CN1090058C - 改进的双金属氰化物催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
改进的双金属氰化物催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1090058C CN1090058C CN97191746A CN97191746A CN1090058C CN 1090058 C CN1090058 C CN 1090058C CN 97191746 A CN97191746 A CN 97191746A CN 97191746 A CN97191746 A CN 97191746A CN 1090058 C CN1090058 C CN 1090058C
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- catalyst
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- organic complexing
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- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 2
- CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J kaolinite Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
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- FMSUYECRVGLEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C(=O)C)[Zn+] Chemical compound C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C(=O)C)[Zn+] FMSUYECRVGLEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 102100029028 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
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- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
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- B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
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- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C29/16—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxo-reaction combined with reduction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/80—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
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Abstract
公开了用于制备环氧化物聚合物的改进的双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂。该催化剂是双金属氰化物(DMC)化合物,有机配合剂,和水的糊状物。该糊状物包括至少约90重量%的具有粒度在约0.1-约10微米范围的颗粒,该粒度是在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中进行光散射法测量的。优选的催化剂具有双峰型粒度分布。该糊状催化剂比粉末DMC催化剂更具有活性而且制备更简单。由该糊状催化剂制备的多醇具有低不饱和度,低粘度,和窄分子量分布,和可用于制备一系列聚氨酯产物。改进的结果也可用以很小粒度的粉末形式存在的DMC催化剂获得。
Description
本发明的领域
本发明涉及改进的双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂及其制备方法。该催化剂在用于制备聚醚多醇的环氧化物聚合反应中具有高的活性。聚醚多醇对制备聚氨酯泡沫,弹性体,密封剂,涂料,和粘结剂而言是有价值的聚合物中间体。
本发明的背景
双金属氰化物(DMC)配合化合物是已知的环氧化物聚合反应催化剂。这些催化剂具有较高的活性,得到具有低不饱和度的聚醚多醇,与使用碱性(比如,KOH)催化剂制得的类似多醇相比而言。具有低不饱和度的多醇是所希望的,因为它们能够得到在物理和机械性能之间具有良好平衡的聚氯酯。
DMC催化剂是通过让金属盐和金属氰化物盐的水溶液反应形成DMC化合物的沉淀物来制备的。低分子量有机配合剂,典型地为醚或醇,被包括在制备过程中。配合剂被引入催化剂结构中,这对于活性催化剂而言是需要的。在典型的催化剂制备中,沉淀的DMC化合物用包含有机配合剂的水溶液洗涤几次,并通过离心法或过滤分离。最后,催化剂,通常在真空烘箱中,被干燥得到固体饼。随后,将干燥的催化剂粉碎得到自由流动的粉末。催化剂的粉末形式通常用于聚合环氧化物。U.S.Pat.No.3,829,505和日本专利申请Kokai No.4-145123说明了典型的催化剂的制备;各自都说明了在使用前如何干燥和粉碎催化剂的细节。
Van der Hulst等人(U.S.Pat.No.4,477,589)讲述了粉末DMC催化剂的制备。此外,该参考文献还讲述了:能够使用DMC催化剂在丙氧基化的甘油起始剂多醇中的悬浮液,从而没有必要分离粉末催化剂。在制备悬浮液的过程中,DMC催化剂以通常的方式沉淀。含水催化剂混合物用有机配合剂处理,然后催化剂、水和配合剂的悬浮液与丙氧基化甘油合并。该混合物被抽提以除去水和过量的有机配合剂,留下DMC催化剂在丙氧基化的甘油中的悬浮液。随后,将该悬浮液,它含有约3-5重量%的DMC催化剂,用作在另外的起始剂多醇和氧化丙烯的反应中的催化剂来制备多醇。因此,参考文献讲述作为催化剂使用粉末DMC催化剂或DMC化合物在丙氧基化甘油中的稀释悬浮液。尽管悬浮液具有明显的优点,但是粉末催化剂已被广泛地使用。
对环氧化物聚合反应而言,具有特殊活性的粉末DMC催化剂在现有技术中是已知的。参见,例如,U.S.专利No.5,470,813。然而,即使是最好的粉末DMC催化剂也具有一些缺点。首先,在分离后,催化剂的干燥是耗时的,而且需要真空烘箱。干燥大量的催化剂是特别费力的。其次,干燥的催化剂必须被粉碎来制成粉末。这一步骤需要昂贵的粉碎机,造粒机,或研磨机。这两个步骤就基本投资,劳力,和时间需要而言是巨大的,而且,重要的是,它们还要增加生产的总成本。
干燥和粉碎步骤会不利地影响催化剂的质量和性能。在干燥阶段,过分的加热会造成催化剂的分解和降低活性。在催化剂的粉碎阶段,由于摩擦而造成的催化剂的升温也会负面地影响催化剂的性能。从一批次到另一批次粉碎和干燥操作的改变会导致催化剂性能的不一致性和多醇质量的改变。
改进的双金属氰化物催化剂是需要的,优选的催化剂具有高的活性,正如在U.S.Pat.No.5,470,813中所描述的那样。特别需要的是那些不经过干燥和粉碎步骤(它显著地增加了生产的总成本)而制得的催化剂。能够在有改进的逐批次一致性的情况下获得一种特别有价值的催化剂,从而,能够提高使用该催化剂制得的聚醚多醇的质量。
本发明的概述
本发明是改进的双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂。该催化剂包括DMC化合物,有机配合剂,和水的糊状物。该糊状物包括至少约90重量%的粒度在约0.1-约10微米的颗粒,该粒度是在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中根据光散射法来测定的。本发明优选的糊状催化剂包括在约0.1-约10微米范围内具有双峰型粒度分度的催化剂颗粒。
本发明包括制备该糊状催化剂的方法。在有机配合剂存在下,让水溶性金属盐和水溶性金属氰化物盐反应生产催化剂淤浆。淤浆用含水有机配合剂洗涤。最后,包含DMC化合物,配合剂,和水的糊状催化剂被分离。
本发明的糊状催化剂,与通常在现有技术中使用的粉末催化剂相比,具有惊人的和有价值的优点。首先,催化剂的制备较简单。因为取消了干燥和粉碎步骤,与粉末催化剂相比,只用较短的时间和较低的成本就能够生产出更好质量的催化剂。其次,糊状催化剂对多醇的制备提供了一些优点。出乎预料的高活性使得能够用非常少的催化剂用量就能够快速地制备多醇。所得到的多醇与由粉末DMC催化剂制得的多醇相比具有较窄的分子量分布和较低的粘度。最后,由该催化剂制得的多醇得到低粘度,易加工的预聚物,和得到物理和机械性能具有优异平衡的聚氨酯。
本发明的细节描述
本发明的糊状催化剂包括双金属氰化物(DMC)化合物,有机配合剂,和水。用于本发明的双金属氰化物化合物是水溶性金属盐和水溶性金属氰化物盐的反应产物。水溶性金属盐优选具有通式M(X)n,其中M是选自以下这些:Zn(II),Fe(II),Ni(II),Mn(II),Co(II),Sn(II),Pb(II),Fe(III),Mo(IV),Mo(VI),Al(III),V(V),V(IV),Sr(II),W(IV),W(VI),Cu(II),和Cr(III)。更优选地,M是选自以下这些:Zn(II),Fe(II),Ni(II),和Co(II)。在通式中,X优选选自以下阴离子:卤素,氢氧根,硫酸根,碳酸根,氰化物,草酸根,硫氰酸根,异氰酸根,异硫氰酸根,羧酸根,和硝酸根。n值是1-3且满足M的价态。合适的金属盐的例子包括,但不限于,氯化锌,溴化锌,乙酸锌,乙酰甲基乙酸锌,苯甲酸锌,硝酸锌,硫酸铁(II),溴化铁(II),氯化钴(II),硫氰酸钴(II),甲酸镍(II),硝酸镍(II)等和其混合物。
用于制备用于本发明的双金属氰化物化合物的水溶性金属氰化物盐优选具有通式(Y)aM′(CN)b(A)c,其中M′是选自以下这些:Fe(II),Fe(III),Co(II),Co(III),Cr(II),Cr(III),Mn(II),Mn(III),Ir(III),Ni(II),Rh(III),Ru(II),V(IV),和V(V)。更优选地,M′是选自以下这些:Co(II),Co(III),Fe(II),Fe(III),Cr(III),Ir(III),和Ni(II)。水溶性金属氰化物盐可包含一种或多种这些盐。在通式中,Y是碱金属离子或碱土金属离子。A是选自以下阴离子:卤素,氢氧根,硫酸根,碳酸根,氰化物,草酸根,硫氰酸根,异氰酸根,异硫氰酸根,羧酸根,和硝酸根。a和b都是大于或等于1的整数;a,b,和c的电荷的总数与M′电荷平衡。合适的水溶性金属氰化物盐包括,但不限于,六氰基钴酸(III)钾,六氰基铁酸(II)钾,六氰基铁酸(III)钾,六氰基钴酸(III)钙,六氰基铱酸(III)锂等。
用于本发明的双金属氰化物化合物的例子包括,例如,六氰基钴酸(III)锌,六氰基铁酸(III)锌,六氰基铁酸(II)锌,六氰基铁酸(II)镍,六氰基钴酸(III)钴等。其它合适的双金属氰化物化合物的例子被列于U.S.Pat.No.5,158,922,在此被引入作为参考。
本发明的催化剂组合物是在配合剂存在下制备的。通常,配合剂在水中是相对可溶性的。合适的配合剂是那些通常在现有技术中已知的,例如在U.S.Pat.No.5,158,922中所讲述的。配合剂是在制备过程中或在催化剂沉淀后立即加入的。正如在本申请中其它地方所解释的,配合剂被引入DMC配合物中的方式是极其重要的。通常,使用过量的配合剂。优选的配合剂是能够与双金属氰化物化合物配合的水溶性的含杂原子的有机化合物。合适的配合剂包括,但不限于,醇类,醛类,酮类,醚类,酯类,酰胺类,尿素类,腈类,硫化物类和其混合物。优选地配合剂是水溶性脂族醇,它选自以下这些:乙醇,异丙醇,正丁基醇,异丁基醇,仲丁基醇,和叔丁基醇。叔丁基醇是最优选的。
催化剂也包括水。所需要的水的用量是足以得到所需稠度的糊状物的量。典型地,水和有机配合剂甚至被引入粉末DMC催化剂的结构;各自分别以较大的量存在于本发明糊状催化剂中。
DMC化合物,有机配合剂,和水在本发明的糊状催化剂中的相对量能够在很宽的范围内变化。优选地,糊状催化剂包括约10-约60重量%的DMC化合物,约40-约90重量%的有机配合剂,约1-约20重量%的水。更优选的糊状催化剂包括约15-约40重量%的DMC化合物,约60-约85重量%的有机配合剂,约5-约15重量%的水。
不象在现有技术中已知的粉末DMC催化剂,本发明的糊状催化剂独特地包括至少约90重量%的粒度在约0.1-约10微米范围内的颗粒,该粒度是在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中根据光散射法来测定的。优选地,该糊状物包括至少约90重量%的粒度在约0.1-约5微米范围内的颗粒。
本发明优选的糊状催化剂在约0.1-约10微米范围内具有双峰型粒度分布,该粒度是在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇散射体中根据光散射法来测定的。优选地,催化剂包含大比例的具有粒度在约1-约10微米范围内的颗粒,和小比例的具有粒度在约0.1-约0.5微米范围内的颗粒。较大的颗粒优选具有粒度在约1-约5微米范围内,和较小的颗粒优选具有粒度在约0.15-约0.4微米范围内。
然而,即使糊状催化剂的较大颗粒仍远远小于典型的粉末状催化剂颗粒。粉末催化剂的大颗粒可能是由较小颗粒的聚结得到的,当在干燥过程中除去配合剂和水时。优选的糊状催化剂包含很少(如果有的话)的粒度超过约4微米的颗粒。在现有技术中已知的粉末催化剂具有较大的粒度,典型地,在约5-约600微米的范围。此外,粉末DMC催化剂的分布通常在5-10微米范围内是单峰型。大部分的粉末催化剂具有超过100微米的粒度。
很多技术适合于测量粒度。本发明催化剂的粒度可方便地如下测量:首先将糊状催化剂分散在聚醚多醇中(分子量小于约1000,参见实施例G),和随后通过光散射法测量分散体中颗粒的粒度。一种合适的方法是使用Leeds & Northrup MICROTRAC×100颗粒分析仪,它能够测量颗粒的静态光散射特性。该仪器能够用于估计糊状催化剂中小颗粒和大颗粒的相对量。
通常,很小的催化剂颗粒(即,具有粒度小于约0.5微米的颗粒)更容易用准弹性光散射仪(QLS)分析。该技术,它测量颗粒的动态光散射特性,宜用于确认很小的催化剂颗粒在样品中的存在和粒度分布。准弹性光散射宜通过将催化剂颗粒悬浮在低分子量多醇中来测量的。例如,5重量%的DMC催化剂在二丙二醇中的悬浮液适合于获得QLS测量。通常MICROTRAC方法更适合于测量大催化剂颗粒和小催化剂颗粒的相对量。
总之,现有技术中已知的粉末DMC催化剂通常具有粒度在约5-约600微米的范围,在5-10微米的范围单峰分布,和含量少以致于无法检出的小颗粒。相反,本发明的糊状催化剂包含至少约90重量%的粒度在约0.1-约10微米范围的颗粒,它是通过在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中根据光散射法来测定的。优选的糊状催化剂还具有双峰型粒度分布。
本发明包括制备糊状催化剂的方法。通常,糊状催化剂可由“scratch”制备,或通过重组粉末DMC催化剂来制备。两种方法在以下和实施例A和C中被进一步地描述。
在本发明的一种方法中,由实施例A描述,在有机配合剂存在下,让水溶性金属盐和水溶性金属氰化物盐反应制备催化剂淤浆。淤浆用包含另外有机配合剂的水溶液洗涤。最后,包含DMC化合物,有机配合剂和水的糊状催化剂被分离。该糊状物包括至少约90重量%的粒度在约0.1-约10微米范围内的颗粒,该粒度是通过在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中根据光散射法来测定的。优选地,该糊状物包含约10-约60重量%的DMC化合物,约40-约90重量%的有机配合剂,约1-约20重量%的水。
金属盐和金属氰化物盐的水溶液能够被充分混合(通过均化,高剪切混合等)和反应,如在U.S.Pat.No.5,470,813中所描述的那样,在此引入作为参考。有机配合剂可与两种含水盐溶液中的任何一种或两种混合,或它可在催化剂沉淀后被立即添加到DMC化合物中。优选地,在最终合并反应物之前,将有机配合剂与水溶性金属盐,或与水溶性金属氰化物,或与两者进行预混合。预混合确保在DMC化合物的形成过程中可提供配合剂。它使得制备的DMC催化剂具有希望的粒度和活性并常常不需要均化或高剪切的混合。预混合技术被更详细地描述在EP-A-0743093中。
与以前的催化剂制备方法相比,本发明方法的一个重要区别是涉及糊状催化剂如何被分离。催化剂制备的现有方法讲述了在洗涤和分离后让催化剂干燥得到固体饼。湿催化剂残余物通常在真空烘箱中被加热以除去多余的水和有机配合剂。随后,将干燥的催化剂粉碎得到自由流动的粉末。在文献中始终教导干燥和粉碎步骤,并在例如U.S.Pat.No.3,829,505和日本专利申请Kokai No.4-145123中作了讨论。
令人吃惊的是,我们发现,干燥和粉碎步骤能够从催化剂的制备中免去。糊状催化剂不仅是可接受的环氧化物聚合反应催化剂:它甚至提供了显著的优点,与由干燥和粉碎制成粉末形式的催化剂相比而言。首先,催化剂制备更简单。因为两个步骤--干燥和粉碎--被取消,催化剂能够以较短的时间和较低的成本来制备。其次,本发明取消了干燥烘箱和粉碎机的高成本费用。第三,生产出更高质量的催化剂,因为在干燥和粉碎过程中发生的催化剂的分解被最大程度地减少了。第四,本发明能够得到粒度分布有较好再现性的催化剂;这一特征最大程度减少了不同批次在催化剂活性上的变化,和最大程度提高了从催化剂制得的聚醚多醇的不同批次的一致性。最后,本发明得到了可用于制造高质量聚醚多醇的高活性催化剂。糊状DMC催化剂的这些优点中任何一个在现有技术中不是显而易见的,现有技术教导人们干燥和破碎DMC催化剂并以粉末形式使用。
一种制备糊状催化剂的合适的、但次优选的方法是从粉末DMC催化剂和有机配合剂制备“重组”糊状物。任选地添加水,能够使用任何所需要的重组糊状物的方法;然而,重要的是,将粉末DMC催化剂与有机配合剂剧烈混合形成其中颗粒具有所需要粒度和双峰分布的催化剂。在一个优选的方法中,粉末DMC催化剂与有机配合剂和水剧烈混合形成重组催化剂淤浆。接着,包含DMC化合物,有机配合剂和水的糊状催化剂被分离。该糊状物包括具有双峰型粒度分布在约0.1-约10微米范围的催化剂颗粒,该粒度是通过在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中根据光散射测量的。实施例16和17(表4)描述了该方法。如表4所示,由重组制备的DMC糊状催化剂--象由“scratch”制备的糊状催化剂--在多醇合成中得到优异的结果。
本发明包括由糊状催化剂制备的DMC催化剂悬浮液。该糊状催化剂可简单地与起始剂多醇,诸如ARCOL PPG-425,PPG-725,或PPG-1025聚氧化丙烯多醇(ARCO化学公司的产品)等合并,和很好地混合来制备催化剂悬浮液。若需要,该混合物可以被抽提以除去挥发性物质。起始剂多醇优选具有在2-8范围的标准的羟基官能度,数均分子量在约200-约2000的范围。悬浮液优选具有催化剂固体含量在约1-约20重量%,更优选从约5-约15重量%的范围。随后,该悬浮液可以被用作制备聚醚多醇用的催化剂。实施例18-20(表5)揭示了如何从糊状催化剂制备DMC催化剂悬浮液。实施例F的多醇制备方法能够用于由DMC悬浮液催化剂制备多醇。正如表5的结果所示:使用从糊状物得到的DMC催化剂悬浮液能够连续地制备8000分子量的具有低粘度,窄分子量分布,和很低不饱和度的多醇。
我们也惊奇地发现,改进的DMC催化剂能够通过筛选粉末DMC催化剂和只使用最小颗粒来制备。尤其是,从其中至少约90重量%的催化剂颗粒能够通过230目(63微米)U.S.标准筛的粉末DMC催化剂可以获得改进的结果。正如表6的结果所示,在标准的反应条件下(参见实施例F),在7分钟之内,未筛选的粉末DMC催化剂(对比实施例7)引发聚合反应(变得有活性),并得到具有粘度为3480cks的8000分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇,该物质包含悬浮在8000分子量二醇中的催化剂的可见颗粒。相反,通过230目(63微米)的粉末DMC催化剂样品引发得更快(在5分钟之内)并得到透明的具有低粘度(3260cks)和窄分子量分布(Mw/Mn=1.14)的8000分子量二醇。有兴趣的是,就引发时间或多醇质量而言,通过140目并停留在200目筛网上的催化剂(对比实施例24)并不比组合物物料好。
本发明包括制备环氧化物聚合物的方法,该方法包括,在本发明的一种DMC催化剂(糊状物,重组糊状物,悬浮液,或筛选的粉末)存在下聚合环氧化物。优选的环氧化物是环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,环氧丁烷,氧化苯乙烯等和其混合物。该方法可用来制备无规或嵌段共聚物。环氧化物聚合物可以是,例如,在含羟基的引发剂存在下,由环氧化物聚合反应得到的聚醚多醇。
在DMC化合物存在下,与环氧化物共聚合的其它单体被包括在本发明的方法中来制备其它类型的环氧化物聚合物。使用普通DMC催化剂制备的、在现有技术中已知的任何一种共聚物都能够用本发明的催化剂来制备。例如,环氧化物与oxetanes(如在U.S.专利No.3,278,457和3,404,109中所讲述的)共聚合得到聚醚,或与酸酐(如在U.S.专利No.5,145,883和3,538,043中所讲述的)共聚合得到聚酯或聚醚酯多醇。使用双金属氰化物催化剂制备聚醚,聚酯,和聚醚酯多醇在例如U.S.专利No.5,223,583,5,145,883,4,472,560,3,941,849,3,900,518,3,538,043,3,278,458和在J.L.Schuchardt和S.D.Harper,SPI会议记录,第32届聚氨酯技术/市场年会(1989)360(SPI Proceedings.32nd Annual PolyurethaneTech./Market.Conf.(1989)360)中作了全面的描述。所有这些U.S.专利涉及使用DMC催化剂合成多醇的内容在此引入作为参考。
本发明的糊状催化剂是高活性的,如在U.S.专利No.5,470,813中所讲述的催化剂,具有足够的活性以致在极其低的催化剂用量下也可以使用。在催化剂用量为50ppm或25ppm或更低时,催化剂可经常被留在多醇中,从而,使后面的提纯步骤没有必要。如表2所示,糊状DMC催化剂提供了显著的优点,即使与最好的粉末催化剂相比。在相同催化剂用量下,糊状物引发更快,得到具有更好特性,包括更低粘度,更窄分子量分布,和更高透明度的多醇。如表3所示,本发明的糊状DMC催化剂得到具有低粘度和窄分子量分布的多醇,即使当氧化丙烯(PO)的添加时间显著减小时。将实施例11的多醇(糊状催化剂,对PO而言有6小时的添加时间)与对比实施例12的多醇进行比较。这些结果表明,糊状DMC催化剂优于最好的已知粉末DMC催化剂。
由本发明的催化剂制备的多醇具有低粘度。进而,由这些多醇制备的聚氨酯预聚物也具有相对低的粘度,这使得它们更易于加工。由该多醇和预聚物制备的聚氨酯泡沫,密封胶,弹性体和涂料在物理和机械性能方面具有优异的平衡,这一点归因于这些多醇的低不饱和度,低粘度和窄分子量分布。
以下实施例仅仅描述了本发明;现有技术中熟练技术人员在本发明的精神和权利要求的范围内将能够考虑到许多变化。
实施例A
糊状六氰基钴酸锌(Zinc Hexacyanocobaltate)催化剂的制备
在1升装有机械搅拌器,添加漏斗,和温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入蒸馏水(604g),六氰基钴酸钾(14.8g)和叔丁基醇(78g)。混合物被搅拌直到所有的钴盐溶解。所得到的溶液被加热到30℃。在搅拌下,经50分钟添加氯化锌在水中的溶液(50重量%氯化锌,304g溶液)。在30℃再继续搅拌30分钟。所得到的白色悬浮液被离心分离。分离湿的固体饼,并在剧烈搅拌下将其再悬浮在叔丁基醇(204g)和水(112g)的溶液中。在所有固体完全悬浮于洗涤溶液中后,混合物被搅拌30分钟。悬浮液再次离心处理,和分离湿的固体。按照以上所述,将固体再次悬浮在99.5%的叔丁基醇(288g)中,离心和分离。所得到的糊状物包含约24重量%的六氰基钴酸锌配合物,残余物是叔丁基醇(约64重量%)和水(约12重量%)。该糊状催化剂的样品被“原样”用作多醇合成的催化剂。参见表1-5。
对比实施例B
粉末六氰基钴酸锌催化剂的制备
按照如下方式,将实施例A中制备的糊状催化剂样品转化成干燥粉末。在45℃下,糊状催化剂样品在真空烘箱中被干燥到恒重。所得到的硬,脆性干物质使用研钵和研杵研碎来制备自由流动的粉末。该粉末催化剂的一样品被用于多醇合成。参见表1-3和6。
实施例C
由粉末制备重组糊状DMC催化剂
按照如下方式,将对比实施例B中的催化剂(粉末催化剂)样品转化成重组糊状催化剂。粉末催化剂(33重量%)在叔丁基醇中的悬浮液是通过合并并均化各组分来制备的。添加水(10重量%),混合物被均化来获得快速、剧烈的混合。悬浮液变稠厚成糊状物。该糊状物被“原样”用作多醇合成的催化剂,参见表4。
实施例D
由糊状催化剂制备DMC催化剂悬浮液
实施例A的催化剂样品与ARCOL PPG-425(ARCO化学公司的产品,425分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇)合并,混合物在低速时被均化来制备包含约10重量%固体的均匀分布的催化剂悬浮液。该混合物是流体,固体很容易沉淀。悬浮液在真空下(20-30mmHg)被抽提以使在低温(40-45℃,足够低以阻止催化剂减活)下除去挥发性物质。所得到的催化剂悬浮液包含13.7重量%的固体。悬浮液是流体;可见固体随时间推移发生轻微沉淀。催化剂悬浮液被“原样”用作多醇合成的催化剂。
类似的悬浮催化剂是使用ARCOL PPG-725(760分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇),或PPG-1025(1000分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇)来制备,两者都是ARCO化学公司的产品。来自PPG-725二醇的抽提的悬浮液是液体,而来自PPG-1025二醇的抽提的悬浮液更象糊状物。每一种这些悬浮液都被“原样”用作多醇合成的催化剂。参见表5。
实施例E
筛选的DMC催化剂的制备
粉末六氰基钴酸锌催化剂碎片,如在对比实施例B中一样制备,按照该实施例中所述的方法被研碎,并放置在U.S.标准筛系列盘(与ASTM E-11标准相对应)的顶盘。筛盘和附件依下列次序(从顶端到底端)被堆叠:盖,50目,100目,140目,200目,230目,325目,400目和底盘。堆叠组件被放置在Model RX-24筛振动器上(Tyler工业公司的产品),堆叠组件被振动30分钟。留在每一筛网上的样品被用作多醇合成的催化剂。参见表6。
实施例F
聚氧化丙烯二醇(8K分子量)的制备:一般方法
向二加仑反应器中加入ARCOL PPG-725聚氧化丙烯二醇(760分子量618g),和六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物催化剂(糊状物,粉末,重组糊状物,或淤浆;用量示于表2-6中)。反应器用干燥氮气吹洗几次。搅拌混合物,对反应器抽真空(2 psia)。搅拌的混合物被加热到130℃。添加环氧丙烷(72g)。在反应器中产生加速的压降(这一现象表明了催化剂的活化)前不添加额外的环氧丙烷。催化剂活化很明显后,以恒定的约8g/min的速率经12小时将剩余环氧丙烷(5810g)添加到反应器中。环氧丙烷添加完成后,混合物在130℃下保持1小时。在真空下,从多醇产物中抽取出未反应的环氧丙烷。随后,将多醇冷却到80℃并从反应器中排出。所得到的约8000分子量的聚氧化丙烯二醇被表征(参见表2-6的特征)。
实施例G
用于MICROTRAC X-100粒度分析的样品的制备
按照如下方式,制备250ppm六氰基钴酸锌催化剂在725分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-725二醇)中的溶液。催化剂样品(糊状物或粉末,0.15g,以干催化剂为基准)被放置在烧杯中25g的PPG-725二醇的表面。(当使用糊状催化剂时,所需要的糊状物的量为0.15g除以DMC催化剂在糊状物中的重量百分数。)另外的PPG-725二醇(125g)被添加到烧杯中。使用机械搅拌器将内容物很好地混合直到固体均匀分散在多醇中。之后,在搅拌下,将催化剂悬浮液添加到另外450g PPG-725二醇中。继续搅拌直到形成均匀的悬浮液。
前面的实施例仅仅是供说明用。以下的权利要求定义了本发明的范围。
表1.双金属氰化物催化剂的粒度分析3 | |||
Ex.# | 催化剂形式 | 粒度分布(0.1-10μm) | 粒度(μm) |
1 | 糊状物1 | 双峰 | 0.1-0.2(小组分)0.9-4.0(大组分) |
C2 | 粉末状2 | 单峰 | 4.6-600 |
1糊状催化剂=如在实施例A中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物2粉末催化剂=如在对比实施例B中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物3实施例G描述了样品的制备。250ppm的DMC催化剂在PPG-725二醇中的悬浮液是通过使用Leeds & NorthrupMICROTRAC×100粒度分析仪进行光散射法来分析的。5重量%的DMC催化剂在二丙二醇中的悬浮液也是通过准弹性光散射法(QLS)来分析的。QLS分析证实了在实施例1的糊状催化剂中很小(0.1-0.2μm)颗粒的存在 |
表2.糊状物V.粉末DMC催化剂:催化剂浓度对引发和多醇性能的影响 | ||||||
Ex.# | 催化剂形式 | 催化剂用量(ppm) | 引发时间(分钟) | 多醇性能3Mw/Mn粘度(cks)表观 | ||
3 | 糊状1 | 50 | <<1 | 1.06 | 2910 | 透明 |
4 | 糊状 | 25 | <1 | 1.07 | 2940 | 透明 |
5 | 糊状 | 13 | 2.0 | 1.15 | 3190 | 透明 |
6 | 糊状 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 1.21 | 3470 | 透明 |
C7 | 粉末状2 | 25 | 7.0 | 1.21 | 3480 | 颗粒性 |
C8 | 粉末状 | 13 | 15 | >>1.6 | 5790 | 颗粒性 |
1糊状催化剂=如在实施例A中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物2粉末催化剂=如在对比实施例B中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物3多醇=如在实施例F中制备的8K分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇 |
表3.环氧化物添加时间对多醇特性的影响 | ||||
Ex.# | 催化剂形式 | PO添加时间(小时) | 多醇性能3粘度(cks) Mw/Mn | |
9 | 糊状1 | 12 | 3110 | 1.08 |
10 | 糊状 | 8 | 3010 | 1.08 |
11 | 糊状 | 6 | 3050 | 1.11 |
C12 | 粉末状2 | 12 | 3480 | 1.20 |
C13 | 粉末状 | 8 | 4860 | 1.43 |
1糊状催化剂=如在实施例A中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物2粉末催化剂=如在对比实施例B中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物3多醇=8K分子量如在实施例F中制备的聚氧化丙烯二醇 |
表4:从DMC糊状物/重组DMC糊状催化剂制备多醇 | ||||
Ex.# | 催化剂形式 | 引发时间(分钟) | 多醇性能3粘度(cks) Mw/Mn | |
14 | 糊状1 | <1 | 2910 | 1.07 |
15 | 糊状 | <1 | 2890 | 1.06 |
164 | 重组糊状2 | <1 | 3060 | 1.08 |
174 | 重组糊状 | <1 | 3020 | 1.09 |
1糊状催化剂=如在实施例A中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物2重组糊状催化剂=如在实施例C中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物38K分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇是如实施例F中所述使用25ppm催化剂制备的,氧化丙烯的添加时间为12小时。4这些试验的PPG-725/PO比率被减小以达到目标羟值为14mgKOH/g |
表5.由DMC糊状催化剂在起始剂多醇中的悬浮液制备的多醇 | ||||||
Ex.# | 催化剂 | 悬浮液的起始剂二醇 | 多醇性能3OH# 粘度 Mw/Mn 不饱和度(mg KOH/g) (cks) (meq/g) | |||
10 | 糊状1 | 无 | 14.3 | 3010 | 1.08 | 0.0042 |
18 | 悬浮液2 | PPG-425 | 13.8 | 3230 | 1.12 | 0.0048 |
19 | 悬浮液 | PPG-725 | 14.1 | 3190 | 1.11 | 0.0047 |
20 | 悬浮液 | PPG-1025 | 14.1 | 3150 | 1.11 | 0.0047 |
1糊状催化剂=如在实施例A中制备的六氰基钴酸锌/叔丁基醇配合物2悬浮液催化剂=起始剂二醇(ARCOL PPG-425,-725,或-1025)和糊状催化剂的混合物(13.7重量%固体)38K分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇是如实施例F中所述使用25ppm催化剂制备的,氧化丙烯的添加时间为8小时。 |
表6.筛选粉末DMC催化剂对催化剂性能的影响 | ||||||||
Ex.# | 筛网目通过 保留 | 筛孔(μm)通过 保留 | 引发时间(分钟) | 多醇性能2粘度 Mw/Mn 表观 | ||||
C7 | 组合物1 | --- | 7.0 | 3480 | 1.21 | 颗粒性 | ||
C22 | --- | 50 | --- | 297 | 12 | 7280 | >>1.6 | 颗粒性 |
C23 | 50 | 100 | 297 | 149 | 10 | 3860 | 1.27 | 颗粒性 |
C24 | 140 | 200 | 104 | 74 | 8.0 | 3490 | 1.20 | 颗粒性 |
25 | 230 | 325 | 63 | 44 | 5.0 | 3260 | 1.14 | 透明 |
1对比实施例B的粉末催化剂;没有过筛2多醇=如在实施例F中制备的8K分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇 |
Claims (14)
1、一种包括10-40重量%的双金属氰化物(DMC)化合物,40-85重量%的有机配合剂和余量的水的糊状物的催化剂,所述有机配合剂选自醇、醛、酮、醚和酯,其中糊状催化剂包括至少约90重量%的具有粒度在约0.1-约10微米范围的颗粒,该粒度是通过在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中进行光散射法测量的。
2、一种按照权利要求1所要求的催化剂,其特征在于至少约90重量%的催化剂颗粒具有在约0.1-约5微米范围的粒度。
3、一种按照权利要求1所要求的催化剂,它包括粒度在约0.1-约0.5微米范围的颗粒,该粒度是通过在催化剂颗粒的聚醚多醇分散体中进行准弹性光散射法测量的。
4、一种按照权利要求1、2或3所要求的催化剂,其特征在于该颗粒在约0.1-约10微米的范围内具有双峰型粒度分布。
5、一种按照权利要求4所要求的催化剂,其特征在于大比例的催化剂颗粒具有在约1-约10微米范围的粒度,和小比例的颗粒具有在约0.1-约0.5微米范围的粒度。
6、一种按照权利要求1、2或3所要求的催化剂,其特征在于DMC化合物是六氰基钴酸锌。
7、一种按照权利要求1、2或3所要求的催化剂,其特征在于有机配合剂是叔丁基醇。
8、一种按照权利要求1、2或3所要求的催化剂,它能够在105℃下在基于所形成的聚醚的重量100ppm催化剂用量下以超过3gPO/分钟的速率聚合氧化丙烯。
9、一种按照权利要求1、2或3所要求的催化剂,它是通过由粉末DMC催化剂,水和有机配合剂重组糊状物而制备的。
10、一种制备按照权利要求1-9中任何一项所要求的催化剂的方法,它包括:
(a)在有机配合剂存在下,让水溶性金属盐和水溶性金属氰化物盐反应制备催化剂淤浆;
(b)用包含另外有机配合剂的水溶液洗涤催化剂淤浆;和
(c)分离包含DMC化合物,有机配合剂和水的糊状催化剂。
11、一种制备按照权利要求1-9中任何一项所要求的催化剂的方法,它包括:
(a)将粉末DMC催化剂与有机配合剂剧烈混合来制备重组催化剂淤浆;和
(b)分离包含DMC化合物,有机配合剂和水的糊状催化剂。
12、一种按照权利要求11所要求的方法,其特征在于粉末DMC催化剂与有机配合剂和水在步骤(a)中混合。
13、一种催化剂悬浮液,它包括在权利要求1-9中任何一项所要求的或通过权利要求10,11或12的方法所获得的糊状催化剂以及起始剂多元醇。
14、一种制备环氧化物聚合物的方法,该方法包括在权利要求1-9中任何一项所要求的催化剂或通过权利要求10,11或12的方法所获得的催化剂的存在下聚合环氧化物。
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US08/588,751 US5639705A (en) | 1996-01-19 | 1996-01-19 | Double metal cyanide catalysts and methods for making them |
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- 1997-01-17 PL PL97327821A patent/PL327821A1/xx unknown
- 1997-01-17 ID IDP970133A patent/ID15915A/id unknown
- 1997-01-17 WO PCT/EP1997/000191 patent/WO1997026080A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-17 DE DE69712039T patent/DE69712039T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-17 KR KR10-1998-0704225A patent/KR100442702B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-17 CN CN97191746A patent/CN1090058C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-17 BR BR9707122A patent/BR9707122A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-18 TW TW086100500A patent/TW394783B/zh active
- 1997-02-21 US US08/803,657 patent/US5714639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-07-02 MX MX9805411A patent/MX9805411A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5223583A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1993-06-29 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Process for producing polyalkylene oxide derivatives |
US5470813A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-11-28 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Double metal cyanide complex catalysts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997026080A1 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
US5714639A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
CZ294262B6 (cs) | 2004-11-10 |
KR100442702B1 (ko) | 2004-09-24 |
JP2000513647A (ja) | 2000-10-17 |
BR9707122A (pt) | 1999-07-20 |
EP0877651A1 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
DE69712039T2 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
KR19990071938A (ko) | 1999-09-27 |
MX9805411A (es) | 1998-10-31 |
TW394783B (en) | 2000-06-21 |
AU709419B2 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
CZ225998A3 (cs) | 1999-04-14 |
US5639705A (en) | 1997-06-17 |
CA2243068C (en) | 2006-10-10 |
EP0877651B1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
CA2243068A1 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
DE69712039D1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
AR005486A1 (es) | 1999-06-23 |
ID15915A (id) | 1997-08-21 |
ES2175329T3 (es) | 2002-11-16 |
CN1208366A (zh) | 1999-02-17 |
AU1443397A (en) | 1997-08-11 |
PL327821A1 (en) | 1999-01-04 |
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