CN109042124A - A kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042124A CN109042124A CN201811137542.8A CN201811137542A CN109042124A CN 109042124 A CN109042124 A CN 109042124A CN 201811137542 A CN201811137542 A CN 201811137542A CN 109042124 A CN109042124 A CN 109042124A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
- A01N37/04—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof polybasic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation methods, include the following steps: 1, selection planting site and spread fertilizer over the fields base manure；2, Gorgon euryale kind pre-sowing treatment；3, Gorgon fruit seed soaking and vernalization；4, Gorgon fruit nursery and temporary planting；5, seedling and field management are colonized；6, it breeds fish fry and manages；7, Gorgon fruit harvests and fishing of cleaning up the pond.The invention by the way that first rehydration after Gorgon fruit baked seed is sterilized, handle Gorgon fruit seeds using a variety of methods such as alternating temperature and ultrasonic wave Medicament soaked seed, to improve percentage of seedgermination and robustness, reduce plant and catch an illness probability；By applying base manure, the nutrition foundation of Gorgon fruit growth and development and high yield and high quality has been ensured；By intercropping silver carp bighead, loach, reach the target of biological control insect pest spiral shell evil, reduces medicament investment；Gorgon fruit, silver carp bighead, loach three's mutualism simultaneously, compared to the conventional kind cultivation of three's yield increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to integration of drinking and medicinal herbs arable farming fields, and in particular to a kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method.
Background technique
Integration of drinking and medicinal herbs dual purpose plant is mainly reflected in two aspects of dietotherapy and nourishment maintenance, and especially nourishment maintenance is present health care thought
Embodiment.With people to health more attention, with help and prevent disease effect functional food by praise highly with
Pay attention to, to further promote the development of health food industry." Ministry of Public Health is former about further specification health food within 2012
The notice of expects pipe reason " " being both food and the article list of drug " promulgated in method prison [2002] No. 51 files of hair is defended to medicine food
Homologous class product is standardized, and Gorgon fruit is among them.
Gorgon fruit (Euryale ferox) the annual aquatic herbaceous plant that belongs to Nymphaeceae Gorgon euryale subordinate, due on fruit
Calyx after degeneration in shape such as beak, referred to as " Gorgon fruit ", also have " chicken head bud ", " chicken head lotus " etc. also known as.It is common
Plantation is grown in the shallow waters hydrostatic such as lake, pond, beach, ditch, is a kind of highly important integration of drinking and medicinal herbs water plant.
Gorgon fruit is mainly used using its intraseminal kernel as medicinal material, food materials, and commonly referred to as Gorgon euryale rice, the petiole and bennet tissue of Gorgon fruit are soft
It is tender, it is edible to can be used as seasonal vegetable after peeling；The shortening stem of growth plant is loose, containing abundant starch, can be used as animal feed
Addition uses.Semen Euryales nutritional is abundant, and containing there are many amino acid, fatty acid and microelement, Related Component is researched and analysed discovery and ground
Studying carefully the ingredients such as polyphenol contained in Gorgon fruit kernel, sesquialter neolignan, tocopherol, cerebroside and Cyclic dipeptides is that Gorgon fruit is main
Effective medicinal components.Pharmaceutically, Gorgon fruit has effects that supplementing the kidney to control the nocturnal, tonifying spleen and stopping diarrhea, tonifying spleen and stopping diarrhea, cures mainly nocturnal emission, spermatorrhoea,
The enuresis, frequent micturition, spleen deficiency chronic diarrhea, gonorrhoea, leukorrhagia are known as the good reputation of " ginseng in water " and " longan in water ", are traditional Chinese medicines
With precious natural tonic.On edible, Gorgon fruit kernel rounding, mouthfeel are soft glutinous, are food materials of nourishing a kind of high-quality autumn and winter.
Gorgon fruit is divided into gordon euryale seed and northern Gorgon euryale by cultivar.Gordon euryale seed, also known as Soviet Union Gorgon euryale, are the variety of Gorgon fruit, individual plants
Greatly, for above-ground organs in addition to blade back spinosity, rest part is smooth stingless, and harvesting is more convenient, and a season can harvest 8-10 times；Exosper
Thickness, surface is smooth, is in pale brown or sepia, and seed is larger, kernel rounding, waxy, in good taste, best in quality, the disadvantage is that due to
Kind skin is thicker, germinates more difficult, causes adaptability and resistance poor.Northern Gorgon euryale, also referred to as thorn Gorgon euryale, having wild also has cultivation, quality
It is slightly inferior to gordon euryale seed, the dense rigid thorn of above-ground organs, harvesting is more difficult, and a general season only harvests 1-2 times；Exosper is thin, rough surface,
In grayish green or dark brown, seed is smaller, and kernel subcircular, round-grained rice, quality is medium, but due to kind of a thin skin, germinates simpler, adapt to
Property is stronger than gordon euryale seed.After being handled using a variety of physico-chemical process gordon euryale seed seed, adaptability can be obtained and resistance is stronger
Gordon euryale seed seed provides safeguard to obtain the seed of euryale ferox of high yield and high quality for the further development of Gorgon fruit industry.
Gorgon fruit during the growth process, is often caused harm by disease pest, spiral shell, mouse, and the normal growth of Gorgon fruit is seriously affected, and yield is obvious
It reduces.Zhang Baodi etc. investigates Gorgon fruit disease pest, spiral shell, the plague of rats, and the disease for endangering Gorgon fruit growth is mainly anthracnose
It is sick with mottled rot, generally agricultural measures is taken to prevent and treat in production, is mainly picked up from seed and seedling stage, cultivate strong sprout, to enhance
Plant resistant to diseases and insects.Root leaf beetle and aphid are mainly eaten in insect pest, and by spraying insecticide, preparation is directly prevented and treated, but on the one hand increase
Add planting cost, on the other hand causes water body environment pollution；Spiral shell evil has Pomacea canaliculata and lamnaeid, can be by catching or spreading fertilizer over the fields
Kill spiral shell chemical control, the human and material resources higher cost of consuming.The biological control method for exploring a kind of ecological sustainability, becomes Gorgon euryale
It must be solved the problems, such as during real high yield and quality cultivation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, which is directed in Gorgon fruit planting process, haves the defects that percentage of seedgermination is lower, farmland level of comprehensive utilization is poor,
Propose a kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method.
A kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method, which is characterized in that comprising the following specific steps
1, selection planting site with spread fertilizer over the fields base manure: selection fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are convenient, retain water and nutrients high-quality farmland massifs, by every
Mu dosage 2200-2600kg spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure, and base manure is screwed in soil with rotary cultivator thereafter；50-60cm high from the basis of Yuan Geng
Earth dam, to use with making Gorgon fruit field production；
2, Gorgon euryale kind pre-sowing treatment: taking the Gorgon fruit seed that full appearance is mellow and full, color is deep, is dried with WGZ-2000 type microwave drying instrument
It is dry, microwave drying instrument microwave frequency 2450MHz, 38-42 DEG C of temperature；The KH of 0.8-1.2% is used later2PO4Solution impregnates 10-14h,
The KMnO of 0.4-0.6% is used again44-6h is impregnated, full seed after rehydration is pulled out, with aseptic water washing 2-3 times, followed by 2-
3 intermittent warmings；
3, Gorgon fruit seed soaking and vernalization: late March to early April takes out the seed handled well in step 2, is rinsed with clear water dry
Seed soaking is carried out after net to operate with vernalization, the specific steps are as follows:
1) it prepares Gorgon fruit seed-soaking liquid: taking Gorgon fruit fresh rhizome, the distilled water that rhizome weighs 60 times is added after rhizome is ground,
It is impregnated 3 days at 26-30 DEG C；It is centrifuged soak 30-40min at 1000-1200r/min with supercentrifuge, takes thereafter
Clear liquid is evaporated under reduced pressure with YRE-2000B type Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/6 of former soak, and 280- is added in every liter of concentrate
320ml Gorgon fruit seed activity promotor, obtains Gorgon fruit seed-soaking liquid；
2) seed soaking: the seed in step 2 is immersed in seed-soaking liquid, seed-soaking liquid is placed in ultrasonic cleaner, in 15-20
DEG C, be ultrasonically treated 15-20h under 60-80Hz, take out thereafter spare；
3) vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally: the seed that upper step is handled well being put into basin and is added clear water vernalization 6-8 days, the depth of water is to submerge seed
Degree；Holding changes water daily, can sow after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
4, nursery pond, each seedling pool area 4-5m Gorgon fruit nursery and temporary planting: are excavated in the Gorgon fruit cultivation field handled well2, depth 15-
20cm, in the matrix of bottom of pond layer overlay 2-3cm thickness, wherein matrix components are by weight: vermiculite 40-50, chicken manure 8-10, wheat straw
10-15, bamboo scraps 8-10, bentonite 15-20；Thereafter pour water 8-10cm, and the seed to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in step 3 is sown into nursery pond, uses
280-320/m of kind amount2；When seedling it is long to 2-3 piece flechette-type acrospire when transplant seedlings temporary planting: the band soil lifting when Miao Chizhong transplants seedlings,
Seedling is transplanted with the seeding row spacing of 35 × 50cm to rice seedling bed, thereafter Routine Management Gorgon fruit rice seedling bed；
5, seedling and field management are colonized: shallow using wide cave when the Gorgon euryale miaoye diameter in rice seedling bed reaches 25-30cm in 6 months, the last ten-days period
Hydroponics presses the seeding row spacing of 2 × 2m in Field planting Gorgon fruit, per acre with 120-160 plants of seedling amount；Gorgon euryale seedling is planted in the center in cave, depth with
Just bury root and a height of degree of subterranean stem, discharges water thereafter to 30-40cm；Gorgon fruit manages crop field after turning green in the usual way；
6, it breeds fish fry and manages: putting silver carp bighead, mud fish fry in a suitable place to breed after Gorgon fruit is turned green, putting silver carp bighead seedling specification in a suitable place to breed is 70-100g/
Tail, stocking rate are 80-100 kg/ mus, and the quantity ratio between silver carp, bighead is 3:1；Mud fish fry specification is 5-8cm/ tail, is put in a suitable place to breed
Amount is 40-50kg/ mus；Gorgon fruit field is put into after embathing fingerling 5-10min with 3-5% common salt aqueous solution when fry is put in a suitable place to breed；Thereafter conventional
Manage fry；
7, Gorgon fruit is harvested and is cleaned up the pond fishing: Gorgon fruit picking time in August, the last ten-days period to early October, to Gorgon euryale fruit soft-touch, shape
Full, color can start to pick when being in aubergine, harvest 1 time every 4-7 days；Mid or late November, clean up the pond catch silver carp bighead and
Loach adult fish.
Base manure ingredient is by weight in the step 1: sheep barnyard manure 200-280, dregs of beans 40-50, turf 20-30, corncob
30-40, sweet potato cane leaves 10-14, rice chaff 8-10, peanut shell 20-30, cotton seed hulls 6-8, sawdust 10-14, vermiculite 8-12, silkworm excrement 6-
10, seaweed meal 4-6, bagasse 4-6, alditol slag 3-4, perlite 3-4.
Base manure ingredient is by weight in the step 1: sheep barnyard manure 240, dregs of beans 45, turf 25, corncob 35, sweet potato cane leaves
12, rice chaff 9, peanut shell 25, cotton seed hulls 7, sawdust 12, vermiculite 10, silkworm excrement 8, seaweed meal 5, bagasse 5, alditol slag 3.5, pearl
Rock 3.5.
Intermittent warming in the step 2 method particularly includes: first seed is put into 3-5 DEG C of refrigerator and is refrigerated 7 days, is then taken
Out, preservation 3 days in 20-25 DEG C of insulating box are put into, are repeated 2-3 times.
Gorgon fruit seed activity promotor ingredient presses densimeter: methyl α-naphthyl acetate 30-40ppm, sodium oxalate 50- in the step 3
60ppm, calcium chloride 60-70ppm, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 80-100ppm, compound sodium nitrophenolate 18-22ppm.
Gorgon fruit seed activity promotor ingredient presses densimeter: methyl α-naphthyl acetate 35ppm, sodium oxalate 55ppm, chlorine in the step 3
Change calcium 65ppm, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 90ppm, compound sodium nitrophenolate 20ppm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
1, the invention by the way that first rehydration after Gorgon fruit baked seed is sterilized, using alternating temperature and ultrasonic wave Medicament soaked seed
Gorgon fruit seed is handled etc. a variety of methods, to improve percentage of seedgermination and robustness, plant is reduced and catches an illness probability；
2, it is rich in the biotic component base manure of a variety of organic matters by applying, on the one hand ensure that nutrition needs in Gorgon fruit growth course
It asks, the fry on the other hand increasing subsequent intercropping obtains food source approach, and the increase harvest for the entire ecosystem provides
Basic guarantee；
3, by intercropping silver carp bighead, loach, reach the target of biological control insect pest spiral shell evil, further reduce medicament investment,
Increase farmland output.
Finally, the Gorgon fruit yield produced is high, in good taste, and bioactive ingredients content is high；Silver carp bighead, the loach of intercropping
Head is big, yield is high；Gorgon fruit, silver carp bighead, loach three's mutualism, have reached the target of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation.
Specific embodiment
Further explaination explanation is done to the present invention combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
In November, 2016, to verify practical beneficial effect of the invention, the relevant technologies are done on Jiangsu Province South Lake farm by technical team
Verifying, Gorgon fruit kind used are precocious pale reddish brown Gorgon fruit, and silver carp bighead used and mud fish fry are purchased from Aquaculture Corporation of Changshu City, are had
Body implementation method is as follows:
1, selection planting site with spread fertilizer over the fields base manure: selection fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are convenient, retain water and nutrients high-quality farmland massifs, by every
Mu dosage 2400kg spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure, and base manure is screwed in soil with rotary cultivator thereafter；Base manure ingredient is by weight: sheep barnyard manure 240, beans
The dregs of rice 45, turf 25, corncob 35, sweet potato cane leaves 12, rice chaff 9, peanut shell 25, cotton seed hulls 7, sawdust 12, vermiculite 10, silkworm excrement 8, sea
Grass meal 5, bagasse 5, alditol slag 3.5, perlite 3.5；The earth dam of 50-60cm high from the basis of Yuan Geng, to make Gorgon fruit crop field
Milpa uses；
2, Gorgon euryale kind pre-sowing treatment: taking the Gorgon fruit seed that full appearance is mellow and full, color is deep, is dried with WGZ-2000 type microwave drying instrument
It is dry, microwave drying instrument microwave frequency 2450MHz, 40 DEG C of temperature；Later with 1.0% KH2PO4Solution impregnates 12h, then with 0.5%
KMnO45h is impregnated, pulls full seed after rehydration, with aseptic water washing 2-3 times, followed by 2-3 intermittent warming out；Alternating temperature
Processing method particularly includes: first seed is put into 3-5 DEG C of refrigerator and is refrigerated 7 days, is then taken out, preservation in 22 DEG C of insulating boxs is put into
It 3 days, repeats 2-3 times
3, Gorgon fruit seed soaking and vernalization: late March to early April takes out the seed handled well in step 2, is rinsed with clear water dry
Seed soaking is carried out after net to operate with vernalization, the specific steps are as follows:
1) it prepares Gorgon fruit seed-soaking liquid: taking Gorgon fruit fresh rhizome, the distilled water that rhizome weighs 60 times is added after rhizome is ground,
It is impregnated 3 days at 28 DEG C；It is centrifuged soak 35min at 1100r/min with supercentrifuge, takes supernatant YRE- thereafter
2000B type Rotary Evaporators reduction vaporization is concentrated into the 1/6 of former soak, and 300ml Gorgon fruit seed is added in every liter of concentrate
Accelerative activator obtains Gorgon fruit seed-soaking liquid；Wherein Gorgon fruit seed activity promotor ingredient presses densimeter: methyl α-naphthyl acetate 35ppm, sodium oxalate
55ppm, calcium chloride 65ppm, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 90ppm, compound sodium nitrophenolate 20ppm；
2) seed soaking: by step 2 seed immerse seed-soaking liquid in, seed-soaking liquid is placed in ultrasonic cleaner, 17 DEG C,
It is ultrasonically treated 18h under 70Hz, takes out thereafter spare；
3) vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally: the seed that upper step is handled well being put into basin and is added clear water vernalization 7 days, the depth of water is to submerge seed as degree；
Holding changes water daily, can sow after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
4, nursery pond, each seedling pool area 4-5m Gorgon fruit nursery and temporary planting: are excavated in the Gorgon fruit cultivation field handled well2, depth 15-
20cm, in the matrix of bottom of pond layer overlay 2-3cm thickness, wherein matrix components are by weight: vermiculite 45, chicken manure 9, wheat straw 12, bamboo
Consider 9, bentonite 18 to be worth doing；Thereafter pour water 8-10cm, and the seed to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in step 3 is sown into nursery pond, 300/m of sowing quantity2；When
Seedling it is long to 2-3 piece flechette-type acrospire when transplant seedlings temporary planting: the band soil lifting when Miao Chizhong transplants seedlings, seedling is with the plant of 35 × 50cm
Away from transplanting in rice seedling bed, Routine Management Gorgon fruit rice seedling bed thereafter；
5, seedling and field management are colonized: shallow using wide cave when the Gorgon euryale miaoye diameter in rice seedling bed reaches 25-30cm in 6 months, the last ten-days period
Hydroponics presses the seeding row spacing of 2 × 2m in Field planting Gorgon fruit, per acre with 120-160 plants of seedling amount；Gorgon euryale seedling is planted in the center in cave, depth with
Just bury root and a height of degree of subterranean stem, discharges water thereafter to 30-40cm；Gorgon fruit manages crop field after turning green in the usual way；
6, it breeds fish fry and manages: putting silver carp bighead, mud fish fry in a suitable place to breed after Gorgon fruit is turned green, putting silver carp bighead seedling specification in a suitable place to breed is 70-100
G/ tail, stocking rate are 90 kg/ mus, and the quantity ratio between silver carp, bighead is 3:1；Mud fish fry specification is 5-8cm/ tail, stocking rate
It is 45kg/ mus；Gorgon fruit field is put into after embathing fingerling 5-10min with 3-5% common salt aqueous solution when fry is put in a suitable place to breed；Thereafter Routine Management
Fry；
7, Gorgon fruit is harvested and is cleaned up the pond fishing: Gorgon fruit picking time in August, the last ten-days period to early October, to Gorgon euryale fruit soft-touch, shape
Full, color can start to pick when being in aubergine, harvest 1 time every 4-7 days；Mid or late November, clean up the pond catch silver carp bighead and
Loach adult fish.It counts Gorgon fruit and at fish crop, data is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 2
In November, 2016, for the beneficial effect of base manure applied in verifying invention, except replacing the base manure in 1 step 1 of embodiment
It is outer at decomposed pig manure application, using identical method and step in embodiment 1, transplant one mu of Gorgon fruit.Gorgon fruit is counted after harvest
And at fish crop, data are as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3
It is adopted in addition to no longer intercropping fry for the beneficial effect of intercropping silver carp bighead and loach in verifying invention route in November, 2016
With method and step identical in embodiment 1, one mu of Gorgon fruit is transplanted.Gorgon fruit yield is counted after harvest, data are as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 4
In November, 2016, " the Gorgon fruit crop field shallow water cultivation skill that technical team is published on South Lake farm using Lu Zhixin et al.
Art " method and step in a text, one mu of Gorgon fruit is transplanted, Gorgon fruit kind is the same as embodiment 1.Gorgon fruit yield is counted after harvest, data are such as
Shown in table 2.
Embodiment 5
In November, 2016, using conventional method, 1 mu of silver carp bighead, loach of intercropping in the common fish pond on same farm, silver carp flathead used
Fish, loach fish seed class, specification, quantity are the same as embodiment 1.For statistics at fish crop, data are as shown in table 2 after harvest.
6 seed germination experiment of embodiment
In March, 2015, for the beneficial effect of method for treating seeds in verifying invention route, every processing randomly selects 150 Gorgon fruits
Seed is divided into 3 groups, does seed germination experiment, and the specific method is as follows:
The present invention: seed is handled using identical method and step in 1 step 2 of embodiment, 3, culture is seeded into after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
On base, statistics germination success rate and observation seedling growth；
Control: being directly dipped in presoaking and germinating in clear water for the Gorgon fruit seed of selection, be seeded on culture medium after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and unites
Meter germination success rate and observation seedling growth；Acquired results are as shown in table 1.
From in table 1 it will be seen that by using in the present invention method handle Gorgon fruit seed after, Gorgon fruit germination percentage mentions
It is high by 20.9%, and resulting seedling growth is healthy and strong, blade is more and dark green, illustrates that present invention processing sufficiently excites Gorgon fruit seed
Vigor is taken a firm foundation for the invasion of subsequent resistance germ.
After the comparing and analyzing of above 5 embodiments, it has been found that: 1, it applies after base manure to fresh Gorgon euryale yield and silver carp flathead
Fish, loach yield have a castering action, and reason is that base manure provides sufficient nutrition supplying Gorgon fruit growth and development, and for loach,
Silver carp bighead also provides part of the food source；2, putting silver carp bighead, loach in a suitable place to breed has castering action to Gorgon fruit yield, and reason may is that
A large amount of excrement that the two generates in growth and development process promote Gorgon fruit growth；3, compared to general planting Gorgon fruit, the present invention
24% is improved in fresh Gorgon euryale yield；4, compared to conventional intercropping silver carp bighead, loach, the present invention is respectively increased in yield
20.8%,33.5%.Above data comparison has fully demonstrated beneficial effects of the present invention, can absolutely prove that the present invention is Gorgon euryale accordingly
Splendid solution in real high yield and quality cultivation technique study has substantial worth to the rapidly and efficiently development of Gorgon fruit industry.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method, which is characterized in that comprising the following specific steps
1, selection planting site with spread fertilizer over the fields base manure: selection fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are convenient, retain water and nutrients high-quality farmland massifs, by every
Mu dosage 2200-2600kg spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure, and base manure is screwed in soil with rotary cultivator thereafter；50-60cm high from the basis of Yuan Geng
Earth dam, to use with making Gorgon fruit field production；
2, Gorgon euryale kind pre-sowing treatment: taking the Gorgon fruit seed that full appearance is mellow and full, color is deep, is dried with WGZ-2000 type microwave drying instrument
It is dry, microwave drying instrument microwave frequency 2450MHz, 38-42 DEG C of temperature；The KH of 0.8-1.2% is used later2PO4Solution impregnates 10-14h,
The KMnO of 0.4-0.6% is used again44-6h is impregnated, full seed after rehydration is pulled out, with aseptic water washing 2-3 times, followed by 2-
3 intermittent warmings；
3, Gorgon fruit seed soaking and vernalization: late March to early April takes out the seed handled well in step 2, is rinsed with clear water dry
Seed soaking is carried out after net to operate with vernalization, the specific steps are as follows:
1) it prepares Gorgon fruit seed-soaking liquid: taking Gorgon fruit fresh rhizome, the distilled water that rhizome weighs 60 times is added after rhizome is ground,
It is impregnated 3 days at 26-30 DEG C；It is centrifuged soak 30-40min at 1000-1200r/min with supercentrifuge, takes thereafter
Clear liquid is evaporated under reduced pressure with YRE-2000B type Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/6 of former soak, and 280- is added in every liter of concentrate
320ml Gorgon fruit seed activity promotor, obtains Gorgon fruit seed-soaking liquid；
2) seed soaking: the seed in step 2 is immersed in seed-soaking liquid, seed-soaking liquid is placed in ultrasonic cleaner, in 15-20
DEG C, be ultrasonically treated 15-20h under 60-80Hz, take out thereafter spare；
3) vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally: the seed that upper step is handled well being put into basin and is added clear water vernalization 6-8 days, the depth of water is to submerge seed
Degree；Holding changes water daily, can sow after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
4, nursery pond, each seedling pool area 4-5m Gorgon fruit nursery and temporary planting: are excavated in the Gorgon fruit cultivation field handled well2, depth 15-
20cm, in the matrix of bottom of pond layer overlay 2-3cm thickness, wherein matrix components are by weight: vermiculite 40-50, chicken manure 8-10, wheat straw
10-15, bamboo scraps 8-10, bentonite 15-20；Thereafter pour water 8-10cm, and the seed to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in step 3 is sown into nursery pond, uses
280-320/m of kind amount2；When seedling it is long to 2-3 piece flechette-type acrospire when transplant seedlings temporary planting: the band soil lifting when Miao Chizhong transplants seedlings,
Seedling is transplanted with the seeding row spacing of 35 × 50cm to rice seedling bed, thereafter Routine Management Gorgon fruit rice seedling bed；
5, seedling and field management are colonized: shallow using wide cave when the Gorgon euryale miaoye diameter in rice seedling bed reaches 25-30cm in 6 months, the last ten-days period
Hydroponics presses the seeding row spacing of 2 × 2m in Field planting Gorgon fruit, per acre with 120-160 plants of seedling amount；Gorgon euryale seedling is planted in the center in cave, depth with
Just bury root and a height of degree of subterranean stem, discharges water thereafter to 30-40cm；Gorgon fruit manages crop field after turning green in the usual way；
6, it breeds fish fry and manages: putting silver carp bighead, mud fish fry in a suitable place to breed after Gorgon fruit is turned green, putting silver carp bighead seedling specification in a suitable place to breed is 70-100g/
Tail, stocking rate are 80-100 kg/ mus, and the quantity ratio between silver carp, bighead is 3:1；Mud fish fry specification is 5-8cm/ tail, is put in a suitable place to breed
Amount is 40-50kg/ mus；Gorgon fruit field is put into after embathing fingerling 5-10min with 3-5% common salt aqueous solution when fry is put in a suitable place to breed；Thereafter conventional
Manage fry；
7, Gorgon fruit is harvested and is cleaned up the pond fishing: Gorgon fruit picking time in August, the last ten-days period to early October, to Gorgon euryale fruit soft-touch, shape
Full, color can start to pick when being in aubergine, harvest 1 time every 4-7 days；Mid or late November, clean up the pond catch silver carp bighead and
Loach adult fish.
2. Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that base manure ingredient in the step 1
By weight: sheep barnyard manure 200-280, dregs of beans 40-50, turf 20-30, corncob 30-40, sweet potato cane leaves 10-14, rice chaff 8-
10, peanut shell 20-30, cotton seed hulls 6-8, sawdust 10-14, vermiculite 8-12, silkworm excrement 6-10, seaweed meal 4-6, bagasse 4-6, alditol
Slag 3-4, perlite 3-4.
3. Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that base manure ingredient in the step 1
By weight: sheep barnyard manure 240, dregs of beans 45, turf 25, corncob 35, sweet potato cane leaves 12, rice chaff 9, peanut shell 25, cotton seed hulls 7,
Sawdust 12, vermiculite 10, silkworm excrement 8, seaweed meal 5, bagasse 5, alditol slag 3.5, perlite 3.5.
4. Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that intermittent warming in the step 2
Method particularly includes: first seed is put into 3-5 DEG C of refrigerator and is refrigerated 7 days, is then taken out, preservation 3 in 20-25 DEG C of insulating box is put into
It, repeats 2-3 times.
5. Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Gorgon fruit seed in the step 3
Accelerative activator ingredient presses densimeter: methyl α-naphthyl acetate 30-40ppm, sodium oxalate 50-60ppm, calcium chloride 60-70ppm, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 80-
100ppm, compound sodium nitrophenolate 18-22ppm.
6. Gorgon fruit high yield and quality cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Gorgon fruit seed in the step 3
Accelerative activator ingredient presses densimeter: methyl α-naphthyl acetate 35ppm, sodium oxalate 55ppm, calcium chloride 65ppm, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 90ppm, compound nitrophenol
Sodium 20ppm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110959470A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Culture method for intercropping largemouth black bass by using gorgon fruit |
| CN113575417A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏绿冶苗木科技有限公司 | Method for in vitro rapid propagation of gorgon fruit |
| CN114766339A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Cultivation method of Tibetan meridian lotus |
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| CN103493672A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Green and high-yield planting method of euryale ferox salisb |
| CN104067834A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-01 | 太仓市泗州农场专业合作社 | Planting method for high-yield gorgon fruit |
| CN106538104A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-29 | 张晓峰 | A kind of method for improving Flos Chrysanthemi percentage of seedgermination |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103493672A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Green and high-yield planting method of euryale ferox salisb |
| CN104067834A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-01 | 太仓市泗州农场专业合作社 | Planting method for high-yield gorgon fruit |
| CN106538104A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-29 | 张晓峰 | A kind of method for improving Flos Chrysanthemi percentage of seedgermination |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110959470A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Culture method for intercropping largemouth black bass by using gorgon fruit |
| CN113575417A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏绿冶苗木科技有限公司 | Method for in vitro rapid propagation of gorgon fruit |
| CN114766339A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Cultivation method of Tibetan meridian lotus |
| CN114766339B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-05-26 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Cultivation method of Tibetan meridian |
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