CN110122234A - A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and leek - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and leek Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122234A CN110122234A CN201910364375.9A CN201910364375A CN110122234A CN 110122234 A CN110122234 A CN 110122234A CN 201910364375 A CN201910364375 A CN 201910364375A CN 110122234 A CN110122234 A CN 110122234A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the cultural methods made between a kind of konjaku and leek, comprising the following steps: S1, selection of land；S2, site preparation；S3, seed selection；S4, sowing；S5, field management；S6, fertilising；S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；S8, harvesting.The present invention uses the cultural method of reasonable standard, makes full use of luminous energy, soil fertility, effectively improves unit land utilization efficiency, increases planting household income；A certain amount of income can be obtained by leek in the case where current year, konjaku did not had economic benefit；With konjaku weeds form competitive advantage to leek, inhibit weeds, become the substituted plant of weeds, when reducing the weeder in later period konjaku plot, reduce the weeding cost of farmer to a certain extent；And the disease incidence of konjak soft rot is significantly reduced, remarkable in economical benefits improves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, in particular to the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku and leek.
Background technique
Konjaku You Cheng Amorphophalus rivieri, bennet lotus, are the general names of Araeceae Amorphophallus, konjak cultivation have hygrophilous profit, be afraid of ponding,
Happiness is nice and cool, is afraid of high temperature, likes the characteristics of dim light, resistance to shading, and konjaku konjaku is full of nutrition, and edible value is high, and stem tuber is sweet rich in Portugal
Glycan, pectin, alkaloid, starch and 17 kinds of amino acid and various trace elements, have hypoglycemic, reducing blood lipid, decompression, dissipate poison,
Beauty treatment, promote blood circulation, lose weight, defaecation, appetizing the effect of, konjaku is presently found unique largely containing the plant of Glucomannan, evil spirit
Taro also has very high medical value, can the gentle slow weight-reducing of pre- preventing obesity, be widely used in food, medicine, weaving, cosmetics,
The multiple fields such as petroleum.
Leek also known as rich, careless clock cream, Folium Allii tuberosi, Lan Rencai, long-living fragrant-flowered garlic, Folium Allii tuberosi, flat dish etc.；It is perennial to belong to Liliaceae
Herbaceous plant has special overpowering odor, rhizome accumbency, the narrow cone of bulb, fasciation；Scale formula crust yellowish-brown, reticular fibre matter；
Phyllopodium is raw, and bar shaped is flat；Umbel, basidixed.Leaf, scape and Hua Jun are for vegetable consumption；Seed etc. can be used as medicine, and have kidney tonifying,
Stomach invigorating is refreshed oneself, hidroschesis astringent method and other effects.In Chinese medicine, leek is called " intestinal lavage grass " by someone.The perennial place of leek category Liliaceae
Root vegetables, adaptable, weatherable has cultivation all over China.Southern many areas can produce throughout the year, and the happiness of leek property is cold
It is cool, it resists cold also heat-resisting, germination thermophilic is 12-18 DEG C, and 15 DEG C to 25 DEG C of growth temperature, underground part is resistant to lower temperature.
Konjaku plants the two-year system no-tillage ridge culture cultivation technique generallyd use at this stage, has the disadvantage in that
(1) for guarantee konjaku next year rational density, current year plantation must keep more sparse density, cause soil and
The waste of illumination resource；
(2) excessively dilute density and preferable soil fertility and illumination condition, cause weed growth vigorous, and weeding generates a large amount of
Working hour expense；
(3) konjaku of current year plantation, which will arrive second year, could dig receipts, and current year, farmer did not had economic benefit；
(4) net kind or there is no antagonism to disease with the interplanting of the crops such as corn and soybean, soft rot disease incidence is high, and meeting
Cause the economic benefit of corn and soybean low.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of soft rot disease incidence is low, good in economic efficiency konjaku with
The cultural method made between leek.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that
A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and leek, comprising the following steps:
S1, selection of land: selection is warm, wet, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination condition preferably but without intense light irradiation half
The gentle slope of negative half light or mountain valley, soil select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, rich in organic matter and humus, pH value in
Property or subacidity, the sandy loam for not planting allium vegetables for nearly 1 to 2 years；
S2, site preparation: at the end of February deep ploughing to plot selected by step S1 at the beginning of 3 months, shine soil, thin upturned soil, wide with the moisture surface of 1.2m
Ridging, the high 30-40cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm；
S3, seed selection:
Konjaku seed selection: the new varieties gold ground 1 that disease resistance is strong is selected, the mode of appearance of bulb is round or oval, bud
Nest is small and shallow, bulb enriches, terminal bud it is scarlet it is sturdy, disease-free, without wound, single weight 100-200g ganoid konjaku taro；
Leek seed selection: select no insect pest, tillering ability are strong, disease resistance is strong, pure color, without mildew, resist cold quality
Good Allium tuberasum.seeds；
S4, sowing:
Konjaku sowing: in mid-March to by the end of April, when surface temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C or more, by the strain of 60cm × 30cm
Line-spacing carries out water furrow planting, and depth of planting 10-20cm when sowing, ganoid konjaku taro bud nest is put down gently in ditch upward, then covers 5-
The fine earth of 10cm thickness, watering sow 2900 plants per acre；
Leek sowing: the line-spacing in moisture surface with 30cm opens cave plantation leek, and the distance between cave and cave are in every row
15cm, every moisture in the soil plant 4 row konjakus and 3 row leek, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between leek and konjaku；When sowing, sowed in each cave
6-8 Allium tuberasum.seeds, the fine earth of covering 1-2cm thickness, watering after having sowed；
S5, field management:
Konjaku field management: carrying out first time intertillage, carry out June intertilling for second after konjaku emergence or when konjaku lamina, and 7
Carry out third time intertillage the moon, weeding combines intertillage to carry out；
Leek field management: after the soil of the leek seedling of 60%-70% top, periodically watering to Allium tuberasum.seeds, leek seedling
Watering is primary for 2-3 days, and leek watering is primary for 6-7 days；
S6, fertilising: when sowing, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure in sowing cave and seed furrow
2000-3000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) 18-22kg are as base fertilizer；Top dressing, which is taken, sees that seedling chases after
Fertilizer, general top dressing 2 times, the 1st top dressing impose in conjunction with weeding in June and mention seed manure；2nd top dressing is the konjaku after konjaku lamina
In a phase is changed, generally in mid-August, imposes and change head and expand fertilizer；A liquid dung is poured to leek when leek height is 10-13cm；
S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating konjak soft rot, and konjaku is emerged after lamina, find diseased plant, should pull out immediately
Heart trouble strain, and the place for taking separate plot to is concentrated to destroy by fire, the sick soil in sick cave is removed in time, spreads fertilizer over the fields polynary disappear in sick cave and surrounding
Malicious powder；Selection fair weather sprays the broad spectrum antimicrobial agents (medicine such as Bordeaux mixture, Bravo or carbendazim before konjaku lamina and after lamina
Object spraying concentration is according to product description) prevention and treatment soft rot, it sprayed once, sprays 3-5 times every 7-10 days；Leek harvesting is previous
It does not spray insecticide when week to harvesting；
S8, harvesting:
Konjaku harvesting: after konjaku plant nature sprout tumble 10 days, fair weather is selected to harvest using conventional method, the block of harvesting
Stem is sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
Leek harvesting: it more than 5 leaves and when plant height is greater than 20cm, is gathered in using conventional method.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the PH of plot soil is 6-7 in step S1.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: plot selected by step S1 is before step S2 progress, per acre with 5% phoxim particle
Agent 2kg adds dry fine earth 10-15kg mixing to spread fertilizer over the fields, to prevent bradysia odoriphaga.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: need to ted 1-2 days before the ganoid konjaku taro sowing in step S3, and mixed with polynary disinfectant powder
Kind.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: 5-10 points are impregnated in 40 DEG C of warm water before the Allium tuberasum.seeds sowing in step S3
Clock, agitation one is lauched when immersion, and after waiting water static, the empty grain and some eliminating impurities that float up are fallen；Dispose the fragrant-flowered garlic of sundries
Colza, which is placed in 25-30 DEG C of water, to be impregnated 9-12 hours, after the completion of immersion, the Allium tuberasum.seeds picked up is wrapped with wet gauze and are put
In 12-18 DEG C of shady place vernalization, 2 wet gauzes are replaced daily later, can plant after Allium tuberasum.seeds are more than half germination.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 include mass ratio be 40:20:20 cow dung,
Chicken manure and sheep dung.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the seed manure that mentions in step S6 is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15), and mu is applied
18-22kg。
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the head that changes in step S6 expands the wormwood artemisia that fertilizer uses mass ratio as 15:10:25:40
Son, sheep dung, cow dung and bubble system form, and mu applies 1200-1300kg.
The further setting of the present invention are as follows: the liquid dung in step S6 includes that mass ratio is the cow dung of 25:15:20:30, chicken
Excrement, sheep dung and water, mu apply 1000-1200kg.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. konjaku is similar to soil climate environment needed for leek growth, by the ranks opening bunch planting kind fragrant-flowered garlic in konjaku plantation
Dish, every moisture in the soil plant 4 row konjakus and 3 row leek, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between konjaku and leek, it is ensured that rational close planting makes unit area
Inside there is a reasonable group structure, ontogeny can be made good and play the production-increasing function of group, to make full use of light
Energy, soil fertility, to obtain high yield；By making between konjaku and leek, unit land utilization efficiency is effectively improved, farmer's warp is increased
Ji income, a certain amount of income can be obtained in the case where current year, konjaku did not had economic benefit by leek；
2. with konjaku weeds form competitive advantage to leek, inhibits weeds, become the substituted plant of weeds, reduce later period evil spirit
When the weeder in taro plot, the weeding cost of farmer is reduced to a certain extent；
3. making between konjaku and leek, root exudates caused by leek secondary metabolism is more, secretion shape in the soil
At microbial flora, in addition to crossing and there is stimulating growth and vegetable soil, moreover it is possible to be generated with the Soft rot bacteria of Elephant taro in soil short of money
Anti- effect causes pathogenic bacteria ecological relationship disorder, can not normal growth and infection konjaku plant, effectively inhibit it to infect and endanger
Evil, reduces konjaku disease incidence；Konjaku root exudates has insecticidal action simultaneously, reduces the use of pesticide, is conducive to purify
Soil environment, the konjaku for having made leek improve 25% or so because reducing disease incidence, per mu yield.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment of description is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention,
Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, belongs to this hair
The range of bright protection.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and leek, comprising the following steps:
S1, selection of land: selection is warm, wet, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination condition preferably but without intense light irradiation half
The gentle slope of negative half light or mountain valley, soil select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, rich in organic matter and humus, pH value in
Property or subacidity, the sandy loam for not planting allium vegetables for nearly 1 to 2 years；
S2, site preparation: at the end of February deep ploughing to plot selected by step S1 at the beginning of 3 months, shine soil, thin upturned soil, wide with the moisture surface of 1.2m
Ridging, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm；
S3, seed selection:
Konjaku seed selection: the new varieties gold ground 1 that disease resistance is strong is selected, the mode of appearance of bulb is round or oval, bud
Nest is small and shallow, bulb enriches, terminal bud it is scarlet it is sturdy, disease-free, without wound, single weight 100g ganoid konjaku taro；
Leek seed selection: select no insect pest, tillering ability are strong, disease resistance is strong, pure color, without mildew, resist cold quality
Good Allium tuberasum.seeds；
S4, sowing:
Konjaku sowing: in mid-March to by the end of April, when surface temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C or more, by the strain of 60cm × 30cm
Line-spacing carries out water furrow planting, and when sowing, ganoid konjaku taro bud nest is put down gently in ditch upward by depth of planting 10cm, and it is thick then to cover 5cm
Fine earth, watering, per acre sow 2900 plants；
Leek sowing: the line-spacing in moisture surface with 30cm opens cave plantation leek, and the distance between cave and cave are in every row
15cm, every moisture in the soil plant 4 row konjakus and 3 row leek, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between leek and konjaku；When sowing, 6 are sowed in each cave
Grain Allium tuberasum.seeds, the fine earth of covering 1cm thickness, watering after having sowed；
S5, field management:
Konjaku field management: carrying out first time intertillage, carry out June intertilling for second after konjaku emergence or when konjaku lamina, and 7
Carry out third time intertillage the moon, weeding combines intertillage to carry out；
Leek field management: after the soil of the leek seedling of 60%-70% top, periodically watering to Allium tuberasum.seeds, leek seedling
Watering is primary for 2 days, and leek watering is primary for 6 days；
S6, fertilising: when sowing, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in sowing cave and seed furrow
(NPK15:15:15) 18kg is as base fertilizer；Top dressing, which is taken, sees seedling top dressing, general top dressing 2 times, and the 1st top dressing is in June, in conjunction with removing
Grass, which imposes, mentions seed manure；2nd top dressing is after konjaku lamina, and konjaku is in and changes a phase, generally in mid-August, impose change it is swollen
Big fertilizer；A liquid dung is poured to leek when leek height is 10cm；
S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating konjak soft rot, and konjaku is emerged after lamina, find diseased plant, should pull out immediately
Heart trouble strain, and the place for taking separate plot to is concentrated to destroy by fire, the sick soil in sick cave is removed in time, spreads fertilizer over the fields polynary disappear in sick cave and surrounding
Malicious powder；Selection fair weather sprays the broad spectrum antimicrobial agents (medicine such as Bordeaux mixture, Bravo or carbendazim before konjaku lamina and after lamina
Object spraying concentration is according to product description) prevention and treatment soft rot, it sprayed once, sprays 3 times every 7 days；Leek gathers in the last week extremely
It does not spray insecticide when harvesting；
S8, harvesting:
Konjaku harvesting: after konjaku plant nature sprout tumble 10 days, fair weather is selected to harvest using conventional method, the block of harvesting
Stem is sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
Leek harvesting: it more than 5 leaves and when plant height is greater than 20cm, is gathered in using conventional method.
The PH of plot soil is 6-7 in step S1.
Plot selected by step S1 adds dry fine earth 15kg to mix with 5% phoxim granule 2kg per acre before step S2 progress
It spreads fertilizer over the fields, to prevent bradysia odoriphaga.
It needs to ted 1 day before ganoid konjaku taro sowing in step S3, and is dressed seed with polynary disinfectant powder.
Is impregnated 5 minutes in 40 DEG C of warm water before Allium tuberasum.seeds sowing in step S3, one is stirred when immersion and is lauched, water are waited
After static, the empty grain and some eliminating impurities that float up are fallen；The Allium tuberasum.seeds for disposing sundries, which are placed in 25 DEG C of water, impregnates 9
Hour, after the completion of immersion, the Allium tuberasum.seeds picked up are wrapped with wet gauze and are placed on 12 DEG C of shady place vernalization, later replacement daily
2 wet gauzes, until Allium tuberasum.seeds are more than that can plant after half germinates.
Well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure and the sheep dung that mass ratio is 40:20:20.
The seed manure that mentions in step S6 is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15), and mu applies 18kg.
In step S6 change head expand fertilizer use mass ratio for the wormwood artemisia of 15:10:25:40, sheep dung, cow dung and bubble system and
At mu applies 1200kg.
Liquid dung in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure, sheep dung and the water that mass ratio is 25:15:20:30, and mu applies 1000kg.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and leek, comprising the following steps:
S1, selection of land: selection is warm, wet, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination condition preferably but without intense light irradiation half
The gentle slope of negative half light or mountain valley, soil select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, rich in organic matter and humus, pH value in
Property or subacidity, the sandy loam for not planting allium vegetables for nearly 1 to 2 years；
S2, site preparation: at the end of February deep ploughing to plot selected by step S1 at the beginning of 3 months, shine soil, thin upturned soil, wide with the moisture surface of 1.2m
Ridging, the high 35cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm；
S3, seed selection:
Konjaku seed selection: the new varieties gold ground 1 that disease resistance is strong is selected, the mode of appearance of bulb is round or oval, bud
Nest is small and shallow, bulb enriches, terminal bud it is scarlet it is sturdy, disease-free, without wound, single weight 150g ganoid konjaku taro；
Leek seed selection: select no insect pest, tillering ability are strong, disease resistance is strong, pure color, without mildew, resist cold quality
Good Allium tuberasum.seeds；
S4, sowing:
Konjaku sowing: in mid-March to by the end of April, when surface temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C or more, by the strain of 60cm × 30cm
Line-spacing carries out water furrow planting, and when sowing, ganoid konjaku taro bud nest is put down gently in ditch upward by depth of planting 15cm, and it is thick then to cover 8cm
Fine earth, watering, per acre sow 2900 plants；
Leek sowing: the line-spacing in moisture surface with 30cm opens cave plantation leek, and the distance between cave and cave are in every row
15cm, every moisture in the soil plant 4 row konjakus and 3 row leek, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between leek and konjaku；When sowing, 7 are sowed in each cave
Grain Allium tuberasum.seeds, the fine earth of covering 2cm thickness, watering after having sowed；
S5, field management:
Konjaku field management: carrying out first time intertillage, carry out June intertilling for second after konjaku emergence or when konjaku lamina, and 7
Carry out third time intertillage the moon, weeding combines intertillage to carry out；
Leek field management: after the soil of the leek seedling of 60%-70% top, periodically watering to Allium tuberasum.seeds, leek seedling
Watering is primary for 3 days, and leek watering is primary for 7 days；
S6, fertilising: when sowing, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in sowing cave and seed furrow
(NPK15:15:15) 20kg is as base fertilizer；Top dressing, which is taken, sees seedling top dressing, general top dressing 2 times, and the 1st top dressing is in June, in conjunction with removing
Grass, which imposes, mentions seed manure；2nd top dressing is after konjaku lamina, and konjaku is in and changes a phase, generally in mid-August, impose change it is swollen
Big fertilizer；A liquid dung is poured to leek when leek height is 12cm；
S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating konjak soft rot, and konjaku is emerged after lamina, find diseased plant, should pull out immediately
Heart trouble strain, and the place for taking separate plot to is concentrated to destroy by fire, the sick soil in sick cave is removed in time, spreads fertilizer over the fields polynary disappear in sick cave and surrounding
Malicious powder；Selection fair weather sprays the broad spectrum antimicrobial agents (medicine such as Bordeaux mixture, Bravo or carbendazim before konjaku lamina and after lamina
Object spraying concentration is according to product description) prevention and treatment soft rot, it sprayed once, sprays 4 times every 8 days；Leek gathers in the last week extremely
It does not spray insecticide when harvesting；
S8, harvesting:
Konjaku harvesting: after konjaku plant nature sprout tumble 10 days, fair weather is selected to harvest using conventional method, the block of harvesting
Stem is sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
Leek harvesting: it more than 5 leaves and when plant height is greater than 20cm, is gathered in using conventional method.
The PH of plot soil is 6-7 in step S1.
Plot selected by step S1 adds dry fine earth 13kg to mix with 5% phoxim granule 2kg per acre before step S2 progress
It spreads fertilizer over the fields, to prevent bradysia odoriphaga.
It needs to ted 1 day before ganoid konjaku taro sowing in step S3, and is dressed seed with polynary disinfectant powder.
Is impregnated 8 minutes in 40 DEG C of warm water before Allium tuberasum.seeds sowing in step S3, one is stirred when immersion and is lauched, water are waited
After static, the empty grain and some eliminating impurities that float up are fallen；The Allium tuberasum.seeds for disposing sundries, which are placed in 28 DEG C of water, to be impregnated
10 hours, after the completion of immersion, the Allium tuberasum.seeds picked up is wrapped with wet gauze and are placed on 15 DEG C of shady place vernalization, daily more later
2 wet gauzes are changed, until Allium tuberasum.seeds are more than that can plant after half germinates.
Well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure and the sheep dung that mass ratio is 40:20:20.
The seed manure that mentions in step S6 is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15), and mu applies 20kg.
In step S6 change head expand fertilizer use mass ratio for the wormwood artemisia of 15:10:25:40, sheep dung, cow dung and bubble system and
At mu applies 1250kg.
Liquid dung in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure, sheep dung and the water that mass ratio is 25:15:20:30, and mu applies 1100kg.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and leek, comprising the following steps:
S1, selection of land: selection is warm, wet, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination condition preferably but without intense light irradiation half
The gentle slope of negative half light or mountain valley, soil select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, rich in organic matter and humus, pH value in
Property or subacidity, the sandy loam for not planting allium vegetables for nearly 1 to 2 years；
S2, site preparation: at the end of February deep ploughing to plot selected by step S1 at the beginning of 3 months, shine soil, thin upturned soil, wide with the moisture surface of 1.2m
Ridging, the high 40cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm；
S3, seed selection:
Konjaku seed selection: the new varieties gold ground 1 that disease resistance is strong is selected, the mode of appearance of bulb is round or oval, bud
Nest is small and shallow, bulb enriches, terminal bud it is scarlet it is sturdy, disease-free, without wound, single weight 200g ganoid konjaku taro；
Leek seed selection: select no insect pest, tillering ability are strong, disease resistance is strong, pure color, without mildew, resist cold quality
Good Allium tuberasum.seeds；
S4, sowing:
Konjaku sowing: in mid-March to by the end of April, when surface temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C or more, by the strain of 60cm × 30cm
Line-spacing carries out water furrow planting, and depth of planting 20cm when sowing, ganoid konjaku taro bud nest is put down gently in ditch upward, then covers 10cm
Thick fine earth, watering sow 2900 plants per acre；
Leek sowing: the line-spacing in moisture surface with 30cm opens cave plantation leek, and the distance between cave and cave are in every row
15cm, every moisture in the soil plant 4 row konjakus and 3 row leek, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between leek and konjaku；When sowing, 8 are sowed in each cave
Grain Allium tuberasum.seeds, the fine earth of covering 2cm thickness, watering after having sowed；
S5, field management:
Konjaku field management: carrying out first time intertillage, carry out June intertilling for second after konjaku emergence or when konjaku lamina, and 7
Carry out third time intertillage the moon, weeding combines intertillage to carry out；
Leek field management: after the soil of the leek seedling of 60%-70% top, periodically watering to Allium tuberasum.seeds, leek seedling
Watering is primary for 3 days, and leek watering is primary for 7 days；
S6, fertilising: when sowing, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in sowing cave and seed furrow
(NPK15:15:15) 22kg is as base fertilizer；Top dressing, which is taken, sees seedling top dressing, general top dressing 2 times, and the 1st top dressing is in June, in conjunction with removing
Grass, which imposes, mentions seed manure；2nd top dressing is after konjaku lamina, and konjaku is in and changes a phase, generally in mid-August, impose change it is swollen
Big fertilizer；A liquid dung is poured to leek when leek height is 13cm；
S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating konjak soft rot, and konjaku is emerged after lamina, find diseased plant, should pull out immediately
Heart trouble strain, and the place for taking separate plot to is concentrated to destroy by fire, the sick soil in sick cave is removed in time, spreads fertilizer over the fields polynary disappear in sick cave and surrounding
Malicious powder；Selection fair weather sprays the broad spectrum antimicrobial agents (medicine such as Bordeaux mixture, Bravo or carbendazim before konjaku lamina and after lamina
Object spraying concentration is according to product description) prevention and treatment soft rot, it sprayed once, sprays 5 times every 10 days；Leek gathers in the last week extremely
It does not spray insecticide when harvesting；
S8, harvesting:
Konjaku harvesting: after konjaku plant nature sprout tumble 10 days, fair weather is selected to harvest using conventional method, the block of harvesting
Stem is sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
Leek harvesting: it more than 5 leaves and when plant height is greater than 20cm, is gathered in using conventional method.
The PH of plot soil is 6-7 in step S1.
Plot selected by step S1 adds dry fine earth 10kg to mix with 5% phoxim granule 2kg per acre before step S2 progress
It spreads fertilizer over the fields, to prevent bradysia odoriphaga.
It needs to ted 2 days before ganoid konjaku taro sowing in step S3, and is dressed seed with polynary disinfectant powder.
Is impregnated 10 minutes in 40 DEG C of warm water before Allium tuberasum.seeds sowing in step S3, one is stirred when immersion and is lauched, etc.
After water is static, the empty grain and some eliminating impurities that float up are fallen；The Allium tuberasum.seeds for disposing sundries, which are placed in 30 DEG C of water, to be soaked
Bubble 12 hours after the completion of immersion, the Allium tuberasum.seeds picked up is wrapped with wet gauze and are placed on 18 DEG C of shady place vernalization, daily later
2 wet gauzes are replaced, until Allium tuberasum.seeds are more than that can plant after half germinates.
Well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure and the sheep dung that mass ratio is 40:20:20.
The seed manure that mentions in step S6 is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15), and mu applies 22kg.
In step S6 change head expand fertilizer use mass ratio for the wormwood artemisia of 15:10:25:40, sheep dung, cow dung and bubble system and
At mu applies 1300kg.
Liquid dung in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure, sheep dung and the water that mass ratio is 25:15:20:30, and mu applies 1200kg.
Comparative example 1:
A kind of cultural method of konjaku and corn intercrop, comprising the following steps:
S1, selection of land: selection is warm, wet, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination condition preferably but without intense light irradiation half
The gentle slope of negative half light or mountain valley, soil select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, rich in organic matter and humus, pH value in
Property or subacidity, the sandy loam for not planting allium vegetables for nearly 1 to 2 years；
S2, site preparation: at the end of February deep ploughing to plot selected by step S1 at the beginning of 3 months, shine soil, thin upturned soil, wide with the moisture surface of 1.2m
Ridging, the high 40cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm；
S3, seed selection:
Konjaku seed selection: the new varieties gold ground 1 that disease resistance is strong is selected, the mode of appearance of bulb is round or oval, bud
Nest is small and shallow, bulb enriches, terminal bud it is scarlet it is sturdy, disease-free, without wound, single weight 200g ganoid konjaku taro；
Corn seed selection: selection is high-quality, high yield, the ripe phase is moderate, plant type is compact, suitable for the hybrid maize breeding of dense planting；
S4, sowing:
Konjaku sowing: in mid-March to by the end of April, when surface temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C or more, by the strain of 60cm × 30cm
Line-spacing carries out water furrow planting, and depth of planting 20cm when sowing, ganoid konjaku taro bud nest is put down gently in ditch upward, then covers 10cm
Thick fine earth, watering sow 2900 plants per acre；
Corn seeding: the line-spacing in moisture surface with 30cm opens cave maize planting, and the distance between cave and cave are in every row
15cm, every moisture in the soil plant 4 row konjakus and 3 row corns, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between corn and konjaku；When sowing, sowed in each cave
3-4 corn seeds, mu sow 5000-5500 plants；
S5, field management:
Konjaku field management: carrying out first time intertillage, carry out June intertilling for second after konjaku emergence or when konjaku lamina, and 7
Carry out third time intertillage the moon, weeding combines intertillage to carry out；
Corn field management: field management is carried out using routine techniques；
S6, fertilising:
Konjaku fertilising: when sowing, in seed furrow mu apply well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:
15) 22kg is as base fertilizer；Top dressing, which is taken, sees seedling top dressing, and general top dressing 2 times, the 1st top dressing imposes in conjunction with weeding in June and mention seedling
Fertilizer；2nd top dressing is after konjaku lamina, and konjaku is in and changes a phase, generally in mid-August, imposes and changes head and expand fertilizer；
Corn fertilizing: peasant applies fertilizer by rule of thumb；
S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
The konjaku prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: konjaku is emerged after lamina, finds diseased plant, should pull out primary infection focus immediately, and concentrate and take to
Place far from plot is destroyed by fire, is removed the sick soil in sick cave in time, is spread fertilizer over the fields polynary disinfectant powder in sick cave and surrounding；Before konjaku lamina and
Selecting fair weather to spray the broad spectrum antimicrobial agents such as Bordeaux mixture, Bravo or carbendazim after lamina, (drug spraying concentration is according to production
Product specification) prevention and treatment soft rot, it sprayed once, sprays 5 times every 10 days；
Corn diseases and insect pests prevention and treatment: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out using routine techniques；
S8, harvesting:
Konjaku harvesting: after konjaku plant nature sprout tumble 10 days, fair weather is selected to harvest using conventional method, the block of harvesting
Stem is sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
Leek harvesting: it is harvested using routine techniques.
The PH of plot soil is 6-7 in step S1.
It needs to ted 2 days before ganoid konjaku taro sowing in step S3, and is dressed seed with polynary disinfectant powder.
Well-rotted farmyard manure in step S6 includes cow dung, chicken manure and the sheep dung that mass ratio is 40:20:20.
The seed manure that mentions in step S6 is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15), and mu applies 22kg.
In step S6 change head expand fertilizer use mass ratio for the wormwood artemisia of 15:10:25:40, sheep dung, cow dung and bubble system and
At mu applies 1300kg.
Comparative example 2:
Net kind of konjaku in conventional manner sows 2900 plants per acre, and carries out field management in conventional manner.
Leek with 1 year receive three batches, 5 yuan/kg of unit price calculate, corn with 2 yuan/kg of unit price calculate, Statistics Implementation example 1-3 with
The test effect of comparative example 1-2, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
It can be seen from the data in the table that the cultural method made between konjaku and leek of the invention, can significantly improve the production of konjaku
Amount, reduces the disease incidence of konjak soft rot, and makees to make between konjaku and leek compared to konjaku and corn intercrop between konjaku and leek
Economic benefit obtained is higher.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (9)
1. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku and leek, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1, selection of land: selection is warm, wet, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, half yin half of the illumination condition preferably but without intense light irradiation
The gentle slope of sun or mountain valley, soil select soil layer it is deep, it is loose it is fertile, rich in organic matter and humus, pH value for neutrality or
Subacidity, the sandy loam for not planting allium vegetables for nearly 1 to 2 years；
Site preparation: S2 at the end of February deep ploughs to plot selected by step S1 at the beginning of 3 months, shines soil, thin upturned soil, with the moisture surface of 1.2m wide
Ridge, the high 30-40cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm；
S3, seed selection:
Konjaku seed selection: the new varieties gold ground 1 that disease resistance is strong is selected, the mode of appearance of bulb is round or oval, bud nest is small
And shallow, bulb enriches, terminal bud it is scarlet it is sturdy, disease-free, without wound, single weight 100-200g ganoid konjaku taro；
Leek seed selection: select no insect pest, tillering ability are strong, disease resistance is strong, pure color, without mildew, resist cold quality it is good
Allium tuberasum.seeds；
S4, sowing:
Konjaku sowing: in mid-March to by the end of April, when surface temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C or more, by the seeding row spacing of 60cm × 30cm
Water furrow planting is carried out, depth of planting 10-20cm when sowing, ganoid konjaku taro bud nest is put down gently in ditch upward, then covers 5-10cm
Thick fine earth, watering sow 2900 plants per acre；
Leek sowing: the line-spacing in moisture surface with 30cm opens cave plantation leek, and the distance between cave and cave are 15cm in every row, often
Moisture in the soil plants 4 row konjakus and 3 row leek, i.e., line-spacing is 15cm between leek and konjaku；6-8 fragrant-flowered garlic are sowed when sowing, in each cave
Colza, the fine earth of covering 1-2cm thickness, watering after having sowed；
S5, field management:
Konjaku field management: carrying out first time intertillage, carry out June intertilling for second after konjaku emergence or when konjaku lamina, July into
Row third time is intertilled, and weeding combines intertillage to carry out；
Leek field management: after the soil of the leek seedling of 60%-70% top, periodically watering to Allium tuberasum.seeds, the watering of leek seedling
Primary for 2-3 days, leek watering is primary for 6-7 days；
S6, fertilising: when sowing, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in sowing cave and seed furrow
(NPK15:15:15) 18-22kg is as base fertilizer；Top dressing, which is taken, sees seedling top dressing, general top dressing 2 times, the 1st top dressing in June, in conjunction with
Weeding, which imposes, mentions seed manure；2nd top dressing is after konjaku lamina, and konjaku is in and changes a phase, generally in mid-August, imposes and changes head
Expand fertilizer；A liquid dung is poured to leek when leek height is 10-13cm；
S7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly preventing and treating konjak soft rot, and konjaku is emerged after lamina, finds diseased plant, should pull out middle heart trouble immediately
Strain, and the place for taking separate plot to is concentrated to destroy by fire, the sick soil in sick cave is removed in time, spreads fertilizer over the fields polynary disinfection in sick cave and surrounding
Powder；Selection fair weather sprays the broad spectrum antimicrobial agents (drug such as Bordeaux mixture, Bravo or carbendazim before konjaku lamina and after lamina
Spraying concentration is according to product description) prevention and treatment soft rot, it sprayed once, sprays 3-5 times every 7-10 days；Leek gathers in the last week
To harvesting when do not spray insecticide；
S8, harvesting:
Konjaku harvesting: after konjaku plant nature sprout tumble 10 days, fair weather is selected to harvest using conventional method, the stem tuber of harvesting is pressed
Size is sorted, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
Leek harvesting: it more than 5 leaves and when plant height is greater than 20cm, is gathered in using conventional method.
2. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 1 and leek, it is characterised in that: plot in step S1
The PH of soil is 6-7.
3. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 1 and leek, it is characterised in that: the chosen place step S1
Block adds dry fine earth 10-15kg mixing to spread fertilizer over the fields, to prevent bradysia odoriphaga with 5% phoxim granule 2kg per acre before step S2 progress.
4. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 1 and leek, it is characterised in that: the kind in step S3
It needs to ted 1-2 days before taro sowing, and is dressed seed with polynary disinfectant powder.
5. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 and leek, it is characterised in that: step
To be impregnated 5-10 minutes in 40 DEG C of warm water before Allium tuberasum.seeds sowing in rapid S3, when immersion, stirs one and is lauched, after waiting water static,
The empty grain and some eliminating impurities that float up are fallen；The Allium tuberasum.seeds for disposing sundries, which are placed in 25-30 DEG C of water, impregnates 9-12
Hour, after the completion of immersion, the Allium tuberasum.seeds picked up are wrapped with wet gauze and are placed on 12-18 DEG C of shady place vernalization, daily later
2 wet gauzes are replaced, until Allium tuberasum.seeds are more than that can plant after half germinates.
6. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 5 and leek, it is characterised in that: the corruption in step S6
Ripe farmyard manure includes cow dung, chicken manure and the sheep dung that mass ratio is 40:20:20.
7. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 6 and leek, it is characterised in that: mentioning in step S6
Seed manure is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15), and mu applies 18-22kg.
8. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku according to claim 6 and leek, it is characterised in that: changing in step S6
Head expands fertilizer and mass ratio is used to form for the wormwood artemisia of 15:10:25:40, sheep dung, cow dung and bubble system, and mu applies 1200-1300kg.
9. the cultural method made between a kind of konjaku and leek described according to claim 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterised in that: step S6
In liquid dung include cow dung, chicken manure, sheep dung and water that mass ratio is 25:15:20:30, mu applies 1000-1200kg.
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| CN115191304B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-06-16 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Method for efficiently inducing young konjak to bloom and seed |
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