CN1089759C - 结晶形式的n-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酰胺 - Google Patents

结晶形式的n-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酰胺 Download PDF

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CN1089759C
CN1089759C CN98116235A CN98116235A CN1089759C CN 1089759 C CN1089759 C CN 1089759C CN 98116235 A CN98116235 A CN 98116235A CN 98116235 A CN98116235 A CN 98116235A CN 1089759 C CN1089759 C CN 1089759C
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H·法施
U·赫特曼
U·维斯坦费尔德
E·帕鲁斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及式I化合物晶体改进型2涉及晶体改进型1和2的制备方法以及它们的用途。

Description

结晶形式的N-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酰胺
本发明涉及式I化合物的、新的易溶解的结晶改进型(改进型2)
Figure C9811623500031
其中,在用聚焦Debye-Scherrer射线和Cu-Kα1-射线得到的透射X-射线衍射图中,它具有在下列衍射角2θ(°)的衍射线:高强度线:10.65;14.20;14.80;16.10;21.70;
      23.15;24.40;24.85;25.50;25.85;
      26.90;29.85中强度线:7.40;9.80;13.10;15.45;16.80;
      20.70;21.45;22.80;23.85;27.25;
      28.95
附图1显示了使用Cu-Kα1射线记录的改进型2的X-射线衍射图。该图使用Stoe公司(Darmstadt,德国)的STADIP双环衍射仪或Siemens的计算机辅助的单晶衍射仪(所用射线:MOKα)记录。
使用红外光谱记录的式I化合物的改进型2(1mg,在300mg KBr中)的红外光谱显示下列主要谱带(单位cm-1):1321            1481            672            32011607            3355            763            7011109            1264            908            9481065            1384            754            5111536            1361            592                 7331663            852             427                 9601241            1014            3111                17791410            3297            3065                18111160            877             3221                4841691            940             974                 3442831             3274            3129                34341188            894             628
上述波长数据强度由小到大排列。
根据实施例1式I化合物的改进型2的红外光谱还以附图3显示,透光度以%为单位沿纵坐标排列,波数以cm-1为单位沿横坐标排列。
式I化合物改进型2的单胞中具有8个分子的空间群P21/C。式I化合物的分子以二聚体的形式存在,其中单个分子通过形成-C=O…HN-氢桥键(2.938)而结合,两个分子的平面以基本上为正交的方式(91.2°)存在。两个分子具有完全不同的构象。五-和六-元环与中心羰基形成的夹角分别为5.4°和2.1°以及23.4°和23.1°。后两个造成了容许两个分子间氢桥键的空间的先决条件。
式I化合物为已知化合物,也被称为Leflunomide(HWA 486)。它可按US 4,284,786所述的方式制备。但是,通过用例如甲苯重结晶,仅制得晶体改进型1。晶体改进型1的X-射线衍射图如附图2b所示,它具有下列衍射角2θ(°)的特征线:高强度线:16.70;18.90;23.00;23.65;29.05中强度线:8.35;12.65;15.00;15.30;18.35;
      21.25;22.15;24.10;24.65;25.45;
      26.65;27.40;28.00;28.30
式I化合物晶型1的单胞中具有4个分子的空间群P21/C。分子基本上是平面的。原子平面基团间的夹角小于2.4°。结晶中分子层式排列。层式结构中分子相互叠压,以反平行方式排列。结晶上的二聚体由很弱的氢键连接(NH…N:3.1444)。任何氢键中都不涉及C=O基。
可根据X-射线衍射图进一步测定含两种晶体改进型的混合物中的改进型2的量。改进型1在2θ=8.35°处的线和改进型2在2θ=16.1°处的线适于定量测定。如果计算峰高比并研究它与各改进型的含量的关系,可以得到标准线。该方法的检出限为在含改进型1的结晶中有大约0.3%的改进型2。
改进型2的水溶性比改进型1更好。37℃下,改进型2的溶解度为38mg/l,而改进型1的溶解度为25mg/l。另外,在-15℃到+40℃,优选20℃到40℃的温度范围内稳定,不会转化成改进型1。
根据本发明,可通过例如将式I化合物的改进型1或改进型1与改进型2的混合物在溶剂中的悬浮液加热至约10℃到40℃,优选15℃到30℃,特别是20℃到25℃,得到式I化合物的改进型2。产率主要取决于温度。优选使用式I化合物微溶于其中的溶剂。例如,可使用含(C1-C4)醇,如甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇和/或酮,如丙酮或甲乙酮的水或含水溶液。通常,加热方便地在搅拌或振摇下、在含水悬浮液中进行。加热处理一直进行到改进型1已完全转化成改进型2为止。
改进型1向改进型2的完全转化取决于温度,一般说来,在20℃的温度下,需要36小时到65小时,优选48到60小时。反应可通过在处理过程取出的样品的X-射线衍射或IR光谱监测。
另外的制备式I化合物的改进型2的方法包括将改进型1或改进型1和2的混合物溶解在溶剂中,然后将该溶液迅速冷却至约-5℃到-25℃。合适的溶剂为,例如,可与水混溶的溶剂,如(C1-C4)醇,以及酮,如丙酮或甲乙酮,或其他溶剂,如乙酸乙酯,甲苯或二氯甲烷。溶解过程在从20℃到25℃的室温下,或在最高到溶剂的沸点的升高的温度下,在在气压或升高或降低的压力下进行。如果需要,可将所得溶液过滤,以分离Leflunomide中的未溶解的组分或结晶。然后将过滤的溶液迅速冷却,以便只生成改进型2。合适的冷却方法包括,例如,将滤出的溶液导入冷却至-15℃的管中或将滤出的溶液喷在冷却至10℃的空间或在真空冷凝条件下冷却该溶液。优选方法包括将式I化合物加入甲醇并在甲醇的沸点、在大气压或减压的条件下使其溶解,然后将热溶液过滤并将过滤的溶液导入已冷却至-15℃的管中,导入过程应足够慢,以使所得的结晶的悬浮液的温度不超过-10℃。然后将沉淀出的结晶用甲醇洗涤数次并减压干燥。结晶可在无晶体改进型2的晶种的情况下进行,但优选在有改进型2的晶种的情况下进行。晶种置于冷却的管中。晶种物质的量取决于溶液的量,本领域技术人员可容易地测定。上述方法也适用于将晶体改进型1和2的混合物转化为基本上纯的式I化合物的改进型2。
本发明也涉及制备式I化合物改进型1的新方法。使用新方法也可将含改进型1和2的混合物特定地转化成改进型1。为了实现上目的,例如可将改进型2的结晶或改进型1和2的混合物溶于一种溶剂。合适的溶剂包括,例如,与水可混溶的溶剂,如(C1-C4)醇,如甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇,以及酮,如丙酮或甲乙酮。也可使用有机溶剂与水的混合物,例如约40%到90%的异丙醇。溶解过程优选地在最高到各种溶剂的沸点的升高的温度下进行。将热溶液的沸点保持一些时间使式I化合物完全溶解。使过滤的溶液缓慢地冷却以保证只有改进型1形成。最终冷却温度优选地为20℃到-10℃,特别是10℃到-5℃,极其优选10℃到5℃。将结晶分离并用异丙醇洗涤然后用水洗涤。将该物质在升高的温度,优选60℃,在减压或大气压下干燥。
优选的方法包括在异丙醇的沸点在大气压或减压下将化合物I溶于80%强度的异丙醇中,慢慢冷却热溶液使结晶过程的温度高于40℃,优选40℃到85℃,特别优选40℃到80℃,特别是50℃到70℃。然后将沉淀出的结晶用异丙醇洗涤数次并减压干燥。结晶可在无晶体改进型1的晶种的情况下进行,但优选使用晶种,晶种置于含式I化合物的溶液中。晶种可在不同的温度下加入数次。晶种在量取决于溶液的量,本领域技术人员可容易地测定。
特别优选的制备式I化合物改进型1的方法包括a)将不以改进型1存在的式I化合物或改进型1与式I化合物的其他晶体改进型的混合物加入有机溶剂或有机溶剂与水的混合物中,b)将所得混合物加热至41℃到有机溶剂的沸点,c)用水稀释所得溶液或蒸出有机溶剂,使有机溶剂与水的比例为4∶1到0.3∶1,以及d)在40℃以上的温度下结晶。
步骤b)后可优选地将所得溶液过滤。
按特别优选的方法,也可将含改进型1和2的混合物特别地转化为改进型1。为了实现这一目的,可将改进型2或改进型1和2的混合物溶于含有机溶剂和水的混合物中。合适的溶剂为,例如,与水混溶的溶剂,如(C1-C4)醇,如甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇,以及酮,如丙酮或甲乙酮。
优选的混合物中有机溶剂与水的比例为1∶1到8∶1,优选2∶1到6∶1,特别是3∶1到5∶1。
制备溶液的温度优选地为升高的温度,特别是从41℃到各溶剂的沸点。例如,将热溶液在沸点保持一些时间,使式I化合物完全溶解。溶解过程也可在加压的情况下进行。然后过滤溶液。所用滤器的孔径为0.1μm到200μm。然后在滤液中优选地加入其温度与过滤溶液相同的水,或者蒸出有机溶剂。所得溶剂中有机溶剂和水的比例为4∶1到0.3∶1,优选2∶1到0.6∶1,特别优选1.6∶1到0.8∶1。然后慢慢冷却以保持最低温度为40℃。将结晶分出,用异丙醇洗涤,然后用水洗涤。该物质优选地在升高的温度,优选60℃,在减压或常压下干燥。
特别优选的方法包括,将式I化合物在异丙醇沸点及大气压或减压的条件下溶于比例为4∶1到5∶1的异丙醇和水的混合物中,并过滤该溶液。然后在热溶液中加入适量同温度的水,使异丙醇和水的比例为2∶1到0.8∶1。然后在40℃以上,优选40℃到85℃,特别优选45℃到80℃,特别是50℃到70℃的温度下结晶。将沉淀出的结晶用异丙醇洗涤数次并减压干燥。
另一个由改进型2或改进型1和2的混合物制备改进型1的方法包括将结晶加热到40℃到130℃,优选50℃到110℃,特别是70℃到105℃,极其优选100℃。改进型2向1的转化取决于温度,例如,在100℃,需要2到5小时,优选2到3小时。
另一个制备改进型1的方法包括制备含改进型2或改进型1和2的混合物与溶剂的悬浮液。通过将结晶在溶剂中的悬浮液加热至40℃以上,优选41℃到100℃,特别是50℃到70℃而得到式I化合物的改进型1。该制备基本上取决于温度。合适的溶剂为式I化合物在其中溶解度低的溶剂。例如,可使用含(C1-C4)醇/或含酮,如甲乙酮和丙酮的水或含水溶液。一般说来,对悬浮液的加热可在搅拌或振摇下方便地进行。加热处理一直进行到改进型2完全转化为改进型1。
改进型2向改进型1的完全转化取决于温度,一般说来,在50℃的温度下,该转化需要20小时到28小时,优选24小时。该反应可通过在处理中取出样品的方式通过X-射线衍射或IR光谱监测。
根据本发明,式I化合物的改进型2适于治疗例如以下疾病:-急性免疫系统疾病,如脓毒症,过敏反应,移植物抗宿主反应和宿主抗移植物反应-自身免疫疾病,特别是类风湿性关节炎,系统性红斑狼疮,多发性硬化-牛皮癣,特应性皮炎,哮喘,荨麻疹,鼻炎,眼色素层炎-II型糖尿病-肝纤维化,胆囊纤维化-癌症,如肺癌,白血病,卵巢癌,肉瘤,卡波西氏肉瘤,脑膜瘤,肠瘤,淋巴癌,脑瘤,乳腺癌,胰腺癌,前列腺癌或皮癌。
本发明也涉及含有效量的式I化合物的改进型2和药学上可接受的及生理学上容许的赋形剂、添加剂和/或活性组分及辅助剂。
含有效量的式I化合物改进型2的本发明药物对类风湿性关节炎患者具有与含有效量的式I化合物改进型1的药物相同的疗效。
本发明还涉及制备上述药物的方法,其中包括将式I化合物改进型2和药学上可接受的赋形剂加工作药剂形式。
本发明药物可以单剂量形式如胶囊(包括微胶囊),片剂(包括糖衣片,丸剂)或栓剂形式存在,胶囊材料起赋形剂作用,胶囊中可含有例如粉末,凝胶,乳剂,分散体或悬浮液。但是,特别方便简捷的是含式I化合物改进型2的口服(peroral)制剂,它含计算量的活性组分和药学可接受的赋形剂。也可使用适于直肠给药的制剂(栓剂)。也可使用含本发明制剂的软膏或乳膏形式的经皮给药制剂或者片剂或悬浮液形式的口服给药制剂。
除了活性组分外,软膏,糊剂,乳膏和粉末中还可含有常规赋形剂,例如动物和植物脂肪,蜂蜡,石蜡,淀粉,黄著胶,纤维素衍生物,聚乙二醇,硅氧烷,膨润土,滑石,氧化锌,乳糖,硅胶,氢氧化铝,硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末或者上述物质的混合物。
片剂,丸剂或颗粒剂可按常规方法制备,如压缩,浸渍或流化床法或在锅中包衣,并可含赋形剂和其他常规辅助剂,如明胶,琼脂糖,淀粉(例如土豆,玉米或小麦淀粉),纤维素。如乙基纤维素,硅胶,各种糖,如乳糖,碳酸镁和/或磷酸钙。根据现有技术,糖包衣溶液通常包含糖和/或淀粉糖浆,通常也含明胶,阿拉伯胶,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,合成的纤维素酯,表面活性剂,增塑剂,颜料和类似添加剂。该制剂中可使用任何的常规流动调节剂,润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁,和外部润滑剂。
当然,给药剂量取决于各种因素,如被治疗的有机体(即人或动物),年龄,体重,总的健康状况,疾病的严重程度,被治疗的疾病,与其他药物协同治疗的种类或者治疗的频率。通常给药数次优选每天一到三次。
因此,合适的治疗包括,例如,使用一,二或三个单剂量形式的制剂,其中每个含晶体改进型2的N-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酰胺的量为2到150mg、优选10-100mg、特别是10到50mg。
当然,活性组分的量取决于单剂量的数量以及被治疗的疾病。单剂量也可包括多个同时给药的剂量单位。
实施例1晶体改进型2的制备
将约40mg按US 4,284,786制备的式I化合物与40ml水在烧瓶(体积45ml)中振摇。盖紧的烧瓶的振摇是在15-25℃的水浴中进行的。48小时后,将样品取出,过滤,干燥并作X-射线衍射图。检测仪器为Stoe公司(Darmstadt,德国)的STADI P双环衍射仪,在透射条件下按Debye-Scherrer法用Cu-Kα1-射线检测。
图1显示所得到的X-射线衍射图,为典型的改进型2的式I化合物。实施例2水溶性仪器      烧瓶,磁搅拌器,37℃±0.5℃水浴介质      水(+37℃)取样      5小时制备      将实施例1和2的改进型1和2加入水中,并在37℃
      剧烈搅拌检测      UV光谱,在258μm波长结果      改进型1,37℃每升水溶解25mg
      改进型2,37℃每升水溶解38mg
实施例3晶体改进型的稳定性
按实施例1制备晶体改进型2样品,并将其在各温度及环境湿度下保存。固定时间后,取出样品并按实施例1作X-射线衍射图。表1显示结果。
表1:时间(月)               保存条件                        晶体改进型
1                   -15℃                              2
3                   -15℃                              2
6                   -15℃                              2
1                   +25℃                              2
3                   +25℃                              2
6                   +25℃                              2
1                   +40℃                              2
3                   +40℃                              2
6                   +40℃                              2
1              +40℃/75%相对湿度                      2
3              +40℃/75%相对湿度                      2
6              +40℃/75%相对湿度                      2
1                   +60℃                              约76%11)
3                   +60℃                              11)校准曲线用于晶体改进型1的测定。
为了制作定量测定的校准曲线,将2θ=8.35°的反射用于相1而将2θ=16.1°的反射用于相2。计算相应峰高的比率,并与相2的含量对应。该方法的极限值为0.3%。按照该方法,60℃下贮存1个月后样品中含约76%的改进型1。
实施例4晶体改进型1的制备
首先将水润湿的粗品Leflunomide溶于异丙醇/水中(相当于16kg干燥的粗品Leflunomide溶于28升异丙醇和一定量的水中,使该水量加上湿产品中的水分,得到总量为9升的水)。
将该混合物加热到78℃到80℃,在该温度下搅拌25分钟,然后通过压力漏斗过滤到已加热到相同温度的容器中。将压力漏斗用一定量的异丙醇漂洗,加上已使用的异丙醇,使异丙醇/水的比例为4∶1(这个实施例中是4升)。然后,加入预热至78℃到82℃的水(32升,使异丙醇/水=0.8∶1)。该溶液已变得混浊,然后在20分钟内冷却至65℃,在此温度下保持约40分钟,在70分钟内冷却至约40℃并再搅拌20分钟。离心分离产品。
表1显示4批实验的结果
表1
  批   初始浓度[g/l]   iPrOH/H2O比   最终浓度[g/l]   晶体改进型2的比例*[%]   产率[%]
    1     600     4∶1     600       n.d.   73.2
    2     600     3∶1     563     <0.4   71.4
    3     400     2∶1     333     <0.4   70.5
    4     400     0.8∶1     222     <0.4   85.6
*由X-射线粉末衍射仪测定;晶体改进型2的比例总是低于测定极限,该极限约为0.4%。n.d.表示未测定。

Claims (5)

1.式I化合物的晶体改进型2
Figure C9811623500021
其中,在用聚焦Debye-Scherrer射线和Cu-Kα1-射线得到的透射X-射线衍射图中,它具有在下列衍射角2θ(°)的衍射线:高强度线:10.65;14.20;14.80;16.10;21.70;
      23.15;24.40;24.85;25.50;25.85;
      26.90;29.85中强度线:7.40;9.80;13.10;15.45;16.80;
      20.70;21.45;22.80;23.85;27.25;
      28.95。
2.制备权利要求1所要求的式I化合物的晶体改进型2的方法,其中包括,将含不为晶体改进型2的式I化合物或晶体改进型1和2的混合物溶液迅速冷却至低于-5℃到-25℃。
3.含有权利要求1所要求的式I化合物晶体改进型2和生理学上可接受的赋形剂的药物。
4.权利要求1所要求的式I化合物的晶体改进型2在制备药物中的用途,该药物可治疗急性免疫系统疾病。
5.权利要求4的用途,其中所述急性免疫系统疾病是:脓毒症,过敏反应,移植物抗宿主反应和宿主抗移植物反应,自身免疫疾病,特别是类风湿性关节炎,系统性红斑狼疮,多发性硬化,牛皮癣,特应性皮炎,哮喘,荨麻疹,鼻炎,眼色素层炎,II型糖尿病,肝纤维化,胆囊纤维化,癌症,如肺癌,白血病,卵巢癌,肉瘤,卡波西氏内瘤,脑膜瘤,肠癌,淋巴癌,脑瘤,乳腺癌,胰腺癌,前列腺癌或皮癌。
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