CN108993541B - 一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法,该方法包括以下过程:将二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)和硫脲(CH4N2S)混合并研磨均匀,将粉末转移到水热反应釜中进行高温反应;反应结束自然冷却后,用蒸馏水洗涤釜内产品,搅拌静置后分离出固体,于60℃左右烘干,制得一种光催化剂Cu3VS4,该方法操作简便、节能,产物具有催化效能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化、环境保护技术领域,具体涉及一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法。
背景技术
目前人类面临的最大问题就是如何有效处理日益增长的水污染及污染物降解问题,特别是在有毒污染物降解中,半导体光催化高级氧化技术是最有前景的方法之一。当能量大于或等与半导体禁带宽度的光子照射在光催化剂表面上时就会产生电子与空穴,利用电子和空穴的氧化还原能力可以实现光催化反应。光催化剂在污染物处理方面的运用日益广泛,制备高效稳定的光催化剂成为研究的重点。针对硫化物Cu3VS4,现有的制备方法有固相合成法:在高温下通过固相煅烧获得Cu3VS4硫化物的晶体,此法需在900℃以上的高温密闭隔氧的环境中反应,反应容器为石英管。该方法原料以及设备要求较昂贵,操作过程较复杂;1986年,Wu等人(Journal of the Less-Common Metals,115(1986) 243-251)报道了助熔剂合成法:在500-900℃的高温下使元素直接反应后,再与300℃下由48mol.%NH4Cl和52mol.%LiCl混合而成的熔剂反应,此法所需温度较高,反应原料较贵,不方便大量合成应用;2018年,工藤昭彦等人 (专利公开号JP2018058732)公开了硫存在下在温度为300-700℃范围热处理摩尔比为0.1-4范围的硫化铜(CuS)和硫化钒(V2S3)制备Cu3VS4的方法, 此法大量合成需耗费昂贵资金;2018年,Chen等(Materials Letters 211(2018) 179–182)报道快速热溶合成法,此法反应原料有乙酰丙酮钒(III)(870.7mg, 2.5mmol)、乙酰丙酮铜(II)(1570.6mg,6mmol)、油胺、硫(256.5mg,8mmol) 等,反应环境要求在氩气保护中进行,此法环境条件要求苛刻、油胺原料昂贵、步骤繁琐,不便于大剂量合成。根据以上现有技术可知,研究一种方法简便、原料廉价易得、大剂量制备Cu3VS4的方法是极具意义的。为此完成本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法,该方法操作简便、节能、省时,所用材料廉价易得,反应条件可实现性强。现有的制备技术制得的Cu3VS4在催化降解酸性甲基橙(Methyl Orange,MO)染料上表现出良好的催化降解效果。
在一实施方案中,本发明的一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
1)二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)和硫脲(CH4N2S)混合、研磨、混合均匀后,转移到反应釜中加热到220-240℃进行反应,反应时间为 3-4天;
2)反应结束后、冷却,加入蒸馏水洗涤、分离固体;
3)将分离得到的固体烘干即得光催化剂Cu3VS4。
上述本发明的方法,步骤1)中,二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)和硫脲(CH4N2S)的摩尔比为3:1:(10-40),优选为3:1:20,硫脲(CH4N2S)在此反应体系中既作溶剂又作反应物,即硫脲(CH4N2S)在受热水解过程中作为溶剂,达到熔点(180-182℃)后水解生成的S2-作反应物与体系的金属阳离子Cu2+和V2+反应。
反应温度优选为230℃,反应时间优选为3天,当温度低于220℃或反应时间小于3天时,会导致反应不完全而使产物含有杂质,影响催化效率;步骤2)中所述洗涤,包括先用蒸馏水洗涤内釜衬中的产物,取出放置于烧杯中在搅拌下用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,优选为3次,搅拌静置,分离取出下层沉淀,步骤3)中所述的烘干,其烘干温度为60℃,制得一种光催化剂Cu3VS4。
上述本发明的方法,制得的催化剂Cu3VS4,其X射线衍射见图1。
在一具体实施方案中,本发明的一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
1)分别称取3mmol二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、1mmol偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3) 和20mmol硫脲(CH4N2S),在玛瑙研钵中混合研磨均匀后加入反应釜中,反应釜于230℃下反应3天。
2)待反应结束的反应釜自然冷却,用蒸馏水洗涤釜内产物:先用少量蒸馏水洗涤内衬中的产物,取出后放置在烧杯中在搅拌下洗涤3次,搅拌静置取下层部分于烧杯中在60℃下烘干,制得一种光催化剂Cu3VS4。
将本发明的方法制备的光催化剂Cu3VS4进行物相测试。其测试方法如下:
1)将制得的催化剂Cu3VS4颗粒,取部分经研磨后用X射线粉末衍射仪(岛津XRD-6000)进行物相分析,将所制得Cu3VS4的XRD图谱与Cu3VS4的标准XRD图谱进行对比。
2)将本发明的方法制备的催化剂Cu3VS4进行光催化活性探究,包含:
将所需重量的催化剂加入到所需浓度的MO染料溶液中。反应在室温下进行,反应混合物样品在不同的时间间隔进行分析,总反应时间为5.5小时。用 UV-Vis分光光度计(岛津UV-2550)测定不同光照时间下染料在最大吸收波长 (464nm)处的吸光度。反应后催化剂再回收干燥做X射线衍射,以评价催化剂的稳定性。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的方法通过简单的一步法合成具有光催化活性的光催化剂Cu3VS4,利用二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3) 和硫脲(CH4N2S)的简单混合后低温合成便可以制备出具有光催化降解污染物功能的材料,即本法反应原料经济,反应条件温和,同等条件下,较市售的常用光催化降解材料二氧化钛(TiO2,P25)的催化效果好,较P25有替代性,因此本发明的一步法制备光催化剂Cu3VS4具有积极的意义。
附图说明
图1本发明的方法制备得到的Cu3VS4颗粒的X粉末衍射图;
图2Cu3VS4颗粒与P25的催化效能比较;
图3Cu3VS4颗粒催化前后晶型的X粉末衍射图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于理解和阐明本发明的实质,但不此限制本发明的范围。
实施例1光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备
1)分别在万分之一天平上称取物质的量为3mmol二水合氯化铜 (CuCl2·2H2O)、1mmol偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)和20mmol硫脲(CH4N2S),将称好的原料一同在玛瑙研钵中混合研磨均匀后加入水热反应釜中,反应釜于230℃下反应三天。
2)待反应结束后自然冷却,用蒸馏水洗涤釜内产物:先用少量蒸馏水洗涤内衬中的产物后取出放置在烧杯中在搅拌下洗涤3次,搅拌静置取下层固体于烧杯中在60℃下烘干,即得产物。
3)产物烘干后在万分之一天平上测量产物的质量并记录,即实际产量。
4)取所制得的少量产物于玛瑙研钵中研磨后,研磨后的产物用X射线粉末衍射仪(岛津XRD-6000)表征晶体结构(如图1),图1表明实验所制得产物的XRD图谱与催化剂Cu3VS4的标准XRD图谱一致,即可知实验制得目标产物 Cu3VS4。
5)确认合成物质为目标产物后,根据原料的量进行理论产量计算,并计算目标产物的产率为90.06%。
实施例2催化效能测试
1)通过光催化降解MO染料的实验,测试本发明的方法制备的光催化剂 Cu3VS4对MO染料有降解作用,结果显示在可见光区的催化效能比二氧化钛 (P25)好,在染料中具有良好的稳定性。
2)实验具体步骤如下:
将实施例1制得的Cu3VS4取25mg加入到50ml浓度为10mg/L、PH=3的MO染料中成混合溶液,暗吸附30min达吸附平衡,在125W的紫外高压汞灯(滤光片< 400nm)下光照5h,总反应时间为5.5h,用UV-Vis分光光度计(岛津UV-2550) 测定不同光照时间下MO在最大吸收波长(464nm)处的吸光度,作图(如图2) 计算降解率。通过与Cu3VS4同质量的催化剂P25以及不加催化剂的空白组实验结果进行对比(如图2),分析催化剂催化降解效率。反应后催化剂再回收干燥,用X射线粉末衍射仪(岛津XRD-6000)表征晶体结构(如图3),以评价催化剂的稳定性。图2表明总反应时间为5.5h时,Cu3VS4对10mg/L、PH=3的MO染料的降解率为95.2%;同等条件下,Cu3VS4在可见光区的催化效能比P25好。图3 表明催化剂Cu3VS4在催化反应后XRD图谱仍与反应前XRD图谱一致,即催化剂 Cu3VS4在染料中稳定性良好。
同时,采用上述相同的催化降解MO染料的方法,用现有的方法制备的催化剂Cu3VS4替换P25,结果,本发明的方法制备催化剂Cu3VS4结果在降解效率上相比现有技术显示出优势。
在不偏离本发明的精神实质的条件下,对本发明的进行简单的变化和替换也属于本发明的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种光催化剂Cu3VS4的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
1)二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)和硫脲(CH4N2S)研磨、混合均匀后,转移到反应釜中加热到220-240℃进行反应,反应时间为3-4天;
2)反应结束后、冷却,加入蒸馏水洗涤、分离固体;
3)将分离得到的固体烘干即得光催化剂Cu3VS4,
其中,二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)和硫脲(CH4N2S)的摩尔比为3:1:(10-40)。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方 法,反应温度为230℃,反应时间为3天。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,步骤2)中所述洗涤,包括用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,步骤3)中所述的烘干,其温度为60℃。
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