CN108863966A - 制备二异氰酸酯的三聚物和/或低聚物的方法 - Google Patents
制备二异氰酸酯的三聚物和/或低聚物的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108863966A CN108863966A CN201810431625.1A CN201810431625A CN108863966A CN 108863966 A CN108863966 A CN 108863966A CN 201810431625 A CN201810431625 A CN 201810431625A CN 108863966 A CN108863966 A CN 108863966A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- diisocyanate
- weight
- boiling point
- trimer
- oligomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 hydroxyalkyl ammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[(3-methylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]pyrazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)N1N=C(C)C=C1 WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQKRXFRMEHADAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PQKRXFRMEHADAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(diisocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical class O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- COTZVJGHVRNXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diisocyanatoheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC(N=C=O)N=C=O COTZVJGHVRNXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-O hexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[NH3+] BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O octylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[NH3+] IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WDSYFPPDMKLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M azanium benzyl(triethyl)azanium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].[OH-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC WDSYFPPDMKLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- WLKQPMRATNOBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].[NH3+]C=C WLKQPMRATNOBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGYONVRJGWHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC WGYONVRJGWHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JCJNUSDBRRKQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC JCJNUSDBRRKQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZJKOMXZUJBYOOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJKOMXZUJBYOOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphenylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRNMHHHHSMCMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl-triethylazanium Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YRNMHHHHSMCMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGDXZDPASXCQEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)[O-].CCCC[PH3+] Chemical compound C(=O)[O-].CCCC[PH3+] VGDXZDPASXCQEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFEPFUYZDVKKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)N(CC)CC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC Chemical compound C(C)N(CC)CC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC AFEPFUYZDVKKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GENPZUFRWSUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O GENPZUFRWSUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNQZWGWVNKWFJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.I(=O)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.I(=O)(=O)[O-] SNQZWGWVNKWFJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CWDUCNNPRXQJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.I(=O)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.I(=O)(=O)[O-] CWDUCNNPRXQJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DBKSCELFFFVIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound C(CC)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O DBKSCELFFFVIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXFXYMOTLATVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.CO Chemical compound C(CC)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.CO XXFXYMOTLATVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMZCSBVTEWVYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O CMZCSBVTEWVYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXAHLLBGFFFTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC)[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound C(CCCCC)[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O XTXAHLLBGFFFTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUNAXYQYXAWYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC)[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC.CO Chemical compound C(CCCCC)[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC.CO UUNAXYQYXAWYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKQRHVUPISQYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCP.C(C=C1)=CC2=C1N=NN2 Chemical compound CCCCP.C(C=C1)=CC2=C1N=NN2 AKQRHVUPISQYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCAHIIZBPCASHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.N Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.N UCAHIIZBPCASHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGCZMVMXPLABGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OCC1=CC=CC=C1.N Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OCC1=CC=CC=C1.N LGCZMVMXPLABGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZNYAWKVRUVLTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO.C[N+](C)(C)C Chemical compound CO.C[N+](C)(C)C TZNYAWKVRUVLTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVYLVMMPXXZWFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO.C[N+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C Chemical compound CO.C[N+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C VVYLVMMPXXZWFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPTFAVZNTNDSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[N+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound C[N+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O MPTFAVZNTNDSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDBFAOLKCDCBHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C)O Chemical compound C[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C)O SDBFAOLKCDCBHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKDWPUIZGOQOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamyl chloride Chemical compound NC(Cl)=O CKDWPUIZGOQOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUJUDMBCMQDEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC.C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ClC.C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 TUJUDMBCMQDEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZLFCZPGDSOBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M [NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.I(=O)(=O)[O-].I(=O)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound [NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.I(=O)(=O)[O-].I(=O)(=O)[O-] RZLFCZPGDSOBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WURKHTKERIETCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M [NH4+].[Br-].C[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[Br-] Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-].C[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[Br-] WURKHTKERIETCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CYGKLLHTPPFPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniline;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC1=CC=CC=C1 CYGKLLHTPPFPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSRFYFHZPSGRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(tributyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QSRFYFHZPSGRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCCDCNCWUHICFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(tripropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BCCDCNCWUHICFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SMKNBYSXDYPBME-UHFFFAOYSA-M butanoate;tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SMKNBYSXDYPBME-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLWUXYZPUFJVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M butanoate;tetraethylazanium Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC BLWUXYZPUFJVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYGSFKZFXQKZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-M butanoate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.CCCC([O-])=O OYGSFKZFXQKZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KWAJGRXLJIZCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M butanoate;tetrapropylazanium Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC KWAJGRXLJIZCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O butylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH3+] HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DLIJPAHLBJIQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCP DLIJPAHLBJIQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUNCVWQATLFOFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[PH3+] XUNCVWQATLFOFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FWKJAFNGHYRKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane N,N-dipropylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound ClC.CCCN(CCC)CCC FWKJAFNGHYRKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZEKIXPPWVVMOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M propanoate;tetraethylazanium Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC ZEKIXPPWVVMOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XNWSMNKRGNKRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M propanoate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C XNWSMNKRGNKRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VTIZRIDYIWLCRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M propanoate;tetrapropylazanium Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC VTIZRIDYIWLCRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNMZANHSFVMKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SNMZANHSFVMKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- ANCWWFAROKLXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC ANCWWFAROKLXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MRYQZMHVZZSQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C MRYQZMHVZZSQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IEVVGBFMAHJELO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;benzoate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IEVVGBFMAHJELO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WWIYWFVQZQOECA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.C[N+](C)(C)C WWIYWFVQZQOECA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylazanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOHLYFXRPYZSJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC QOHLYFXRPYZSJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LENBOWGJEQXFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LENBOWGJEQXFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000759 toxicological effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-ethylene Natural products CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJMFKKZVXJBQAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=CC=C1[NH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJMFKKZVXJBQAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D251/34—Cyanuric or isocyanuric esters
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制备二异氰酸酯的三聚物和/或低聚物的方法。
Description
技术领域
聚氨酯是涂料-、粘合剂-、密封剂-和塑料工业的有价值的原材料。它们大都由多异氰酸酯和醇组分的反应制得。为了确保足够的稳定性,使用具有≥2的官能度的多异氰酸酯是有利的。为此目的,特别经常使用由二异氰酸酯的三聚化和低聚化产生的异氰脲酸酯。此外,通过这样的反应降低了易挥发并因此有毒理学危险的二异氰酸酯的比例。然而,迄今为止,在这种三聚化步骤之后,需要对过量的单体二异氰酸酯进行昂贵且复杂的蒸馏除去。
背景技术
已经记载有混合的三聚化。例如,在DE 1954093中,使HDI和TDI一起三聚,并且借助于短程或薄层蒸馏除去过量的单体。在EP0696606中,该方法可如下改进,即,即使没有蒸馏,也可以通过高含量的脂族NCO基团将芳族残余单体的比例降低至低于0.5重量%。然而,两者的共同之处在于,一方面使用非UV-稳定的芳族异氰酸酯,而另一方面,高比例的低沸点单体异氰酸酯保留在最终产物中。中国专利CN103450443A(芳族和脂族混合的异氰脲酸酯固化剂的制备方法)中也显得非常类似。
DE19642324中涉及环己基二异氰酸酯和芳族二异氰酸酯的混合三聚化。这里不需要蒸馏除去单体,但是这里非光稳定的芳族组分也保留在最终产物中。
在US258482中,使HDI和H12MDI的混合物在事先加入一元醇后三聚,因为它起到必要的助催化剂的作用。三聚化之后,必须用抑制剂使三聚催化剂失活。蒸馏除去单体二异氰酸酯后,相应的最终产物具有比相应的对比产物更低的粘度。醇的使用(降低官能度和NCO含量)和添加抑制剂的需要都限制了这种教导的工业可用性。
在DE19627825中,将环己基二异氰酸酯与其他二异氰酸酯(例如HDI、IPDI)的混合物混合三聚。随后,蒸馏除去残余单体含量。
在"Synthesis of HDI/IPDI hybrid isocyanurate and its application inpolyurethane coating",Progress in Organic Coatings 78(2015)225-233中,将HDI和IPDI混合三聚,以在应用中获得优点,例如较高的TG 或者更好的DOI。
过去也付出了许多努力去降低原料或配制剂中低沸点单体二异氰酸酯的比例。这通常借助于蒸馏方法来完成,但这意味着额外的设备耗费以及温度负荷,这又会导致产品的改变,例如变色。
在低浓度下,异氰酸酯已经显示出对人的急性和慢性作用。因此,根据TRGS 900,二异氰酸酯的工作场所极限值为0.02至0.05 mg/m3。除了物质特有的毒理作用外,二异氰酸酯的蒸气压和沸点也不同。例如,在相同的起始条件下,取决于蒸气压和沸点,不同大小的二异氰酸酯量会释放到环境空气中,这意味着允许的限值将更早、更晚达到或永远达不到。在这方面,在工作场所卫生的意义上,尽可能避免具有高蒸气压或低沸点的二异氰酸酯显得是有利的。下文中仅指出了沸点,因为它一方面与蒸气压密切相关,而另一方面可以从文献或计算中更可靠得多地获悉。
为了更简单的评估,应将二异氰酸酯根据它们的沸点分成三类,因为随着更高的沸点,挥发性和因此危险性下降。应将具有<250℃沸点的二异氰酸酯称为易挥发的,将具有250-350℃沸点的二异氰酸酯称为中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯,并且将具有高于350℃的沸点的二异氰酸酯称为难挥发的。
如果尝试通过尽可能完全的三聚化/低聚化来制备具有低二异氰酸酯单体含量的异氰脲酸酯,则观察到两种不希望的效果。一方面,随着反应的进程(转化度),粘度急剧增加(低聚度或平均摩尔质量增加)。另一方面,在NCO基团的最小浓度下,该反应越来越强烈下降,因此即使在溶剂中也不能实现进一步转化。因此,在反应后,在最终产物中保留了不希望的单体二异氰酸酯部分。必须通过蒸馏将这些单体从最终产物中除去。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,由易挥发和/或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯制备异氰脲酸酯,该异氰脲酸酯具有低的易挥发和/或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯的单体含量,而不必求助于复杂且增加负荷的蒸馏除去步骤。
已经令人惊讶地发现,沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯,例如H12MDI,可以用作溶剂,以使其中的易挥发和/或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯如此三聚,以至于可以省略易挥发和/或中等挥发性的单体二异氰酸酯的蒸馏除去。
本发明的主题是由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,
其可通过
I.5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯存在下
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+B)+C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
这意味着,基于A)和B)的总和计,所使用的组分A)和/或B)的至少60重量%已经转化为三聚物和/或低聚物。
本发明的主题是用于制备二异氰酸酯的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物的方法,
所述组合物可通过
I.5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯的存在下,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+B)+C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
这意味着,基于A)和B)的总和计,所使用的组分A)和/或B)的至少60重量%已经转化为三聚物和/或低聚物。
本发明的主题也是
由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物在涂料、粘合剂、密封剂和/或塑料中的用途,
所述组合物可通过
I.5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯的存在下,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于A)+ B)+ C)的整个混合物计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的易挥发的或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯A) 和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
二异氰酸酯的三聚化是已知的,并且已经被经常描述。原则上,聚异氰脲酸酯通过合适的二异氰酸酯的催化三聚化来获得。在根据本发明的三聚化中得到纯的三聚物和/或低聚的三聚物,或者混合三聚物或混合低聚物。
在本发明的意义上,合适的二异氰酸酯A)和B)为易挥发的二异氰酸酯A)和/或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯B),优选脂族和/或脂环族二异氰酸酯。
原则上,适用于三聚化的二异氰酸酯可以按照不同种类的方法来制备(Annalender Chemie 562(1949),第75页及其以后几页)。技术上特别得到证明的是通过将有机多胺光气化成相应的聚氨基甲酰氯(Polycarbaminsäurechloriden)及其热裂解成有机多异氰酸酯和氯化氢来制备。或者,也可以不使用光气,即按照无光气的方法来制备有机多异氰酸酯。根据EP-A-126 299(USP4,596,678),EP-A-126300(USP4,596,679)和EP-A-355,443(USP5,087,739)的说明,例如可以通过作为基础的(环)脂族二胺与脲和醇的反应得到(环)脂族二氨基甲酰酯(Biscarbaminsäureestern)并将其热裂解成相应的二异氰酸酯和醇来得到(环)脂族二异氰酸酯如1-异氰酸根合-3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或IPDI)。
这里列出的用于定义挥发性的所有沸点(在常压(ND)= 1013毫巴下)是从文献中获得或者由在更低压力下沸点的文献数据换算而来。为此,使用以下的来自因特网的Sigma-Aldrich换算程序:http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/learning-center/nomo-assets.html。
如果没有已知的文献数据,则借助2016年的Advanced Chem. Develop. SoftwareV11.02来估算。
易挥发的二异氰酸酯A)例如是二异氰酸丁酯,沸点:228℃(ND),由19Torr下112-113℃ (J. Polym. Sci., 1964, V2(8; Pt. A), 第3387-404页) 换算而来,和二异氰酸乙酯,沸点:189℃(ND),由20Torr下81℃ (Journal of Polymer Science 1964, V2(8; Pt. A), 第3387-404页) 换算而来。
中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯B)例如是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),沸点:295℃(ND),由100Torr下217℃ (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)换算而来,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI),沸点:255℃ (ND, Prog. in org. Coatings,2010, V69(4), 第426-341页),降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,沸点:313±15℃ (ND, 用AdvancedChem. Develop. Software V11.02计算),2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物(TMDI),沸点:284℃(ND,用Advanced Chem.Development Software V11.02计算),赖氨酸二异氰酸酯乙酯,沸点:305 ± 37℃ (ND, 用Advanced Chem. Develop. SoftwareV11.02计算)和间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,沸点:297℃(ND),由12Torr下159-162℃(Annalen der Chemie, 1949, V562, 第75-136页) 换算而来。
优选IPDI作为中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯B)。
难挥发的二异氰酸酯C)例如是二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI),沸点:410℃(ND),由得自 Annalen der Chemie, 1949, 562, 第75-136页的0.1Torr下156-158℃换算而来,和十八烷二异氰酸酯,沸点:435±18℃(ND,用Advanced Chem.DevelopmentSoftware V11.02计算)。
优选H12MDI作为难挥发的二异氰酸酯C)。
本发明的优选主题是由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,
其可通过
I.5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯,其选自二异氰酸丁酯和二异氰酸乙酯,
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,其选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI),降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物(TMDI),赖氨酸二异氰酸酯乙酯和/或间亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯的存在下, 所述至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯选自二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)和/或十八烷二异氰酸酯,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+B)+C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
本发明非常特别优选的主题是由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,
其可通过
I.5-94.999重量%的
B)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 (IPDI)
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯 (H12MDI)的存在下,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物B)+ C)计,单体B)在该混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
合适的三聚催化剂例如是叔胺(US 3,996,223),羧酸的碱金属盐(CA 2113890;EP 56159),季铵盐(EP 798299; EP 524501; US 4,186,255; US 5,258,482; US 4,503,226; US 5,221,743),氨基硅烷(EP 197864; US 4,697,014)和季羟烷基铵盐(EP 17998;US 4,324,879)和/或季鏻盐。取决于催化剂,也可以使用各种助催化剂,例如OH官能化的化合物或由仲胺和醛或酮形成的曼尼希碱。
为了进行该反应,在催化剂存在下,任选地使用溶剂和/或助剂,使二异氰酸酯反应,直到达到所希望的转化率。此后,可以通过使催化剂失活来中止反应。这通过添加催化剂抑制剂来进行。在以工业规模三聚化二异氰酸酯方面,特别优选的是使用季羟烷基铵羧酸盐作为催化剂。这种催化剂类型是热不稳定的并且允许有针对性的热失活,因此不需要在达到期望的转化率时通过计量添加潜在降低品质的抑制剂来停止三聚化。
作为催化剂,优选使用季铵盐,单独地或以混合物的形式,特别优选四烷基铵盐和/或季鏻盐,用卤素、氢氧根、醇盐或者有机或无机酸阴离子作为抗衡离子。对此的实例是:
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根据本发明,所述三聚化可以分批或连续进行。优选分批方法。在分批方法中,通常在搅拌反应器中在环境压力(常压,1013毫巴)下运行,但其他压力也是可行的。在此提供94.999-5重量%的C)和5-94.999重量%的另外的易挥发二异氰酸酯A)和/或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯B)的混合物。首先将所述二异氰酸酯的混合物预热至0-140℃,优选55-90℃,特别优选65-75℃的温度,然后将催化剂以0.001至5重量%的量计量加入,该三聚化是放热的。首先将催化剂以这样的量计量加入,以至于反应混合物的温度的明显上升5-15℃变得可识别。由于催化剂在反应过程中失活,因此反应混合物的温度在反应进程中又下降,并且可以重新进行催化剂的计量添加。重复该过程,直至达到所希望的转化率。通过分份补充加入催化剂使催化剂失活和再引发三聚的顺序允许在任何时候在转化率方面和反应的温度曲线(Temperaturprofil)方面进行最佳的工艺控制。
催化剂可以以纯的形式来使用。然而,为了更精确地计量添加和最佳混合催化剂,将催化剂溶解在合适的溶剂中是有利的。原则上,合适的是这样的溶剂,在该溶剂中催化剂具有好的溶解性,例如水、低分子量醇如甲醇或乙二醇,或低分子量有机酸例如乙酸或己酸。
连续三聚化可以在搅拌釜级联中进行。还可以想到的是搅拌釜级联和管式反应器的组合。
为了限制对于所希望的转化率而需要的催化剂量,应如此设定本发明方法的温度曲线,使得反应溶液尽可能不超过95℃的温度。
在三聚反应之后,可任选地加入催化剂毒药,但这大都是不需要的。
所产生的根据本发明的组合物除了残余单体以外还包含所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)和C)的纯的和混合的三聚物和低聚物。该混合物可以如其本身或以混合物形式作为涂料、粘合剂、密封剂或塑料配制品中的NCO组分来使用。
所述三聚化持续进行到这样的程度,以至于基于整个混合物A)+ B)+ C)计,在反应后,单体A)和/或单体B)在该混合物中的含量按绝对值计算不大于 20重量%,并且基于所使用的易挥发或中等挥发性的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)的用量计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
优选<10重量%的绝对值和相对<20重量%。特别优选按绝对值计算<3重量%的值和相对<6重量%。
具体实施方式
实施例
通用工序
将由70重量%的VESTANAT H12MDI 、C)二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯,(沸点:410℃Evonik Industries AG)和30重量%VESTANAT IPDI,B)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(沸点:295℃,Evonik Industries AG)构成的混合物在搅拌的三颈烧瓶中加热至特定的起始温度,并加入催化剂(氢氧化四乙基铵,TEAOH,Aldrich),由此立即开始放热反应。在加入催化剂后,除去热源并且在放热反应几分钟后产物缓慢冷却。冷却后,加入与催化剂等当量的对甲苯磺酸(Aldrich)。在此,91g 氢氧化四乙基铵相应于172g对甲苯磺酸。
催化剂 | 起始温度 | NCO 含量 | 最高温度 | 游离IPDI (相对于起始) | 游离H12MDI | |
TEAOH [重量%] | [℃] | [重量%] | [℃] | [重量%] | [重量%] | |
实验1 | 0.25 | 80 | 24.2 | 131 | 3.7 (10.2) | 49.2 |
实验2 | 0.25 | 100 | 25.9 | 137 | 7.4 (24.7) | 54.4 |
实验3 | 0.5 | 80 | 21.2 | 142 | 0.5 (1.7) | 37.1 |
实验4 | 0.2 | 80 | 24.7 | 128 | 4.7 (15.7) | 51.3 |
实验5 | 0.1 | 80 | 27.3 | 120 | 10.4 (34.7) | 62.8 |
在所有实验中,IPDI的残余单体含量小于20重量%(游离IPDI,左栏,绝对)。基于所使用的IPDI计,可观察到相对残余单体含量< 40重量%(游离IPDI,括号中的右栏,相对),由下式计算:
(IPDI的最终浓度/ IPDI的起始浓度)×100 = IPDI的相对残余单体含量。
Claims (14)
1.由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,
其可通过
I. 5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃(在常压下)的二异氰酸酯
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃(在常压下)的二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C) 至少一种沸点高于350℃(在常压下)的二异氰酸酯的存在下
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+B)+C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中所使用的组分A)和/或B)的至少60重量%已经转化为三聚物和/或低聚物,基于A)和B)的总和计。
3.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中使用至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯A),其选自二异氰酸丁酯、二异氰酸乙酯。
4.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中使用至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯B),其选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物(TMDI)、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯乙酯和/或间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
5. 根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中使用至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯C),其选自二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)和/或十八烷二异氰酸酯。
6. 根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其可通过
I. 5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯,其选自二异氰酸丁酯、二异氰酸乙酯,
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,其选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI),降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物(TMDI),赖氨酸二异氰酸酯乙酯和/或间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯的存在下, 所述至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯选自二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)和/或十八烷二异氰酸酯,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+B)+C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
7. 根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其可通过
I. 5-94.999重量%的
B)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 (IPDI)
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)二环己基亚甲基二异氰酸酯 (H12MDI)的存在下,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物B)+ C)计,单体B)在该混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中作为三聚催化剂III.单独地或混合地使用叔胺、羧酸的碱金属盐、季铵盐、氨基硅烷、季羟烷基铵盐、季鏻盐。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中单独地或混合地使用选自季铵盐和季鏻盐的三聚催化剂III.。
10.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中单独地或混合地使用选自具有卤素、氢氧根、醇盐或有机或无机酸阴离子作为抗衡离子的季四烷基铵盐和/或季鏻盐的三聚催化剂III。
11.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物,其中使用氢氧化四乙基铵作为三聚催化剂III.。
12. 用于制备根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物的方法,
所述组合物可通过
I. 5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯的存在下,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+B)+C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
13.用于制备根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物的方法,其中该反应在0-140℃,优选55-90℃,特别优选65-75℃的温度下进行。
14. 根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的由二异氰酸酯构成的三聚物和/或低聚物和单体二异氰酸酯的组合物在涂料、粘合剂、密封剂和/或塑料中的用途,
所述组合物可通过
I. 5-94.999重量%的
A)至少一种沸点小于250℃的二异氰酸酯
和/或
B)至少一种沸点为250-350℃的二异氰酸酯,
在
II.94.999-5重量%的
C)至少一种沸点高于350℃的二异氰酸酯的存在下,
III. 在以量为0.001-5重量%的至少一种三聚催化剂的存在下的反应获得,
并且I.-III.的量合计为100重量%,
其中,在反应后,基于整个混合物A)+ B)+ C)计,单体A)和/或单体B)在混合物中的比例按绝对值计算不大于20重量%,并且基于所使用的二异氰酸酯A)和/或B)计按相对值计算不大于40重量%。
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EP3546466B1 (de) | 2018-03-28 | 2020-12-02 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung alkoxysilangruppen-haltiger isocyanate |
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JP7287758B2 (ja) | 2023-06-06 |
US20180327538A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
EP3401344B1 (de) | 2020-04-08 |
US10793664B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
CN108863966B (zh) | 2023-12-08 |
JP2018188439A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
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