantation methods of seedling, it is characterised in that
The time of early growth period described in step 5 is 20~30 days.
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