CN105985672A - 用于封装量子点的多层聚合物复合材料 - Google Patents

用于封装量子点的多层聚合物复合材料 Download PDF

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CN105985672A
CN105985672A CN201610128526.7A CN201610128526A CN105985672A CN 105985672 A CN105985672 A CN 105985672A CN 201610128526 A CN201610128526 A CN 201610128526A CN 105985672 A CN105985672 A CN 105985672A
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polymer composites
composites according
methyl
polymer
quantum dot
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CN105985672B (zh
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Z·白
J·朱
I-K·宋
J·泰勒
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ROHM and HAAS ELECT MATERIALS
Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Korea Ltd
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC
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ROHM and HAAS ELECT MATERIALS
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC
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Abstract

一种聚合物复合材料，其包含量子点和至少一种式(I)化合物的聚合单元其中R1是氢或甲基并且R2是C6-C20脂肪族多环取代基。

Description

用于封装量子点的多层聚合物复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备含有量子点的多层聚合物复合材料的方法。
背景技术
半导体量子点(QD)提供显著不同于块体材料的光学吸收和发射(光致发光PL或电致发光EL)特性。随着粒度减小，有效能带隙(Eg)或可用能级增加，并且产生蓝移的PL光谱。相同材料内通过粒度依赖性量子限制效应的此光谱可调谐性是优于常规块体半导体的关键优势。由于其独特光学性质，QD在多种显示和照明应用中引起巨大关注。大多数QD具有无机壳体，其具有较大带隙材料以将电子和空穴对限制于核心区域内并且防止任何表面电荷状态。外部壳体随后由有机配位体覆盖以减少壳体的俘获状态，所述俘获状态可能会导致量子产率(QY)降低。有机配位体帮助QD分散于有机/水性溶剂中。包围QD的典型有机配位体具有相对长的烷基链，其提供于非极性溶剂或单体中的高溶解度。不幸地，QD在光吸收/转换过程期间极易受光氧化影响。此外，当配位体不相容时，湿气可能具有类似影响。QD典型地封装于聚合物基质中以保护其免于水和氧气的不良作用。举例来说，US2010/0084629公开多种聚合物作为封装剂。然而，此参考文献未公开本文所描述的聚合物组合物。
发明内容
本发明提供一种聚合物复合材料，其包含量子点和式(I)化合物的聚合单元
其中R1是氢或甲基并且R2是C6-C20脂肪族多环取代基。
具体实施方式
除非另外规定，否则百分比是重量百分比(重量％)，并且温度以℃为单位。除非另外规定，否则操作在室温(20-25℃)下进行。沸点在大气压(约101kPa)下测量。术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”意指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。量子点在本领域中是众所周知的，参看例如US2012/0113672。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，聚合物复合材料是多层组合件的一部分，所述多层组合件在聚合物复合材料的每一侧上还包含外层。优选地，外层是氧气屏障，其也抑制湿气的通过。优选地，外层包含聚合物薄膜，优选地包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚芳基醚酮、聚酰亚胺、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯乙烯或其组合的聚合物薄膜。优选地，外层进一步包含氧化物或氮化物，优选地硅氧化物、二氧化钛、氧化铝、硅氮化物或其组合。优选地，氧化物或氮化物涂布于聚合物薄膜的面向QD层的表面上。优选地，每个外层包含厚度是25到150微米(优选地50到100微米)的聚合物薄膜和厚度是10到100nm(优选地30到70nm)的氧化物/氮化物层。在本发明的一些优选实施例中，外层包含至少两个聚合物薄膜层和/或至少两个氧化物/氮化物层；不同层可能具有不同组成。优选地，外层具有极低氧气透过率(OTR，＜10-1cc/m2/天)和低水蒸气透过率(WVTR，＜10-2g/m2/天)。优选地，外层中的聚合物薄膜具有60到200℃、优选地至少90℃、优选地至少100℃的Tg。
优选地，本发明的聚合物复合材料的厚度是10到500微米、优选地至少20微米、优选地至少30微米、优选地至少40微米；优选地不超过400微米、优选地不超过300微米、优选地不超过200微米、优选地不超过150微米。优选地，每个外层的厚度是20到100微米、优选地25到75微米。
优选地，本发明的聚合物复合材料通过使通过混合单体、QD和其它任选的添加剂制备的树脂自由基聚合而制备。优选地，树脂在固化之前通过典型方法(例如旋转涂布、狭缝涂布、凹版印刷、喷墨和喷涂)涂布于第一外层上。优选地，固化通过将树脂暴露于紫外光或热量、优选地紫外光、优选地UVA范围中的紫外光而引发。
优选地，R2是C7-C17脂肪族多环取代基，优选地，R2是C8-C15脂肪族多环取代基。优选地，R2是桥连多环取代基；优选地双环、三环或四环取代基；优选地双环或三环取代基。优选地，R2是饱和脂肪族取代基。R2的优选结构包括例如金刚烷、双环[2，2，1]烷、双环[2，2，2]烷、双环[2，1，1]烷和三环癸烷(例如，三环[5，2，1，02，6]癸烷)；这些结构可以经烷基、烷氧基、羟基或(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代(即，式(I)化合物可以具有至少两个、优选地不超过两个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基)；优选地，烷基和烷氧基具有一到六个、优选地一到四个碳原子。三环癸烷和双环[2，2，1]烷是尤其优选的，特别是三环[5，2，1，02，6]癸烷、二甲醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸异冰片酯。优选地，内层包含具有一个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基的式(I)化合物和具有两个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基的式(I)化合物的聚合单元；优选地重量比分别是100∶1到1∶5、优选地10∶1到1∶2。
优选地，本发明的聚合物复合材料包含0.01到5重量％、优选地至少0.03重量％、优选地至少0.05重量％、优选地不超过4重量％、优选地不超过3重量％、优选地不超过2重量％的量子点。优选地，量子点包含CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、GaN、GaP、GaAs、InP、InAs或其组合。
优选地，包围量子点的无机部分的配位体具有非极性组分。优选的配位体包括例如三辛基氧化膦、十二硫醇和脂肪酸盐(例如，硬脂酸盐、油酸盐)。
可以并入到本发明的聚合物复合材料中的其它添加剂包括uv稳定剂、抗氧化剂、改良光提取的散射剂和增加粘度的增稠剂(例如，丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯寡聚物)。优选的增稠剂包括丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯、纤维素醚、纤维素丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯聚合物、聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、丙烯酸树脂和聚烯烃弹性体。优选地，聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸和聚烯烃增稠剂具有50,000到400,000、优选地100,000到200,000的Mw。优选地，纤维素醚具有1,000到100,000的Mw。
丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯寡聚物可以是聚酯型、聚醚型、聚丁二烯型或聚己内酯型。其可以具有双官能、三官能、六官能反应性。寡聚物的粘度在50C下可以在1000到200,000cps范围内。对于非极性配位体QD，聚丁二烯型是优选的。
优选地，第一内层包含1到60重量％、优选地至少5重量％、优选地至少10重量％、优选地不超过50重量％、优选地不超过40重量％的丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯。
聚合物复合材料的优选形式包括例如薄膜、珠粒、条带、杆、方块和板。聚合物复合材料适用于多种应用，包括例如显示、照明和医疗应用。优选的显示应用包括公众信息显示器、标牌、电视、监视器、移动电话、平板计算机、膝上型计算机、汽车仪表盘和手表。
实例
实例的样品制备
通过在两个i-Component PET屏障薄膜之间层压树脂配制品来制备所有样品。将约2mL树脂分配于底部薄膜上，并且用间隙涂布棒基于所要薄膜厚度用间隙设置(10密耳-12密耳)涂覆顶部。除非另外指出，否则在Fusion UV F300S固化系统中用UVA 400mJ/cm2固化样品。通过用测微计测量固化薄膜并且随后减去屏障薄膜厚度来测定薄膜厚度。用滨松(Hamamatsu)C9920-02G积分球测量光致发光量子产率(PLQY)、峰值发射波长(PWL)和发射峰的半峰全宽(FWHM)。通过对裸背光单元上老化的1″×1″样品进行图像分析来测定边缘入口。
实例1：将线性脂肪族单体与环脂肪族单体比较
固化条件：UVA 400mJ/cm2×4次
配制品A 配制品B 配制品C 配制品D
Nanoco CFQD1量子点 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
丙烯酸月桂酯 35.8 0 0 0
丙烯酸异冰片酯 0 35.8 32.7 29.6
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 0 0 5 10
Irgacure I-819 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯) 4 4 4 4
三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯 14 14 14 14
CN996寡聚物 42 42 40.1 38.2
BaSO4 1 1 1 1
1.如US7588828中所描述的无镉量子点
CN996寡聚物是来自美国沙多玛(Sartomer America)的脂肪族丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯寡聚物。
涂层厚度：
薄膜ID QD显示器薄膜厚度mm
配制品A 0.117
配制品B 0.110
配制品C 0.135
配制品D 0.121
在1000Cd/m2蓝色BLU之后的边缘入口损坏
24小时 96小时 120小时 168小时 336小时
配制品A 0.764417 1.276159 1.727667 2.248431
配制品B 0 0.336642 0.414909 0.46959
配制品C 0 0.333269 0.382147 0.435117
配制品D 0 0.26699 0.294882 0.427014
实例2：具有抗氧化剂(Irgafos 168)和光稳定剂(Tinuvin 5100)的树脂的实例
1 2 3
Nanoco CFQD量子点 0.14 0.14 0.14
丙烯酸异冰片酯 46.61 46.11 45.11
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 30 30 30
Irgacure I-819 1.5 1.5 1.5
Irgafos 168 0 0.5 0
Tinuvin 5100 0 0 1.5
BR-641D寡聚物 17 17 17
Tipure 706TiO2粒子 7.5 7.5 7.5
BR-641D寡聚物是来自戴马士(Dymax)的聚丁二烯丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯寡聚物。
Tipure 706可购自杜邦(Dupont)。
固化：400mJ/cm2，单程
ID 平均值(μm)
1 60
2 72
3 58
PL QY QY标准差 PWL FWHM
1 37.77 1.86 517.95 57.76
2 42.77 1.17 518.20 56.55
3 42.53 0.65 519.68 55.07
实例3：
用聚合物粘度改性剂(Kraton G1650)制备的树脂的实例
配制品A 配制品B
Nanoco CFQDTM量子点 0.2 0.2
丙烯酸异冰片酯 68.5 58.7
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 20 30
Irgacure I-819 1.5 1.5
Kraton G1650 7.8 7.6
Zoco 101ZnO粒子 2 2
Zoco101可购自左赫姆(Zochem)。
ID 平均值(μm)
配制品A 39
配制品B 22
PL QY PWL FWHM
配制品A 41.4 638.9 59.6
配制品B 40.5 648.3 61.4
实例4：
用各种比率的环脂肪族单体制备的树脂的实例
1 2 3 4
Nanoco CFQD量子点 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
丙烯酸异冰片酯 60.7 50.7 40.7 30.7
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 20 30 40 50
Irgacure I-819 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
BR-641D寡聚物 17 17 17 17
Tipure 706TiO2粒子 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
ID 平均值(μm)
1 132
2 133
3 107
4 123
在60℃/90％相对湿度中储存之后的边缘入口损坏(mm)
实例5：
用小负载量的线性脂肪族单体作为相容添加剂制备的树脂的实例
7 9
Nanoco CFQDTM量子点 0.04 0.04
丙烯酸异冰片酯 53.71 49.73
甲基丙烯酸月桂酯 0 3.96
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 19 19
Irgacure I-819 1.5 1.5
BR-641D寡聚物 25 25
Tipure 706TiO2粒子 0.75 0.75
ID 平均值(μm)
7 53
9 45
PL QY QY标准差 PWL FWHM
7 32.9 0.44 637.7 66.6
9 36.9 0.55 637.4 64.1
实例6：用两种不同量子点混合物制备的树脂的实例
1
Nanoco CFQDTM绿色量子点 0.28
Nanoco CFQDTM红色量子点 0.07
丙烯酸异冰片酯 40.525
三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯 30
Irgacure I-819 15
Kraton G1652 9.125
TINUVIN 123 1.5
Zoco 101ZnO粒子 3.5
ID 平均值(μm)
1 104
将固化膜放置于基于蓝色LED的背光单元(BLU)的光导板与棱镜薄膜/亮度提升薄膜之间。使用GL Spectis分光辐射度计测量BLU光谱。基于BLU光谱和可用彩色滤光片数据集计算最终光谱的色彩坐标和色域覆盖率。
CIEx CIEy CIEz
BLU白色 0.251 0.239 0.510
CIEx CIEy CIEz
面板蓝色 0.157 0.057 0.786
面板绿色 0.246 0.694 0.060
面板红色 0.677 0.312 0.011
面板白色 0.262 0.276 0.461
色域覆盖率(相较于sRGB)
面积％ 138
重叠％ 100
通过最大峰值强度标准化的波长依赖性发射光谱

Claims (10)

1.一种聚合物复合材料，其包含量子点和至少一种式(I)化合物的聚合单元
其中R1是氢或甲基并且R2是C6-C20脂肪族多环取代基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物复合材料，其中R2是桥连多环取代基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚合物复合材料，其中R2是C7-C17桥连多环取代基。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚合物复合材料，其中所述聚合物复合材料包含重量比分别为100∶1到1：5的具有一个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基的式(I)化合物和具有两个(甲基)丙烯酸酯取代基的式(I)化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的聚合物复合材料，其中R2具有双环[2，2，1]烷或三环癸烷环系统。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚合物复合材料，其中所述量子点包含CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、GaN、GaP、GaAs、InP、InAs或其组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚合物复合材料，其进一步包含丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯、纤维素醚、纤维素丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯聚合物、聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、丙烯酸树脂或聚烯烃弹性体。
8.根据权利要求6所述的聚合物复合材料，其进一步包含散射剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的聚合物复合材料，其进一步包含抗氧化剂或UV光稳定剂。
10.根据权利要求6所述的聚合物复合材料，其是薄膜。
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