CN108959535A - A kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system - Google Patents
A kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system Download PDFInfo
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system, pear tree is as economical fruit often edible in people's daily life, with extensive edible range, therefore the health in its planting process is cultivated particularly significant, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mode of health helps to improve the sales volume of pear tree, the pesticide residue of zone of reasonableness is of great significance for the production of high-quality pear tree simultaneously, and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in existing pear tree planting process is mainly based on the experience of peasant household, pear tree dealer often pays close attention to the appearance of pear tree, and for indexs such as pesticide residues, often attention rate is inadequate, it is therefore desirable to carry out the popularization of healthy insect prevention management measure, the present invention provides a kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system thus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to application field, in particular to a kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences promote system
System.
Background technique
Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is thousands of, is divided into wine kind, cooks kind, 3 major class of tail food species.The size of 3 verieties,
, there is difference in the features such as color, fragrance, smoothness (may be there are also brittleness, flavor).Many kinds contain sugared higher, intermediate acidity,
Tannin content is very low.Pear tree tree is mostly cross-pollination, has 2~4% flower fruit setting ideal.Although the size of mature pear tree,
Shape, color and acidity are different and widely different but generally rounded because kind and environmental condition, and 50~100 millimeters of diameter, band
Red or yellow.China is pear tree big producer, and yield accounts for the 65% of pear tree total output.Principal item: the cold richness of Liao Nan；Gansu
Its spray Niu Lishu, Shaanxi Luochuan Fuji, Qian County Fuji apple, Shandong Red Star, Artifacts In Wanrong, Shanxi etc..
The prevention and treatment of the pest and disease damage of pear tree is a system and long-term process, needs to cover each stage of Growth of Pear Trees,
It is as follows that simplified summary is carried out to it in the prior art, common disease and pest and its prevention and treatment mainly include
(1) insect pest control methods such as tetranychid, aphid, leaf roller: cutting in conjunction with the summer, improves orchard ventilation and penetrating light condition, wipes out
Disease pest branch extracts worm bud, wormed fruit, takes out of outside garden and destroys.According to orchard disease pest, a situation arises, selects corresponding fungicide, kills
Worm agent and acaricide, it is spraying by full garden is carried out after respective recommendation dosage mixing.4.5% effective cypermethrin can be selected in insecticide
1500 times of liquid or 25% 3000 times of liquid of Chlorbenzuron deflocculant etc..Acaricide select 15% pyridaben missible oil, 1500~2000 times of liquid or
20% 4000~5000 times of liquid of fenazaquin suspending agent etc..
(2) defoliation control method: 2. effective agent kind that fallen leaves select effective agent prevention and treatment brown spot is 1. thoroughly removed
Class is more, 80% must benefit Mz -120,600~800 times of effects are best, in addition, 10% generation height (difenoconazole) water-dispersible grain
Agent or very high 10000 times of the microemulsion of 6000 times of missible oil, 25%, easily protect 1000~1500 times, 70% thiophanate methyl 1200~
1500 times, 800~1000 times of 50% carbendazim, can effectively prevent pear tree brown spot.
(3) mosaic disease, frust rust, paint face's virus disease control method: 1. agricultural measures: virus-free nursery stock is selected；Stem apex
Detoxification treatment cultivates detoxification nursery stock；The insect for endangering fruit tree is killed, eliminates and passes poisonous insect matchmaker；Used tool will be into orchard
Row high spirit, formalin or peracetic acid disinfectant；Root out orchard surrounding weeds.2. correct fertilising: using sufficient organic fertilizer, be formulated
Applying inorganic fertilizer, (fruit tree normal growth requires supplementation with 16 kinds of nutrients, and a great number of elements has: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium；Middle amount
Member is known as: calcium, magnesium, sulphur；Microelement has: iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, copper, chlorine).Tree vigo(u)r can be enhanced, guarantee the normal life of fruit tree
It is long, the premunition and immunity of fruit tree are improved, the chance of fruit tree virus infection disease is reduced.It is recommended that: orchard applies fertilizer to the subsoil per acre are as follows:
4000 kilograms of per mu yield or more of plot will use 200-300 kilograms of best buy organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer's (content 45%) per acre
300-400 kilograms, 15 kilograms of calcium nitrate, 1 kilogram of borax, 2 kilograms of zinc sulfate, 60 kilograms of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, these fertilizer are mixed
Orchard is uniformly applied, it is best to apply effect to before falling leaves after harvesting.Method of administration has more cave methods, strip ditch, radial furrow method.③
Medical treatment measure: under the premise of strengthening root supports tree, HIV suppression medicament --- virus symptoms can be prevented and be controlled to-toxicity reduction for spray
Performance.It before the fruit tree liquid distilled from honeysuckle flowers or lotus leaves red phase to bagging, is spaced 10 days or so, even sprays 1500 times of toxicity reduction or branch poison root three times, can effectively press down
The performance of virus symptoms processed.4. preventing low temperature freezing-disaster: acutely, tree body is vulnerable for Jiaodong Areas winter and spring temperature variation,
Chance is created for virus infection.Injury from low temperature and freeze injury can be prevented by spraying so many peace or Tianda-2116.5. plane tree soil removal and replacement: virus hair
Raw serious tree body, will carry out plane tree.Virus can be joined by root system in sick tree, travel to other stalwartnesses by pruning tool
Tree body, after plane falls diseased plant, it is a good method that the soil under sick tree, which is carried out soil removal and replacement,.
(4) mould heart trouble control method is that 1. inflorescence separates phase spray 800 times of liquid of new high fat film pulvis, is sent out in powdery mildew
The orchard of raw weight adds mixed 25% triadimefon wettable powder, 1500~2000 times of liquid.If any aphid, red spider, no public affairs should be used with
Evil insecticide adds 10% 4 mite Damanling suspension agent, 2000 times of liquid, mixed atomizing.2. preventing and treating chafer, mu is with 500 milliliters
48% chlorpyrifos ec adds 800 times of liquid ground sprays of new high fat film, not move again after spray, can effectively prevent chafer.3. spraying
When want being meticulous and attending to minutes details in everything, the front and back sides of tree crown lower part and interior thorax, leaf skin will be uniformly sprayed onto.Many orchard workers are accustomed to being sprayed with spray gun,
Spray gun is although high-efficient, relatively labor-saving, if grasp is bad, cloud point is often very thick, is difficult to be formed uniformly in branches and leaves and flower surface
Medicine film, waste pesticide, it is proposed that sprayed with the good spray head of atomizing effect.
(5) bitter pit control method: the method for young fruit period spray calcium is 1. taken, it is possible to reduce the generation of bitter pit.When with spray
When the mode of mist is replenished the calcium to pear tree, it is more preferable (temperature is not higher than 26 DEG C~29 DEG C) that effect of supplemented calcium is carried out in the form of calcium nitrate.Separately
Outside it is worth noting that, to avoid spraying land Austria and gold hat kind with calcium nitrate, because phytotoxicity can be generated on fruit.2. in addition to
The supplement of calcium, it should also be noted that the following in production: avoiding the humidity in soil from rising and fall sharply and quickly in irrigation period；It not apply excessively
Fertilizer avoids the phenomenon that tree vigo(u)r is excessively prosperous, fruit is excessive；Branch is not trimmed excessively；Crossing strong tree, suitably flower thinning stays fruit more less；It receives in due course
It obtains, the fruit picked too late is easy to suffer from bitter pit.3. the dosage of fertilizer is also very crucial, the autumn fertilising especially after fruit picking, is pears
The key of arboretum fertilising.Should mainly based on organic fertilizer, in conjunction with appropriate quick-acting chemical fertilizer are applied, dose will account for annual total fertilization amount
70% or more.North China best fruiting period fruit tree should apply 5 cubic metres of high-quality decomposed manure or more per acre, while be added high-quality
Compound fertilizer, 100~150 kilograms per acre.
(6) controlling powdery mildew method；Disease-resistant variety is selected in orchard；Bacterium source is eliminated, is cut in conjunction with the winter and wipes out the disease tip, disease as far as possible
Bud；Early spring complex shears, cuts branch, the sick bud of neopathy, and concentration is burnt or buried, and to force down bacterium source, radix prevents point season spore
It propagates；Reinforce cultivation management, using rational application of fertilizers technology, applying organic manure avoids inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, increases phosphorus, potash fertilizer；It is rationally close
It plants, Controlled irrigation；With soft water logical 4000 times and golden 4000 times of man of great strength, using effect is more preferable before spending, but orchard worker needs to pay attention in flower
Sequence is separated to bloom before spray twice.
(7) cold spell in later spring control method: spring irrigation before cold spell in later spring, spring irrigation can reduce ground temperature, can postpone rudiment flowering time.Its
It is secondary, it is exactly to apply to do, trunk can be given to apply amino acid, can increase the nutrition of tree in this way, enhance the cold tolerance of tree.It is smoked when cold spell in later spring comes
Cigarette, when temperature drops to zero degrees celsius or less, public attention lights faggot on orchard, it is desirable that faggot cannot be too dry, otherwise smog
Few, effect is undesirable.Preferably all orchards can seek unity of action, and such effect can be best.New high fat film 600 is sprayed after Hua Qianhua
~800 times of liquid enhance tree body freezing tolerance.
(8) anthracnose control method: 1. removing pathogeny, does clear garden work well in conjunction with winter pruning, conscientiously removes on tree
Sick mummy, deadwood etc..The season of growth extracts initial stage disease fruit in time, prevents germ superinfection.2. reinforcing cultivation management: effort changes
The ventilation and penetrating light condition in good fruit garden, rainy season drain in time.Applying organic manure controls fruiting amount to enhance tree vigo(u)r and improves disease-resistant energy
Power.Pay attention to the use of foliar fertilizer simultaneously, especially calcareous fertilisers are indispensable, according to the experience of many years, in the item that calcareous fertilisers supplement is sufficient
Under part, loud, high-pitched sound pear tree anthracnose is opposite to be mitigated.3. spray prevention and treatment: the prevention and treatment of pear tree anthracnose is mainly beating before bagging
Medicine prevention and budding period play the prevention and treatment of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches." sterilizing strong " (12% nitrile bacterium azoles) 1000 times of liquid are sprayed before fruit tree germination, to subtracting
Few overwintering bacterium source has preferable effect.Growth period generally since thank spend after spray 10 days or so prevention and treatment, into July after centering
Heart trouble strain and grave illness area want preferential medication, continuously spray 3~4 times.Specific spraying period is depending on rain fall, after adhering to rain
Spray, rain the more spray, and rain sprays less.Common 800 times of liquid of medicament You Mei nation first support or " admiring fondly " (70% thiophanate-methyl) 1000
Times liquid or third gloomy more 1000 times of liquid or " antibacterial spy " (72% good fortune good fortune zinc) 1000 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and ten days primary.
(9) little leaf control method: increase zinc salt supply or discharge fixed Zn-ef ficiency, be the effective way for preventing and treating the disease
Diameter.Can applying organic manure by applying organic fertilizer, improve soil, increase soil with organic matter content, filled with logical+micro- fertilizer of root application
Microelements various in soil are absorbed and utilized in root, induction root system.New high fat film is sprayed after fertilising in time, improves fertilizer efficiency.
There is the fruit tree of little leaf, sprays+30 times of zinc sulfate liquid fertilizers of new high fat film on tree before germinateing, it is obvious to current year anti-little leaf effect.
However the above prior art is prevented and treated only for the pest and disease damage during the Growth of Pear Trees of generality, for various regions
The specific pest and disease damage in area has had specific special circumstances, and the control measure taken is also different, therefore accurately prevention and treatment
Also concrete condition is needed to make a concrete analysis of, so needing more targeted measure.
In view of the above problems of the prior art, the application uses following technical scheme.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of pear tree plantation prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system, characterized by comprising: registration login module is asked
Inscribe uploading module, solution generation module, evaluation feedback module；Wherein by between server database between each module
Communication carry out data sharing.
Registration login module user determines the identity of user, peasant household and pears with pear tree plantation experience or plantation demand
The expert in tree prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control field, which can register, logs in the system.
Problem uploading module includes picture, text, audio and video upload function, peasant household can will morbidity pear tree plant,
The mode that the pest and disease damage phenomenon of fruit shares one or more of in the above manner is uploaded to the module, while upper arraign
The selection of problem generic can be carried out during topic.
Solution generation module includes automatic obtaining solution module, the artificial solution module and online of obtaining
AC module.
Automatic acquisition solution module obtains type belonging to the problems in problem uploading module by server database,
The solution that correspondence in the prior art generally uses is shared into the module to refer to for peasant household and on-line expert and is used.
The artificial solution module that obtains includes that plantation experience peasant household's solution offer module and pear tree pest and disease damage are anti-
It controls researcher and solution module two parts is provided, both of them can be used this field and solve the problems, such as that this generality makes
Use scheme as reference, and the geographical location for combining problem peasant household pest and disease damage to occur and natural environment are specifically analyzed, and are given
It is suitble to the solution of the specific question out.
Online exchange functions of modules is, when there is plantation experience peasant household's solution to provide module and the pear tree prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
When researcher provides solution module for the generation query of the problems in problem uploading module, the module and agriculture can be passed through
Family carries out exchange about the problem that further clarifies, exchange way include one of text, picture, audio and video mode or
It is a variety of, at the same problem provide peasant household to solution concrete operations and effect have a question when, can also by the system with
Have plantation experience peasant household's solution provide module and pear tree prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control researcher provide solution module carry out into
The communication exchange of one step.
Evaluation feedback module function is to solve practical pest and disease damage using the solution that the system provides when problem peasant household
After prevention and treatment problem, the effect of the program is evaluated and fed back, is referred to for subsequent user；Simultaneity factor manager is for user
The problem of proposition and expert's solution to problem are evaluated, and are such as found demagogy, are promoted behavior, then carry out to the account
It closes, guarantees the effectiveness of information of system.
The permission that the system user is used by registering customers as the control of login module combining assessment feedback module, by more
Media format, which carries out problem upload, and selection is sorted out to be automatically provided generally using solution and expert and has experience kind
It plants peasant household and specific aim solution is provided, and carry out the verifying of solution effect by marking Feedback Evaluation, will have excellent
The result of good feedback is stored into server, for subsequent user with reference to using, ensure that the validity and practicability of information.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the control combining assessment for logging in and registering by account is fed back, it is therefore prevented that malice is sold and publicity behavior, improves
System information validity.
2, it allows problem offer user to provide this with solution by online exchange well to be exchanged, help problem effective
It solves.
3, existing solution is stored by server, is used for subsequent user, ensure that pear tree plants the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Effective popularization of experience.
Detailed description of the invention
System flow chart Fig. 1 of the invention
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not
It is limited to this:
Embodiment 1:
Certain Along The Coast of Shandong Province pear tree farmer's first plants experience with 5 years pear trees, using the system, in conjunction with its plantation
Experience is regarded as the peasant household of Fuji apple pear tree plantation experience by system, which has in terms of the preservation of pear tree and biological insect prevention
There is certain practical experience；System server is obtained after login system according to provided by its plantation experience about pear tree maturation
Fruit saves the problem of with biological insect prevention aspect, and the Shandong coastal area geographical location according to locating for it, the peasant household selects same
Positioned at Along The Coast of Shandong Province area middle resident proposed about being saved about Pear Fruit the problem of, and obtain problem offer
The favorable comment of peasant household, which, which is uploaded in server, is saved.
Embodiment 2:
There is certain Shanxi farmer's second 2 years pear trees to plant experience, and pear tree has entered fructescence at present, but lacks
Corresponding management experience needs system to understand the Prevention Technique of different times, temporarily carries out saying for system without experienced peasant household for it
It solves, it is as follows that the pear tree pest control professional in final system provides by a definite date explanation:
For germination period to the beginning period of growth of pear tree, annual 4-5 month is exactly the fertility of our germination periods for often saying to pear tree
Initial stage, this stage need great care aphid and gold osmanthus to rush the injury to pear tree, exactly rot disease stifle in the cradle.
For beginning period of growth to young fruit period, annual 5-6 month is the beginning period of growth of pear tree to young fruit period, at this time it should be noted that
It is the prevention and treatment of red spider and dry rot, in addition defoliation and ring spot are also the high-incidence season, need to pay attention to.
Growth of Pear Trees phase to preharvest period, annual 6-10 month are the Growth of Pear Trees phases to preharvest period, the stage it is normal
See that pest is anthracnose and moth, the rot disease and chafer in addition occurred before can corrode pear tree again, so needing again
Medication.
Pear tree harvest time to shedding early period, annual 10-11 month are the pear tree harvest times to shedding early period that we often say,
There is a large amount of green leafhopper ovum in the stage, these ovum outer layers are not easy injury by the protection of shell, so drug need to be increased
Dosage realizes green leafhopper and the comprehensive of dry rot, three-dimensional prevention and treatment.Suspend mode period, until the March of second year since November
Part belongs to suspend mode period, and normal at this time in the annual the coldest stage, pests are often all in hibernation period, but we are not
The prevention and treatment to germ therefore can be loosened.So we should be noted the invasion of dry rot, besides wound of the ring spot to pear tree tree
Evil, once pear tree tree comes to harm at this stage, just will affect the yield of second year pear tree.
The peasant household is carried out the pear tree plant actual conditions in oneself orchard further with expert by way of video
After exchange, there is deep understanding for the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in stage each in planting process.
Embodiment 3:
User third is certain brand pear tree pesticide retailer, is registered to the system by deceptive information, repeatedly within the system
Publication pesticide information simultaneously exaggerates actual effect, reports deceptive information by several peasant households, and administrator obtained the account after the information
ID is closed, and deceptive information is deleted, while being reminded the user for browsing the information.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of pear tree plants prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control managerial experiences extension system, characterized by comprising: registration login module, problem
Uploading module, solution generation module, evaluation feedback module；Wherein by between server database between each module
Communication carries out data sharing.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that registration login module user determines the identity of user, has pears
The expert of the peasant household and pear tree prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control field of tree planting experience or plantation demand, which can register, logs in the system.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that problem uploading module includes picture, text, in audio and video
Function is passed, peasant household can close the pest and disease damage phenomenon of fall ill pear tree plant, fruit one or more of in the above manner
Mode is uploaded to the module, while uploading the selection that problem generic can be carried out during problem.
4. system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that solution generation module includes automatic acquisition solution mould
Block, artificial acquisition solution module and online exchange module.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the automatic solution module that obtains is obtained by server database
Type belonging to the problems in problem uploading module shares the solution that correspondence in the prior art generally uses to the module
Middle refer to for peasant household and on-line expert uses.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the artificial solution module that obtains includes plantation experience peasant household
Solution provides module and pear tree prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control researcher and provides solution module two parts, and both of them can be with
Use this field solve the problems, such as this generality operational version as reference, and the geographical position for combining problem peasant household pest and disease damage to occur
It sets and is specifically analyzed with natural environment, provide the solution for being suitble to the specific question.
7. system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that online exchange functions of modules is, when there is plantation experience peasant household
Solution provides module and pear tree prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control researcher provides solution module in problem uploading module
When problem generates query, exchanging about the problem that further clarifies can be carried out with peasant household by the module, exchange way includes
One of text, picture, audio and video mode are a variety of, while problem provides peasant household in the concrete operations to solution
When having a question with effect, by the system and can also there are plantation experience peasant household's solution offer module and pear tree pest and disease damage anti-
Controlling researcher provides the progress of solution module further communication exchange.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that evaluation feedback module function is that working as problem peasant household using this is
After the solution that system provides solves the problems, such as the practical prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the effect of the program is evaluated and fed back, confession is subsequent
User's reference；The problem of simultaneity factor manager proposes user and expert's solution to problem are evaluated, and are such as found
Demagogy promotes behavior, then closes to the account, guarantee the effectiveness of information of system；The solution that scoring is high, effect is good
Scheme will take mode corresponding with problem to store to server database and use for subsequent user.
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| CN106991619A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-07-28 | 河北哲瀚网络科技有限公司 | A kind of diseases and pests of agronomic crop intelligent diagnosis system and diagnostic method |
| CN107330887A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-07 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of crop pest control scheme commending system based on deep learning |
| CN107423888A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-12-01 | 北京中农苑生物科技研究所 | A kind of diseases and pests of agronomic crop diagnostic system and method based on big data |
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2018
- 2018-06-29 CN CN201810698426.7A patent/CN108959535A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105787446A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-20 | 上海劲牛信息技术有限公司 | Smart agricultural insect disease remote automatic diagnosis system |
| CN106991619A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-07-28 | 河北哲瀚网络科技有限公司 | A kind of diseases and pests of agronomic crop intelligent diagnosis system and diagnostic method |
| CN107423888A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-12-01 | 北京中农苑生物科技研究所 | A kind of diseases and pests of agronomic crop diagnostic system and method based on big data |
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Application publication date: 20181207 |