CN114766339B

CN114766339B - Cultivation method of Tibetan meridian

Info

Publication number: CN114766339B
Application number: CN202210457694.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王书妹; 曾秀丽; 李媛蓉; 德吉拉姆; 梅道源; 格桑平措
Original assignee: VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TIBET ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SCIENCES
Current assignee: VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TIBET ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SCIENCES
Priority date: 2022-04-28
Filing date: 2022-04-28
Publication date: 2023-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-28
Also published as: CN114766339A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating Tibetan meridian lotus, and belongs to the technical field of water lily cultivation. The invention provides a cultivation method of Tibetan meridian lotus seedlings, which comprises the following steps: (1) Washing the meridian seeds by rubbing, soaking and sterilizing by hydrogen peroxide to obtain the seeds to be planted; (2) Planting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a matrix, and carrying out germination culture to obtain seedlings; (3) Transplanting the seedlings germinated in the step (2), and culturing the seedlings to obtain the meridian seedlings. The cultivation method of the Tibetan meridian provided by the invention has the advantages of good germination rate, germination potential and germination index at the seedling stage, and good growth after transplanting.

Description

Cultivation method of Tibetan meridian

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water lily cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating Tibetan meridian lotus.

Background

Water lily (academic name: nymphaea tetragona Georgi) is a perennial aquatic herb. Is widely distributed in China, and grows in pond. The wild water lily distributed in the Tibetan area is initially judged as midnight-noon lily (Nympaeaceae tetragona) at present, and belongs to an endangered species.

The environmental conditions required by the germination of the meridian seeds are harsh, and sufficient moisture and proper temperature are needed to break the dormancy stage of the water lily so as to promote the germination of the seeds. The current research on the midnight-noon lily is mainly focused on the aspects of cultivation management technology and new variety breeding, and the research on the seed germination and seedling growth conditions of the midnight-noon lily is less. Therefore, in order to protect the water lily population in the Tibetan area, the seedling raising of the midnight-noon lily is performed in a human intervention mode, and the number of the plants of the midnight-noon lily population is necessarily increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating Tibetan meridian lotus seedlings, and discusses the influence of different germination conditions on the later growth conditions of the seedlings so as to provide references for the seedling cultivation of the plateau water lily.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a cultivation method of Tibetan meridian lotus seedlings, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Washing the meridian seeds by rubbing, soaking and sterilizing by hydrogen peroxide to obtain the seeds to be planted;

(2) Planting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a matrix, and carrying out germination culture to obtain seedlings;

(3) Transplanting the seedlings germinated in the step (2), and culturing the seedlings to obtain the meridian seedlings.

Preferably, the rubbing is to rub the outer coat of the meridian seed until the outer coat falls off.

Preferably, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 1-3%, and the soaking time of the hydrogen peroxide is 3-7 min.

Preferably, the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 to 25 parts of fermented sheep manure, 35 to 40 parts of fermented cow manure, 5 to 10 parts of peat, 8 to 12 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 10 to 20 parts of wood chips, 5 to 10 parts of foam balls and 0.1 to 0.5 part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Preferably, the humidity of the matrix is 80-90%.

Preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 0.5:0.25:0.5-1.

Preferably, the germination culture temperature is 20-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 4-5 levels, and the humidity is 30-40%.

Preferably, the germinated seedling has 2-3 compound leaves.

Preferably, water is poured once every 6 to 8 days during the seedling culture period.

The cultivation method of the Tibetan meridian provided by the invention has the advantages of good germination rate, germination potential and germination index at the seedling stage, and good growth after transplanting. Therefore, the seedling culture condition of the meridian lotus seeds provided by the invention is determined to be that the meridian lotus seeds are cultured by adopting a matrix at 20-30 ℃.

Detailed Description

The invention pretreats the meridian seeds before planting: washing the meridian seeds by rubbing, soaking and sterilizing by hydrogen peroxide to obtain the seeds to be planted.

In the present invention, the rubbing method is preferably as follows: removing outer skin of fruit, filling into yarn bag, repeatedly rubbing with hands until coat wrapping on seed surface is removed, and cleaning seed with clear water.

In the present invention, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 1 to 3%, more preferably 2%.

In the present invention, the time for immersing in hydrogen peroxide is preferably 3 to 7 minutes, and more preferably 5 minutes.

In the present invention, the hydrogen peroxide soaking period is preferably 8 to 12 times, more preferably 10 times, by gently stirring with a glass rod.

In the present invention, the hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably further washed with sterile water 1 to 3 times, more preferably 2 times after soaking.

Planting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a matrix, and carrying out germination culture to obtain seedlings.

In the present invention, the matrix preferably comprises the following raw materials (each raw material is a commercially available product) in parts by weight:

the fermented sheep manure is preferably 15-25 parts, and more preferably 20 parts; the fermented cow dung is preferably 35-40 parts, and more preferably 38 parts; the peat is preferably 5-10 parts, more preferably 8 parts; the carbonized rice husk is preferably 8-12 parts, more preferably 10 parts; the wood chips are preferably 10 to 20 parts, more preferably 15 parts; the foam ball is preferably 5 to 10 parts, more preferably 7 parts; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 part, and more preferably 0.3 part.

In the invention, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is preferably 0.5:0.25:0.5-1, and more preferably 0.5:0.25:1.

In the present invention, the humidity of the substrate is preferably 80 to 90%, more preferably 85%.

In the present invention, the temperature of the germination culture is preferably 20 to 30 ℃, and more preferably 30 ℃.

In the present invention, the illumination intensity of the germination culture is preferably 4 to 5, more preferably 5.

In the present invention, the humidity of the germination culture is preferably 30 to 40%, more preferably 38%.

In the present invention, the germination culture is preferably performed in a climatic chamber.

Transplanting the seedlings germinated in the step (2), and culturing the seedlings to obtain the meridian seedlings.

In the present invention, the germinated seedling preferably has 2 to 3 complex leaves, more preferably 2 complex leaves.

In the invention, the transplanting is to transplant the germinated seedling into a flowerpot filled with silt and soil.

In the present invention, the volume ratio of the sludge to the soil is preferably 1:1.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the flowerpot has a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 25cm.

In the present invention, the depth of the sludge and soil after being filled into the tub is preferably 12 to 18cm, more preferably 15cm.

In the present invention, the primary water is added after the sludge and soil are filled, and the depth of the primary water is preferably 4 to 6cm, more preferably 5cm. And (3) increasing the water depth at proper time along with the growth of seedlings, and controlling the water depth according to a conventional method.

In the invention, when the seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are preferably lightly inserted into soil by using tweezers for 1-2 cm deep, the distance between the seedlings is 2cm, and 20 seedlings are placed in each pot.

In the present invention, the water is preferably poured once every 6 to 8 days, more preferably 7 days, after the transplanting.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

In the embodiment, 900 meridian seeds are selected, the outer skin of the fruits is peeled off, the seeds are filled into a yarn bag, and repeatedly rubbed by hands until the outer coats of the seeds completely fall off, then the seeds are placed into clear water for cleaning, then the seeds are placed into 2% hydrogen peroxide solution for soaking for 5min after being cleaned by normal-temperature distilled water for 2 times, the seeds are gently stirred for 10 times by a glass rod during the soaking period, and the seeds are taken out and then cleaned by sterile water for 2 times.

The experiment set up 3 treatment groups (substrate) and 3 control groups (water), 6 treatments total, 3 replicates each, 50 seeds each, and the treatment set up is as in table 1.

Before the test, cleaning a glass bottle with the height of 15cm and the diameter of the bottle mouth of 8cm, flushing the glass bottle with sterile water once, adding water with the bottle height of 1/3 into the glass bottle for treating T1-T3, adding a matrix with the bottle height of 1/3 into the glass bottle for treating T4-T6, and adjusting the humidity of the matrix to be 80-90%. The treated seeds were then placed on a substrate and water with 10 grains per bottle. When the seeds are put in, a certain distance is ensured between the seeds, water is used as a culture medium, the seeds can be put in a bottle, the seeds can naturally keep a certain distance under shaking for 2-3, and the seeds are uniformly and orderly placed on the surface of the medium, so that the seeds are in good contact with the medium. Then the cover of the glass bottle is covered and put into a climatic chamber for germination culture. The illumination intensity of the artificial climate box is controlled to be 5 levels, and the humidity is controlled to be 40%.

The matrix composition used in this example was: 20 parts of fermented sheep manure, 38 parts of fermented cow manure, 8 parts of peat, 10 parts of carbonized rice husk, 15 parts of wood chips, 7 parts of foam balls and 0.3 part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (N: P: K=0.5:0.25:1).

TABLE 1 treatment and control culture condition settings

Treatment of	Cultivation substrate	Culture temperature
			T1	Water culture	20℃
T2	Water culture	25℃
			T3	Water culture	30℃
T4	Substrate	20℃
			T5	Substrate	25℃
T6	Substrate	30℃

During germination culture, the germination vigor, germination rate and germination index of the seeds are counted according to the international seed test rule between 9-10 points every day on the 4 th day and the 12 th day after the germination of the first seed. The results are shown in Table 2.

When more than 80% of the seeds grow to 2-3 double leaves, the seeds are transplanted into a flowerpot (with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 25 cm) filled with silt and soil (the volume ratio of 1:1), and the depth of the silt and the soil in the flowerpot is 15cm. Adding 5cm high of primary water after filling silt and soil, transplanting, lightly taking seedlings with tweezers, inserting the seedlings into the soil for 1cm deep, spacing the seedlings for 2cm, and placing 20 seedlings in each pot. After transplanting, watering is carried out once every 7 days, and the leaf number, the leaf length, the leaf width, the root number, the root length and the plant height of the water lily are measured every 30 days. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 2 germination of different treatments of Nymphaea tetragona seeds

Treatment of	Germination rate/%	Germination potential/%	Germination index
				T1	93.33a	66ab	47.49B
T2	93.33a	80a	59.11A
				T3	88.67ab	72ab	63.61A
T4	84ab	67.33ab	19.51D
				T5	81.33b	56.67ab	35.37C
T6	81.33b	48.67b	37.05C

As can be seen from table 2, the effect of different treatments on germination rate: under the treatment of water culture at 20 ℃ and water culture at 25 ℃ and T2, the maximum germination rate reaches 93.33 percent, and the minimum germination rates of the matrix at 25 ℃ and the matrix at 30 ℃ and T6 are 81.33 percent. The difference between the water culture and the matrix culture is very obvious; the difference between the three different temperatures is not significant.

Effect of different treatments on germination vigor: under the water culture treatment at 25 ℃, the germination potential is up to 80%, and the germination potential of the matrix at 30 ℃ is 48.67%. The average germination vigor of the water culture is higher than that of the matrix culture.

Effect of different treatments on germination index: under the water culture (T3) treatment at 30 ℃, the germination index is up to 63.61, and the germination index of the matrix at 20 ℃ is 19.51. The difference between different substrates reaches a very significant level, and the difference between different temperatures reaches a significant level.

Therefore, in the germination condition of seeds, water planting at 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ is a good planting and culturing condition of the midnight-noon ebb-flow.

The long leaf time observation of the water lily seeds shows that: the study of different treatments of seedlings shows that the water culture and matrix culture at the temperature of 30 ℃ are carried out, and the water lily seeds grow leaves earliest: water culture at 30 deg.c, matrix culture to grow seedling, and seeding with one long leaf and two long leaves in the 10 th day and 13 th day; water culture at 25 deg.c, matrix culture to raise seedling, and seeding with one long leaf and two long leaves in the 11 th day and 15 th day; water culture at 20 deg.c and matrix culture to grow seedling, and seeding to form part of long leaf. In water planting, the water lily leaves are light purple and slightly transparent, and the root system is slender and floats on the water surface. In the substrate cultivation, the water lily leaves are emerald green, the leaf flesh is full, the leaf stalks are thicker, the edges of the leaves are turned outwards, and the whole leaves are obliquely upwards stretched.

TABLE 3 growth of seedlings at different stages

The water lily seedlings are transplanted in 9.23 days, watered once every 7 days, and the water lily growth indexes are measured every 30 days. As shown in Table 3, after transplanting for one month, the number of single plant leaves is 1-3, and as the growth time changes, new leaves grow gradually, and the number of leaves increases. The leaf length range is 9.6 mm-20.81 mm, and the leaf width range is 7.38 mm-14.04 mm; the plant height range is 31.01 mm-176.71 mm; the rooting quantity is mostly 3-4 roots, and the maximum rooting quantity reaches 7 roots; the root length ranges from 23.26mm to 70.65mm. The variance analysis of the leaf length and the leaf width can show that 3 times of repeated data are not measured due to slower growth vigor after the matrix is transplanted in water at 30 ℃ for 10 months and 24 days; plant growth vigor is measured at 11 months and 24 days, water at 25 ℃ and matrix at 30 ℃ reach significant levels, and the rest treatment differences are not significant; when the growth condition of the plants is measured in 24 days of 12 months, the indexes have a descending trend, and the preliminary conclusion is that the plants grow slowly and even the seedling elimination phenomenon occurs due to the sudden drop of the air temperature in winter.

In the whole, water planting at 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ is the most suitable germination condition, the water lily seeds can sprout rapidly, and the germination rate is high; but the substrate seedlings at 30 ℃ after transplanting the seedlings show better growth advantages. Therefore, the invention determines that the proper seedling culture condition of the meridian seed is 20-30 ℃ matrix culture.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for cultivating the Tibetan meridian seedling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(3) Transplanting the seedlings germinated in the step (2), and culturing the seedlings to obtain meridian seedlings;

the scrubbing is to rub the outer coat of the meridian seeds until the outer coat falls off;

the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 to 25 parts of fermented sheep manure, 35 to 40 parts of fermented cow manure, 5 to 10 parts of peat, 8 to 12 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 10 to 20 parts of wood chips, 5 to 10 parts of foam balls and 0.1 to 0.5 part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 1-3%, and the soaking time of the hydrogen peroxide is 3-7 min.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the humidity of the substrate is 80 to 90%.

4. A cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 0.5:0.25:0.5-1.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the germination culture temperature is 20-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 4-5 stages, and the humidity is 30-40%.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the germinated seedling has 2 to 3 multiple leaves.

7. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein water is poured every 6 to 8 days during the seedling cultivation.