CN108885947A - 附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极及其制造方法以及电化学设备 - Google Patents
附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极及其制造方法以及电化学设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108885947A CN108885947A CN201780018231.7A CN201780018231A CN108885947A CN 108885947 A CN108885947 A CN 108885947A CN 201780018231 A CN201780018231 A CN 201780018231A CN 108885947 A CN108885947 A CN 108885947A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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Abstract
本发明的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极具备正极和安装于正极的引线部件,正极具备正极集电体、形成于正极集电体的表面且包含导电性碳材料的碳层、以及隔着碳层担载于正极集电体且包含导电性高分子的活性层,引线部件与碳层相接触。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具备包含导电性高分子的活性层的电化学设备。
背景技术
近年来,具有锂离子二次电池和双电层电容器的中间性能的电化学设备备受关注,例如研究了将导电性高分子用作正极材料(参照专利文献1、2)。作为导电性高分子,已知聚苯胺、聚吡咯等。包含导电性高分子的正极随着阴离子的吸附(掺杂)和脱离(去掺杂)而发生法拉第反应,因而反应电阻小,与通常的锂离子二次电池的正极相比,具有高输出功率。
包含导电性高分子的正极通过在正极集电体的表面依次形成碳层和导电性高分子层来制造。向正极集电体安装引线部件时,进行从正极集电体削去导电性高分子层和碳层而使正极集电体的一部分表面露出的操作(专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2012-226961号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2013-232388号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是,使正极集电体的一部分表面露出的操作,容易导致正极集电体的露出面损伤或者碳层和导电性高分子层损伤。
用于解决问题的方法
鉴于上述情况,本发明的一个方面涉及一种附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极,其具备正极和安装于上述正极的引线部件,上述正极具备:正极集电体;形成于上述正极集电体的表面且包含导电性碳材料的碳层、以及隔着上述碳层担载于上述正极集电体且包含导电性高分子的活性层,上述引线部件与上述碳层相接触。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种电化学设备,其具备上述附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极、负极和非水电解液。
本发明的又一个方面涉及一种附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的制造方法,其具备:在正极集电体的表面形成包含导电性碳材料的碳层,从而形成第一中间体的工序;隔着上述碳层使包含导电性高分子的活性层担载于上述正极集电体,从而形成第二中间体的工序;从上述第二中间体中去除上述活性层的一部分,从而使上述碳层的一部分露出的工序;以及,以接触上述露出的碳层的一部分的方式安装引线部件的工序。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够提高正极的可靠性而不使正极集电体受损。另外,引线部件与正极集电体的密合性提高。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的实施方式所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的制造方法中具备的一系列工序的说明图。
图2是本发明的实施方式所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的俯视图。
图3是示出本发明所述的电化学设备的一例的截面示意图。
图4是用于说明图3所示的电化学设备的内部结构的概略图。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极具备正极和安装于正极的引线部件。正极具备正极集电体、形成于正极集电体的表面的碳层、以及隔着碳层担载于正极集电体的活性层。碳层包含导电性碳材料。活性层包含导电性高分子。
引线部件以接触碳层的方式安装于正极。即,正极具有碳层的露出面,引线部件的平坦面与露出面发生面接触。由于露出面露出了导电性碳材料,因此,在引线部件与正极集电体之间通过导电性碳材料形成导通路径。碳层的露出面例如通过去除至少一部分活性层来形成。引线部件的平坦面与碳层的接触面积例如优选为引线部件与正极的对置面积的3%以上。
通过以接触碳层的方式安装引线部件,与安装于活性层(导电性高分子)的表面的情况相比,接触电阻降低。另外,通过夹着碳层,引线部件与正极集电体的密合性提高,引线部件与正极集电体的连接强度变高。需要说明的是,在不妨碍引线部件与碳层的接触的范围内,可以在引线部件与碳层之间残留一部分活性层(导电性高分子)。
碳层可以包含导电性碳材料与导电性高分子的复合区域。复合区域中混合存在有例如形成碳层的导电性碳材料和导电性高分子。使引线部件接触复合区域时,引线部件与正极集电体的密合性进一步提高,连接强度进一步变高。
介于引线部件与正极集电体之间的碳层的厚度例如优选为5μm以下、更优选为3μm以下。需要说明的是,被部分去除而变薄的碳层也没有特别区分地称为碳层。
接着,边参照图1,边对本发明所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的制造方法的一例进行说明。图1是示出正极的制造方法的一系列工序的说明图。
首先,准备片状的正极集电体1a(图1(a))。接着,如图1(b)所示,在正极集电体1a的表面形成包含导电性碳材料的碳层1b,从而形成第一中间体1。
正极集电体1a可以使用例如片状的集电体。作为片状的集电体,可以使用例如金属箔、金属多孔体、冲孔金属、多孔金属网等。作为正极集电体1a的材质,可以使用例如铝、铝合金、镍、钛等。其中,优选使用铝、铝合金。片状的集电体的厚度例如为10~100μm。可以对正极集电体1a的表面进行蚀刻从而实现粗面化。
碳层1b通过例如将包含导电性碳材料的碳糊剂涂布于正极集电体1a的表面而形成涂膜,其后将涂膜干燥而形成。碳糊剂通过例如将导电性碳材料、树脂成分、以及水或有机溶剂混合而得到。碳层1b的厚度例如为1~20μm即可。
导电性碳材料可以使用石墨、硬碳、软碳、炭黑等。其中,炭黑从薄且容易形成导电性优异的碳层的观点来看是优选的。
树脂成分可以使用电化学稳定的氟树脂、丙烯酸类树脂等。作为氟树脂,可以使用聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物等,但没有特别限定。作为丙烯酸类树脂,可以使用聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸等。
树脂成分的量相对于导电性碳材料100质量份例如优选为1~60质量份、更优选为5~40质量份。通过碳层以上述范围包含树脂成分,能够提高引线部件与正极集电体的连接强度。
接着,如图1(c)所示,隔着碳层1b使包含导电性高分子的活性层1c担载于正极集电体1a,从而形成第二中间体2。活性层1c的厚度例如为50~300μm。此时,可以形成在碳层1b内混合存在导电性碳材料和导电性高分子的复合区域1d。复合区域1d可以构成碳层1b的一部分,也可以构成整体。
形成第二中间体2的工序可通过利用电解聚合生成导电性高分子来进行。例如,通过将第一中间体1浸渍于包含原料单体的反应液,并在第一中间体1的存在下将原料单体进行电解聚合,从而生成导电性高分子。此时,通过以第一中间体1作为阳极来进行电解聚合,从而以覆盖碳层1b的表面的方式来形成包含导电性高分子的活性层1c。
原料单体容易侵入至形成碳层1b的导电性碳材料的间隙。因而,通过在形成第二中间体2的工序中进行电解聚合,能够在碳层1b的活性层1c侧的表面容易地形成导电性碳材料和导电性高分子混合存在的复合区域1d。
然而,在利用除了电解聚合之外的方法来形成活性层1c的情况下,也能够形成复合区域1d。例如,可以通过化学聚合来生成导电性高分子。另外,也可以使用预先制备的导电性高分子的分散体来形成活性层1c。在任一情况下均能够形成复合区域1c。另外,在碳层1b的整体中浸入了导电性高分子的结果,碳层1b的整体可以形成复合区域1d。
电解聚合或化学聚合所使用的原料单体只要是通过聚合能够生成导电性高分子的聚合性化合物即可。原料单体可以包含低聚物。作为原料单体,可以使用例如苯胺、吡咯、噻吩、呋喃、噻吩乙炔、吡啶或它们的衍生物。它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
电解聚合或化学聚合期望使用包含阴离子(掺杂剂)的反应液来进行。由此,能够容易地形成包含导电性优异的导电性高分子的活性层。例如,在化学聚合中,将第一中间体1浸渍在包含阴离子、氧化剂和原料单体的反应液中,其后,从反应液中提起并使其干燥即可。另外,在电解聚合中,将第一中间体1和对向电极浸渍在包含掺杂剂和原料单体的反应液中,以第一中间体1作为阳极,以对向电极作为阴极,使两者之间流通电流即可。
反应液的溶剂或分散介质可以使用水,但考虑到单体的溶解度,也可以使用非水溶剂。作为非水溶剂,期望使用乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇等醇类等。
作为掺杂剂,可列举出硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、磷酸根离子、硼酸根离子、苯磺酸根离子、萘磺酸根离子、甲苯磺酸根离子、甲磺酸根离子(CF3SO3 -)、高氯酸根离子(ClO4 -)、四氟硼酸根离子(BF4 -)、六氟磷酸根离子(PF6 -)、氟硫酸根离子(FSO3 -)、双(氟磺酰基)酰亚胺离子(N(FSO2)2 -)、双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺离子(N(CF3SO2)2 -)等。它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
掺杂剂可以是高分子离子。作为高分子离子,可列举出聚乙烯基磺酸、聚苯乙烯磺酸、聚烯丙基磺酸、聚丙烯酰基磺酸、聚甲基丙烯酰基磺酸、聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)、聚异戊二烯磺酸、聚丙烯酸等的离子。它们可以是均聚物,也可以是两种以上单体的共聚物。它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
反应液的pH期望控制在0~4,温度期望控制在0~45℃。电解聚合时的电流密度期望为1~100mA/cm2。期望在反应液中以0.1~3mol/L的比例溶解原料单体。反应液中的阴离子的浓度期望为0.1~5mol/L。
作为通过电解聚合或化学聚合而得到的导电性高分子,优选为π共轭系高分子,π电子共轭系高分子通过掺杂阴离子(掺杂剂)而表现出优异的导电性。作为π共轭系高分子,可以使用例如聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚呋喃、聚苯胺、聚噻吩乙炔、聚吡啶、或者它们的衍生物。它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。导电性高分子的重均分子量没有特别限定,例如为1000~100000。
需要说明的是,聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚呋喃、聚苯胺、聚噻吩乙炔、聚吡啶的衍生物是指分别以聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚呋喃、聚苯胺、聚噻吩乙炔、聚吡啶作为基本骨架的高分子。例如,聚噻吩衍生物中包括聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)等。
接着,如图1(d)所示,从第二中间体2中去除活性层1c的一部分,使碳层1b的复合区域1d的一部分露出。此时,可以去除碳层1b的一部分。并且,在碳层1b的复合区域1d的露出面安装引线部件3(图1(e)),使引线部件3与导电性碳材料相接触。此时,在引线部件3与正极集电体1a之间可以残留有活性层1c的一部分。
需要说明的是,图1(d)中,以接触复合区域1d的方式安装了引线部件3,但存在未混杂有导电性高分子的碳层1b的基底区域时,可以去除复合区域1d的至少一部分从而以接触碳层1b的基底区域的方式安装引线部件3。
其后,通过电阻焊、引线部件3与正极集电体1a的贯通穿孔等方法,能够得到图2所示那样的附带引线部件3的正极21。
在电阻焊的情况下,引线部件3可以隔着碳层1b或复合区域1d地焊接于正极集电体1a的表面。由此,作为导电路径,形成引线部件与正极集电体直接接触的路径。因而,基于引线部件3的集电性显著提高。
在贯通穿孔的情况下,例如,以从正极21的一个表面依次贯通引线部件3和正极集电体1a的方式进行穿孔。此时,引线部件3形成作为突起部的毛刺。突起部穿过通过对正极集电体1a进行穿孔而形成的孔部。通过压扁突起部的前端部,并铆接至正极21的另一个表面并固定,能够将引线部件3安装于正极21。
图2是安装有引线部件3的正极21的俯视图。图示例中,引线部件3由引线14A和引线片15A构成。引线片15A具有平坦面,通过平坦面与碳层1b或复合区域1d的露出面进行面接触而连接于正极集电体1a。
图1中示出了使正极集电体的一个表面露出碳层1b或复合区域1d的情况,但也可以使正极集电体的两个表面露出碳层1b或复合区域1d,正反面的露出面的位置可以不同。引线部件3的位置、大小可以根据电化学设备的大小、形状来适当决定。
接着,参照图3、图4,对本发明所述的电化学设备的一例进行说明。
图3是电化学设备的一例的截面示意图,图4是该电化学设备的一部分的展开概略图。电极组10是图4所示的卷绕体,其具备正极21、负极22和介于它们之间的间隔件23。卷绕体的最外周被封卷胶带24固定。正极21与引线部件3(引线14A和引线片15A)连接,负极22与引线部件4(引线14B和引线片15B)连接。电化学设备具备电极组10、容纳电极组10的有底壳体11、封堵有底壳体11的开口的封口体12、从封口体12中导出的引线部件3、4、以及非水电解液(未图示)。封口体12例如由包含橡胶成分的弹性材料形成。有底壳体11的开口端附近向内侧进行缩颈加工,开口端以铆接封口体12的方式进行卷曲加工。
上述实施方式中,对圆筒形状的卷绕型电化学设备进行了说明,但本发明的应用范围不限定于上述内容,也可以应用于方形形状、具备具有正极和负极隔着间隔件层叠而得的结构的电极组的层叠型电化学设备。
接着,对电化学设备的除了正极之外的构成要素进行说明。
(负极)
负极具有例如负极集电体和负极材料层。
负极集电体可以使用例如导电性的片材。作为片材,可以使用金属箔、金属多孔体、冲孔金属、蚀刻金属等。作为负极集电体的材质,可以使用铜、铜合金、镍、不锈钢等。
负极材料层中,作为负极活性物质,优选使用电化学性地吸储和释放锂离子的材料。作为这样的材料,可列举出碳材料、金属化合物、合金、陶瓷材料等。作为碳材料,优选石墨、难石墨化碳(硬碳)、易石墨化碳(软碳),特别优选石墨、硬碳。作为金属化合物,可列举出硅氧化物、锡氧化物等。作为合金,可列举出硅合金、锡合金等。作为陶瓷材料,可列举出钛酸锂、锰酸锂等。它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。其中,碳材料从能够降低负极电位的观点出发是优选的。
负极材料层中,除了包含负极活性物质之外,优选还包含导电剂、粘合剂等。作为导电剂,可列举出炭黑、碳纤维等。作为粘合剂,可列举出氟树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、橡胶材料、纤维素衍生物等。作为氟树脂,可列举出聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物等。作为丙烯酸类树脂,可列举出聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸共聚物等。作为橡胶材料,可列举出苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶,作为纤维素衍生物,可列举出羧甲基纤维素。
负极材料层通过例如制备将负极活性物质、导电剂、粘合剂等与分散介质一同混合而成的负极合剂糊剂,并将负极合剂糊剂涂布于负极集电体之后,进行干燥来形成。分散介质优选使用水、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)等。其后,为了提高强度,优选将涂膜在辊之间进行压延。
期望预先向负极中预掺杂锂离子。由此,负极的电位发生降低,因此,正极与负极的电位差(即电压)变大,蓄电设备的能量密度提高。
锂离子在负极中的预掺杂通过例如将成为锂离子供给源的金属锂膜形成于负极材料层的表面,并使具有金属锂膜的负极含浸于具有锂离子传导性的非水电解液来进行。此时,锂离子从金属锂膜溶出至非水电解液中,所溶出的锂离子被吸储于负极活性物质。
(非水电解液)
非水电解液包含锂盐和溶解锂盐的非水溶剂。源自锂盐的阴离子随着电化学设备的充放电而可逆性地反复进行在正极中的掺杂和去掺杂。另一方面,源自锂盐的锂离子随着电化学设备的充放电而吸储至负极或从负极中释放。
作为锂盐,可列举出例如LiClO4、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiAlCl4、LiSbF6、LiSCN、LiCF3SO3、LiFSO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiB10Cl10、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiBCl4、LiN(FSO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2等。它们可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用两种以上。非水电解液中的锂盐浓度例如为0.2~4摩尔/L即可,没有特别限定。
作为非水溶剂,可以使用碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯等环状碳酸酯;碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯等链状碳酸酯;甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯等脂肪族羧酸酯;γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯等内酯类;1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷(DEE)、甲氧基乙氧基乙烷(EME)等链状醚;四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃等环状醚;二甲基亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、丙腈、硝基甲烷、乙基单乙二醇二甲醚、三甲氧基甲烷、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-丙磺酸内酯等。它们可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
(间隔件)
作为间隔件,优选使用纤维素纤维制的无纺布、玻璃纤维制的无纺布、聚烯烃制的微多孔膜、织布、无纺布等。间隔件的厚度例如为10~300μm、优选为10~40μm。
产业上的可利用性
本发明所述的电化学设备可适用于要求比双电层电容器和锂离子电容器的容量更高、且比锂离子二次电池的输出功率更高的用途。
附图标记说明
1 第一中间体
1a 正极集电体
1b 碳层
1c 活性层
1d 复合区域
2 第二中间体
3、4 引线部件
10 电极组
11 有底壳体
12 封口体
14A、14B 引线
15A、15B 引线片
21 正极
22 负极
23 间隔件
24 封卷胶带
Claims (7)
1.一种附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极,其具备正极和安装于所述正极的引线部件,
所述正极具备:
正极集电体;
形成于所述正极集电体的表面且包含导电性碳材料的碳层;以及
隔着所述碳层担载于所述正极集电体且包含导电性高分子的活性层,
所述引线部件与所述碳层相接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极,其中,所述碳层包含所述导电性碳材料与所述导电性高分子的复合区域,
所述引线部件与所述复合区域相接触。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极,其中,介于所述引线部件与所述正极集电体之间的所述碳层的厚度为5μm以下。
4.一种电化学设备,其具备权利要求1~3中任一项所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极、负极和非水电解液。
5.一种附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的制造方法,其具备:
在正极集电体的表面形成包含导电性碳材料的碳层,从而形成第一中间体的工序;
隔着所述碳层使包含导电性高分子的活性层担载于所述正极集电体,从而形成第二中间体的工序;
从所述第二中间体中去除所述活性层的一部分,从而使所述碳层的一部分露出的工序;以及
以接触所述露出的碳层的一部分的方式安装引线部件的工序。
6.根据权利要求5所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的制造方法,其中,所述形成第二中间体的工序包括:在将所述第一中间体浸渍于包含原料单体的反应液中的状态下,将所述原料单体进行电解聚合,由此形成包含所述导电性高分子的所述活性层的工序。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的附带引线部件的电化学设备用正极的制造方法,其中,所述形成第二中间体的工序包括:在所述碳层内形成所述导电性碳材料与所述导电性高分子的复合区域的工序。
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