CN109072068A - 用于密封量子点的流变改性剂 - Google Patents
用于密封量子点的流变改性剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109072068A CN109072068A CN201780027460.5A CN201780027460A CN109072068A CN 109072068 A CN109072068 A CN 109072068A CN 201780027460 A CN201780027460 A CN 201780027460A CN 109072068 A CN109072068 A CN 109072068A
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- Prior art keywords
- fluoropolymer resin
- block
- resin according
- styrene
- graft copolymer
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
一种聚合物树脂,其包括:(a)量子点,(b)式(I)的化合物其中R1是氢或甲基,并且R2是C6‑C20脂肪族多环取代基,以及(c)嵌段或接枝共聚物,其具有50,000到400,000的Mn并且包括10wt%到100wt%的苯乙烯聚合单元和0wt%到90wt%的非苯乙烯嵌段;其中所述非苯乙烯嵌段的范克雷维伦溶解度参数是15.0(J/cm3)1/2到17.5(J/cm3)1/2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于制备含有量子点的多层聚合物复合材料的方法的流变改性剂。
背景技术
半导体量子点(QD)提供显著不同于块体材料的光学吸收和发射(光致发光PL或电致发光EL)特性。随着粒度减小,有效能带隙(Eg)或可用能级增加,并且产生蓝移的PL光谱。相同材料内通过粒度相关的量子限制效应实现的此光谱可调谐性是优于常规块体半导体的关键优势。由于其独特的光学性质,QD在多种显示和照明应用中受到极大关注。大多数QD具有无机壳体,其具有较大带隙材料以将电子和空穴对限制于核心区域内并且防止任何表面电荷态。外部壳体随后由有机配位体覆盖以减少壳体的陷阱态,所述陷阱态可能会导致量子产率(QY)降低。有机配位体帮助QD分散于有机/水性溶剂中。包围QD的典型有机配位体具有相对长的烷基链,其提供非极性溶剂或单体中的高溶解度。不幸地,QD在光吸收/转换过程期间极易受光氧化影响。此外,当配位体不相容时,湿气可能具有类似影响。QD通常被密封在聚合物基质中以保护它们免受水和氧气的不利影响。举例来说,US2010/0084629公开了多种聚合物作为密封剂。然而,此参考文献未公开本文所描述的聚合物组合物。
发明内容
本发明提供一种聚合物树脂,其包括:
(a)量子点,
(b)式(I)的化合物
其中R1是氢或甲基,并且R2是C6-C20脂肪族多环取代基,以及
(c)嵌段或接枝共聚物,其具有50,000到400,000的Mn并且包括10wt%到100wt%的苯乙烯聚合单元和0wt%到90wt%的非苯乙烯嵌段;其中所述非苯乙烯嵌段的范克雷维伦(van Krevelen)溶解度参数是15.0(J/cm3)1/2到17.5(J/cm3)1/2。
本发明进一步提供一种聚合物树脂,其包括:
(a)量子点,
(b)式(I)的化合物,以及
(c)均聚物或无规共聚物,其Mn大于聚合物临界分子量Mc并且范克雷维伦溶解度参数是16.5(J/cm3)1/2到20.0(J/cm3)1/2。
具体实施方式
除非另外规定,否则百分比是重量百分比(wt%)并且温度以℃为单位。除非另外规定,否则在室温(20℃到25℃)下进行操作。在大气压(约101kPa)下测量沸点。“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。量子点在本领域中是众所周知的,参见例如US2012/0113672。通过尺寸排阻色谱法测量数均分子量Mn。以全部聚合物的干重计,烃聚合物是具有不超过5wt%、优选不超过3wt%、优选不超过1wt%的除氢和碳之外的元素的聚合物。
范克雷维伦溶解度参数由Bicerano(《聚合物特性预测(Prediction of PolymerProperties)》,第3版,Marcel Dekker,纽约,2002,第5章)描述并且列在关于多种商业相关的聚合物的同一本书的表5.2(“δ2”)中。对于具有已知单体化学结构的任意聚合物,可以使用相同参考文献中概述的算法或使用Materials Studio软件Synthia模块(http:// accelrys.com/products/collaborative-science/biovia-materials-studio/polymers- and-classical-simulation-software.html)来计算范克雷维伦型溶解度参数。对于无规共聚物,共聚物溶解度参数可以按其共聚单体的溶解度参数的重量平均值计算。
如Bicerano(《聚合物特性预测》,第3版,Marcel Dekker,纽约,2002,第11章和第13章)所描述而计算临界分子量Mc。举例来说,对于聚苯乙烯(PS),Mc=30kg/mol,对于聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA),Mc=18kg/mol等。对于具有已知单体化学结构的任意聚合物,可以使用相同参考文献中概述的算法或使用Materials Studio软件Synthia模块(http://accelrys.com/products/collaborative-science/biovia-materials-studio/polymers-and-classical-simulation-software.html)来计算临界分子量。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,使用本发明树脂制成的聚合物复合材料是多层组件的一部分,所述多层组件还包括在聚合物复合材料的每一侧上的外层。优选地,外层是隔氧层,其也抑制湿气通过。优选地,外层包括聚合物膜,优选包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚芳基醚酮、聚酰亚胺、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯乙烯或其组合的聚合物膜。优选地,外层进一步包括氧化物或氮化物,优选包括氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氮化硅或其组合。优选地,氧化物或氮化物涂布于聚合物膜的面向QD层的表面上。优选地,每个外层包括厚度是25微米到150微米(优选50微米到100微米)的聚合物膜和厚度是10nm到100nm(优选30nm到70nm)的氧化物/氮化物层。在本发明的一些优选实施例中,外层包括至少两个聚合物膜层和/或至少两个氧化物/氮化物层;不同层可能具有不同组成。优选地,外层具有极低的氧气透过率(OTR,<10-1cc/m2/天)和低水蒸气透过率(WVTR,<10-2g/m2/天)。优选地,外层中的聚合物膜的Tg是60℃到200℃;优选至少90℃,优选至少100℃。
优选地,本发明的聚合物复合材料的厚度是10微米到500微米、优选至少20微米,优选至少30微米,优选至少40微米;优选不超过400微米,优选不超过300微米,优选不超过200微米,优选不超过150微米。优选地,每个外层的厚度是20微米到100微米、优选25微米到75微米。
优选地,通过使通过混合单体、QD和其它任选的添加剂制备的树脂进行自由基聚合来制备本发明的聚合物复合材料。优选地,通过例如旋涂、槽模涂布、凹版印刷、喷墨和喷涂等典型方法将树脂涂布于第一外层上,随后使其固化。优选地,通过使树脂暴露于紫外光或热、优选紫外光、优选在UVA范围内的紫外光来引发固化。
优选地,R2是C7-C17脂肪族多环取代基,优选地,R2是C8-C15脂肪族多环取代基。优选地,R2是桥接多环取代基;优选双环、三环或四环取代基;优选双环或三环取代基。优选地,R2是饱和脂肪族取代基。R2的优选结构包含例如金刚烷、双环[2,2,1]烷、双环[2,2,2]烷、双环[2,1,1]烷和三环癸烷(例如三环[5,2,1,02,6]癸烷);这些结构可以被烷基、烷氧基、羟基或(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代(即,式(I)的化合物可以具有至少两个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基;优选不超过两个);优选烷基和烷氧基具有一到六个碳原子,优选一到四个碳原子。三环癸烷和双环[2,2,1]烷是尤其优选的,特别是三环[5,2,1,02,6]癸烷、二甲基丙烯酸二甲醇酯和丙烯酸异冰片酯。式(I)的多于一种化合物可以存在于树脂中。优选地,树脂包括具有一个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基的式(I)的化合物和具有两个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基的式(I)的化合物;优选地,重量比分别是100:1到1:20;优选10:1到1:15。
优选地,聚合物树脂包括式(I)的70wt%到95wt%的化合物;优选至少73wt%,优选至少76wt%,优选至少79wt%;优选不超过93wt%,优选不超过91wt%,优选不超过89wt%。
优选地,本发明的聚合物树脂包括0.01wt%到5wt%的量子点,优选至少0.03wt%,优选至少0.05wt%;优选不超过4wt%,优选不超过3wt%,优选不超过2wt%。优选地,量子点包括CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、GaN、GaP、GaAs、InP、InAs或其组合。
优选地,围绕量子点的无机部分的配位体具有非极性组分。优选的配位体包含例如三辛基氧化膦、十二硫醇和脂肪酸盐(例如硬脂酸盐、油酸盐)。
优选地,嵌段或接枝共聚物是烃聚合物。将嵌段或接枝聚合物作为流变改性剂(即,增稠剂)添加到聚合物树脂中。优选地,嵌段或接枝聚合物包括至少15wt%的苯乙烯,优选至少20wt%,优选至少25wt%;优选不超过90wt%,优选不超过80wt%,优选不超过70wt%,优选不超过60wt%,优选不超过50wt%,优选不超过45wt%。优选地,嵌段或接枝聚合物包括至少10wt%的非苯乙烯嵌段,优选至少20wt%,优选至少30wt%,优选至少40wt%,优选至少50wt%,优选至少55wt%;优选不超过85wt%,优选不超过80wt%,优选不超过75wt%,优选不超过60wt%,优选不超过50wt%,优选不超过45wt%。优选地,共聚物中的非苯乙烯单体(非苯乙烯嵌段)是烯烃、二烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、硅氧烷或其组合;优选烯烃和/或二烯。优选地,共聚物中的非苯乙烯包括C2-C8烯烃和/或二烯、优选C2-C5烯烃和/或二烯的聚合单元。优选地,嵌段或接枝聚合物是嵌段共聚物。优选地,C2-C8烯烃和/或二烯选自乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异戊二烯和丁二烯。优选地,嵌段或接枝聚合物的Mn为至少60,000,优选至少70,000,优选至少80,000;优选不超过350,000,优选不超过300,000,优选不超过250,000。
优选地,非苯乙烯嵌段的范克雷维伦溶解度参数小于17.2(J/cm3)1/2,优选小于17(J/cm3)1/2,优选小于16.5(J/cm3)1/2;优选至少15.5(J/cm3)1/2。
优选地,Mn大于聚合物临界分子量Mc的均聚物或无规共聚物的范克雷维伦溶解度参数不超过19.5(J/cm3)1/2;优选至少17(J/cm3)1/2,优选至少17.5(J/cm3)1/2,优选至少18.0(J/cm3)1/2。优选地,Mn是Mc的至少1.5倍,优选至少两倍;优选不超过Mc的20倍,优选不超过十倍。Mn大于Mc的优选聚合物包含例如包括苯乙烯、烯烃、二烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、硅氧烷或其组合的聚合单元的那些聚合物。聚苯乙烯的Mc为30,000kDa。
可以并入本发明的聚合物复合材料中的其它添加剂包含用以改善光提取的UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂和散射剂。
聚合物复合材料的优选形式包含例如膜、珠粒、条带、棒、方块和板。聚合物复合材料适用于多种应用,包含例如显示、照明和医疗应用。优选的显示应用包含公共信息显示器、标牌、电视、监视器、手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、汽车仪表盘和手表。
实例
实例的样品制备
A)液体样品制备
所有QD树脂样品均在惰性环境下制备。通过使用磁力搅拌在80℃下混合约30分钟,使苯乙烯类聚合物溶解于丙烯酸异冰片酯中。在将除量子点外的所有组分都装载到钳口小瓶之后,使小瓶脱气并且使用双轴行星式混合器(Thinky ARE-310)混合3到5分钟。将量子点预分散于丙烯酸异冰片酯中,然后与其它组分混合,随后滚轧1小时。
B)膜样品制备
通过层压在两个i-Component PET屏障膜之间的树脂配制物来制备所有样品。在底膜上施配约2mL树脂并且顶部用间隙涂布棒施加,所述涂布棒具有基于所希望的膜厚度的间隙设置。使样品在Fusion UV F300S固化系统中以约400mJ/cm2的UVA固化。随后将膜切成用于量子产率测量的约0.2"方形片和用于光氧化测试的1×1"方形片。还通过在玻璃上涂布树脂配制物,随后在FUSION UV SYSTEMS,INC(DRS-10/12QNH)中以约400mJ/cm2的UVA固化来制备独立膜。随后将独立膜从玻璃上剥离并且在23℃下将其用于使用具有3%O2和97%N2的Mocon ox-tran模型2/21的O2渗透性测试。
C)特征化
通过博勒飞(Brookfield)DV-II+粘度计测量粘度。使用AR G2流变仪在20℃下进行树脂的频率扫描和稳态流动实验。用滨松(Hamamatsu)C9920-02G积分球测量液体和膜的光致发光量子产率(PLQY)、峰值发射波长(PWL)和发射峰的半峰全宽(FWHM)。通过用测微计测量固化膜并且随后减去屏障膜厚度来确定膜厚度。通过对裸背光单元上老化的1"×1"样品进行图像分析来确定边缘入口。使用尺寸排阻色谱法来确定聚合物的数均分子量(Mn)和多分散性(PDI),所述色谱排阻色谱法配备有在35℃下、1.0mL/分钟下具有的稳定四氢呋喃的混合A PLgel 20um×300mm×7.5mm(×2+保护)柱和折射率检测器(对照聚苯乙烯标准)。
D)化学组成说明:
*来自KRATON的数据
SEBS:苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯;SEP:苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯;EP:乙烯/丙烯
实例1(1001配制物):气相二氧化硅与KRATON嵌段共聚物(苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS))的比较
KRATON嵌段共聚物显示出比无机气相二氧化硅高的丙烯酸单体粘度增强。KRATON嵌段共聚物和一些无机气相二氧化硅均显示出与QD的相容性。
实例2(1031配制物)
KRATON与较低MW丙烯酸酯低聚物的比较
与测试的较低MW丙烯酸酯低聚物相比,KRATON G1652显示出与QD的较高相容性(较高QY、较低峰值波长和FWHM)。
实例3(1104配制物)
具有不同MW的两种KRATON嵌段共聚物的比较
具有类似的苯乙烯组合物但较高的MW(也由甲苯中的溶液粘度和熔融指数指示)的KRATON SEBS嵌段共聚物G1650显示出丙烯酸酯类QD树脂的较高粘度增强
实例4(0421配制物)
与单种单体混合的不同KRATON聚合物与苯乙烯均聚物的比较
KRATON嵌段共聚物一般与IBOA中的QD相容,如由PLQY、PLmax和FWHM所示。
与单体和交联剂的混合物以及单种交联剂混合的不同KRATON聚合物与苯乙烯均聚物的比较
具有高于12%的苯乙烯组成的KRATON嵌段共聚物可溶于IBOA:SR-833(1:1)混合物中,而具有高于26%的苯乙烯组成的那些KRATON嵌段共聚物可溶于SR-833中。
实例5(0528配制物)
全树脂/膜配制物中的两种不同KRATON嵌段共聚物的比较
用具有较高MW和较高苯乙烯含量的KRATON A1535替代KRATON G1652导致流变改性剂装载量较低以获得相当的树脂粘度、相当的PLQY,并且导致在60℃和90RH%下老化的QD膜的边缘入口较低。
配制物A | 配制物B | |
Nanoco CFQD<sup>TM</sup>量子点 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
丙烯酸异冰片酯 | 51.3 | 43.8 |
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 | 40 | 40 |
Irgacure I-819 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
KRATON A1535共聚物 | 3.5 | 0 |
KRATON G1652共聚物 | 0 | 11 |
Finex 30S-LP2氧化锌粉末 | 2 | 2 |
Tinuvin 123 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
在25℃下的粘度(cP) | PLQY | |
配制物A | 877 | 53.2 |
配制物B | 918 | 53.6 |
在60℃,90%湿度箱加速测试后的边缘入口
72小时 | 168小时 | 336小时 | 504小时 | |
配制物A | 0.62 | 1.27 | 1.98 | 2.84 |
配制物B | 0.93 | 1.80 | 2.77 | 3.89 |
实例6
膜中的两种不同KRATON嵌段共聚物的比较(阻隔性)
用具有较高MW和较高苯乙烯含量的KRATON A1535替代KRATON G1652引起膜对O2更好的阻隔,这与QD膜在加速测试中的较低边缘入口一致。
材料 | 配制物A | 配制物B |
丙烯酸异冰片酯 | 53.0 | 57.0 |
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 | 30.0 | 32.3 |
KRATON A1535 | 3.2 | 0 |
KRATON G1652 | 0 | 9.5 |
Finex 30S LP2 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
I-819 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
实例7
树脂中的两种不同KRATON嵌段共聚物的比较(流变性)
材料 | 配制物A | 配制物B |
丙烯酸异冰片酯 | 51.4 | 47.6 |
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 | 45.6 | 42.4 |
KRATON A1535 | 3 | 0 |
KRATON G1652 | 0 | 10 |
丙烯酸异冰片酯和三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯与3%KRATON A1535的混合物在20℃下显示出流变简单性(即,它遵循“考克斯-梅兹规则(Cox-Merz rule)”,随频率而变的复数粘度与随剪切速率而变的剪应力粘度重叠),其表明简单的聚合物流体(《复杂流体的结构和流变学(The structure and rheology of complex fluids)》,Oxford,纽约,1999,第1章),而丙烯酸异冰片酯和三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯与10%KRATON G1652的混合物则不显示。具有流变简单性的简单聚合物流体优选用于树脂的粘度控制。
3%KRATON A1535
10%KRATON G1652
Claims (10)
1.一种聚合物树脂,其包括:
(a)量子点,
(b)式(I)的化合物
其中R1是氢或甲基,并且R2是C6-C20脂肪族多环取代基,以及
(c)嵌段或接枝共聚物,其具有50,000到400,000的Mn并且包括10wt%到100wt%的苯乙烯聚合单元和0wt%到90wt%的非苯乙烯嵌段;其中所述非苯乙烯嵌段的范克雷维伦溶解度参数是15.0(J/cm3)1/2到17.5(J/cm3)1/2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物树脂,其中R2是C7-C17桥接多环取代基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚合物树脂,其中所述嵌段或接枝共聚物是烃聚合物,所述烃聚合物包括至少20wt%的苯乙烯聚合单元和烯烃、二烯或其组合的聚合单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚合物树脂,其包括式(I)的70wt%到95wt%的所述化合物、1wt%到20wt%的所述嵌段或接枝共聚物、0.01wt%到5wt%的量子点以及0.3wt%到5wt%的固化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的聚合物树脂,其中R2具有双环[2,2,1]烷或三环癸烷环系统。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚合物树脂,其中所述嵌段或接枝共聚物的Mn是60,000到300,000。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚合物树脂,其中所述嵌段或接枝共聚物具有至少20%的苯乙烯聚合单元和不超过80wt%的单体的聚合单元,所述单体选自由以下组成的群组:C2-C8烯烃和C2-C8二烯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的聚合物树脂,其中所述C2-C8烯烃和二烯选自由以下组成的群组:乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异戊二烯以及丁二烯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的聚合物树脂,其中所述烃聚合物的Mn是70,000到250,000。
10.一种聚合物树脂,其包括:
(a)量子点,
(b)式(I)的化合物
以及
(c)均聚物或无规共聚物,其Mn大于聚合物临界分子量Mc并且范克雷维伦溶解度参数是16.5(J/cm3)1/2到20.0(J/cm3)1/2。
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CN111416024A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-14 | 南方科技大学 | 一种量子点led显示器件的晶圆级封装方法 |
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