CN108850990A - 一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法 - Google Patents
一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108850990A CN108850990A CN201810657938.9A CN201810657938A CN108850990A CN 108850990 A CN108850990 A CN 108850990A CN 201810657938 A CN201810657938 A CN 201810657938A CN 108850990 A CN108850990 A CN 108850990A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- spice
- pressed salted
- salted duck
- marinated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000011175 beta-cyclodextrine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002288 cocrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000062241 Kaempferia galanga Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013421 Kaempferia galanga Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000089698 Zanthoxylum simulans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001702 nutmeg Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 240000007232 Illicium verum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000008227 Illicium verum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000270834 Myristica fragrans Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 235000013409 condiments Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001775 anti-pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 10
- 229940032049 enterococcus faecalis Drugs 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000498779 Myristica Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000192097 Staphylococcus sciuri Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001522957 Enterococcus casseliflavus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194030 Enterococcus gallinarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 diazanyl free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001408 fungistatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008601 oleoresin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061520 Angelica archangelica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001478240 Coccus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019542 Cured Meats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000194033 Enterococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001287 Guettarda speciosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218394 Magnolia liliiflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004223 monosodium glutamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020995 raw meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
- A23L27/11—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof obtained by solvent extraction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/24—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/428—Addition of flavours, spices, colours, amino acids or their salts, peptides, vitamins, yeast extract or autolysate, nucleic acid or derivatives, organic acidifying agents or their salts or acidogens, sweeteners, e.g. sugars or sugar alcohols; Addition of alcohol-containing products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/432—Addition of inorganic compounds, e.g. minerals; oligo-elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/40—Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents
- A23L27/72—Encapsulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)将丁香、八角、良姜、甘草、花椒和肉蔻的混合香料粉碎后过10‑60目筛,加入10‑30倍的乙醇溶液在30‑80℃下浸泡2‑5h,压滤,得香辛料浸提液;2)向食盐中加入1‑6倍的香辛料浸提液,分别加入2‑10%的β‑环糊精和2‑10%的麦芽糊精,加热浓缩,回收乙醇,边加热边搅拌,直至水分收干,物料完全结晶,得到香辛料盐共结晶包埋物;3)粉碎,过30目筛。本发明能有效防止香辛料中抗氧化和抑菌成分的损失,有效成分能随盐均匀分布在鸭体表面,渗入鸭体速度快,且鸭体表面无香辛料细屑,无须清洗,易于实现低盐风味板鸭的标准化绿色生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,涉及腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备。
背景技术
板鸭是我国的著名传统土特产品之一,是腊味佳品,已有千年生产历史。虽然各地加工工艺各不相同,但均是将鸭子育肥后经食盐腌制而成。传统板鸭是在冬季生产,存放期为3-6个月,因其油脂含量高,随气温的升高,其油脂会急剧氧化,造成板鸭变质。目前,板鸭大部分以手工作坊生产为主,常因卫生把控不严,造成微生物含量超标,随气温的升高,微生物快速繁殖,造成板鸭腐败变质。研究表明,粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、鸡肠球菌(Enterococcus gallinarum)、铅黄肠球菌(Enterococcus casseliflavus)和松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri)是造成板鸭腐败的主要微生物。采用真空包装能适当延缓产品氧化和因微生物超标造成的腐败,但不能从根本解决问题,效果有限。一些厂家通过添加化学合成的抗氧化剂和防腐剂,如:TBHQ、脱氢乙酸钠等,来抑制板鸭氧化和腐败,但添加化学的抗氧化剂和防腐剂正收到越来越多的消费者抵触。因此,板鸭生产急需能高效抑制板鸭中腐败菌的天然抗氧化剂和防腐剂。传统板鸭在腌制时,用盐量高达鸭重的10%以上,为防止板鸭过咸,腌制后需用大量的温水反复浸泡脱盐,每只鸭有100克左右的食盐流入废水,不仅浪费了水、食盐资源,也严重污染了环境。为防止腐败,传统板鸭产品含盐量高达8%以上,不符合消费者对低盐食品的需求,如何防止低盐板鸭变质也是板鸭加工急需解决的难题。
香辛料是常用调味料,具有增香祛腥的作用,增进食欲的功效。研究也表明香辛料具有抗氧化和抑菌的作用。但要将香辛料用于低盐板鸭抗氧化和防腐存在以下主要问题,第一,能有效抑制板鸭油脂氧化和腐败菌的香辛料组成需要进行筛选并优化才能确定;第二,颗粒状香辛料、香辛料精油或油树脂在腌制时很难与原料鸭混合均匀;第三,粉状的香辛料依然含有较多的纤维素、木质素,在腌制时存在有效成分渗入鸭体慢的问题;第四,粉状的香辛料细屑会黏附于鸭体表面,清洗时费时费水,且很难清洗干净,影响板鸭产品外观。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提出一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,有效保留香辛料中香味等风味、抗氧化和抑菌物质等成分,产品无渣,使用方便,易于混匀,入味快,显著抑制板鸭油脂氧化和腐败菌,延长保质期,无须添加任何化学防腐剂和抗氧化剂,有助实现板鸭的标准化绿色生产。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,包括以下步骤。
(1)香辛料浸提液的制备:将重量比为20-30%丁香、20-30%八角、10-20%良姜、10-20%甘草、5-15%花椒和5-15%肉蔻的混合香辛料粉碎后过10-60目筛,加入香辛料粉重量10-30倍的乙醇溶液在30-80℃下浸泡2-5h,经压滤后,得到香辛料浸提液。
(2)香辛料盐共结晶包埋物的制备:向食盐中加入食盐重量1-6倍的香辛料浸提液,并分别加入食盐重量2-10%的β-环糊精和2-10%的麦芽糊精,煮沸加热浓缩,回收乙醇,边加热边搅拌,锚式搅拌器桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.2-1.5m/s,直至水分收干,物料完全结晶,得到香辛料盐共结晶包埋物。
(3)香辛料盐的包装:香辛料盐共结晶包埋物经粉碎,过30目筛,制得无渣的腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐成品。
本发明步骤(1)中优选重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料。
本发明步骤(1)中优选将混合香辛料粉碎后过30目筛。
本发明步骤(1)中优选加入香辛料粉重量20倍的乙醇溶液在50℃下浸泡3 h。
本发明步骤(1)中优选乙醇溶液为50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液。
本发明步骤(2)中优选向食盐中加入食盐重量2倍的香辛料浸提液。
本发明步骤(2)中优选分别加入食盐重量5%的β-环糊精和5%的麦芽糊精。
本发明步骤(2)中优选桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.6m/s。
比较研究了八角、桂皮、花椒、香叶、丁香、肉寇、草果、小茴香、白芷、草扣、山萘、陈皮、甘草、辛夷、良姜、砂仁等20余种常用香辛料的抗氧化和抑菌能力,发现不同香辛料清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2 -·)、羟自由基(·OH)和二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)的能力和抑制粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)ATCC 51299、鸡肠球菌(Enterococcus gallinarum)CGMCC 1.9125、铅黄肠球菌(Enterococcus casseliflavus)CGMCC 1.9124和松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri)CGMCC 1.10845的能力均不同,同一香辛料的水提物和醇提物清除三种自由基和抑菌的能力也不同,选取抗氧化和抑制板鸭腐败菌能力强的六种香辛料进行组合优化实验,并制成香辛料盐用于板鸭加工试验,结果发现重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料物能有效抑制板鸭油脂氧化和腐败菌,用鲜鸭重2.7%的香辛料盐腌制的板鸭产品室温放置9个月的过氧化值<1.2g/100g(以脂肪计),符合板鸭国家标准≤1.5g/100g的要求,并与添加化学抗氧化剂TBHQ的效果相当,而传统纯食盐方法腌制的板鸭产品室温放置6个月的过氧化值就高达2.6g/100g,结果见附图1。用香辛料盐腌制的板鸭产品初始菌落总数为1×103cfu/g板鸭时,室温放置9个月的菌落总数为2×103cfu/g板鸭,并与添加化学防腐剂脱氢乙酸钠的效果相当,而传统纯食盐方法腌制的板鸭产品的菌落总数为4×105cfu/g板鸭,结果见附图2。因此,本发明所确定的混合香辛料组成能有效抑制板鸭氧化和腐败菌,在板鸭生产应用中取得了意想不到的显著效果。
针对颗粒状香辛料、香辛料精油或油树脂在腌制时很难与原料鸭混合均匀,以及粉状的香辛料依然含有较多的纤维素、木质素,在腌制时存在有效成分渗入鸭体慢的问题,本发明通过将丁香、八角、良姜、甘草、花椒和肉蔻六种混合香辛料中的有效成分浸提出来,去除渣子后,再与食盐混合加工成速溶、无渣的香辛料盐。香辛料中的有效成分能随盐均匀分布在鸭体表面,渗入鸭体速度快,且鸭体表面无香辛料细屑,无须清洗,易于实现板鸭的标准化绿色生产。
本发明将丁香、八角、良姜、甘草、花椒和肉蔻六种混合香辛料粉碎后用50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液浸泡,能将香辛料中的醇溶和水溶性的香味物质、抑菌和抗氧化成分充分浸提出来,有效避免了单纯用乙醇或水提取时浸提不充分,香辛料中有效成分损失较大的问题。
通过向香辛料浸提液中添加β-环糊精,能使香辛料中的疏水性成分包合到β-环糊精的空腔中,加入麦芽糊精能充分包埋含有香辛料中的疏水性成分的β-环糊精,使β-环糊精空腔两端封闭,有效防止香辛料中的疏水性成分的挥发和氧化损失,从而显著延长产品的稳定性和保质期。
粉碎后的香辛料粉中的香味物质等有效成分易挥发或氧化,且易吸潮,不宜长期存放。本发明将香辛料浸提液加入到食盐中,煮沸加热浓缩,在食盐结晶时,香辛料浸提液中的亲水性成分会进入食盐晶体,与食盐共结晶。加入麦芽糊精能充分包埋含有香辛料中亲水性成分的食盐共结晶物,有效隔绝氧气和光照,防止香辛料中的亲水性成分的氧化损失,从而显著延长产品的稳定性和保质期。
本发明在加热结晶时边加热边搅拌,使得食盐和β-环糊精的晶体较小,且随搅拌速度的增加,食盐和β-环糊精的晶体会变得十分细小,单位重量的食盐的比表面积急剧增加,其共结晶所携带的香辛料浸提液中亲水性成分的量也显著增加。
为比较不同加工方法对香辛料中风味、抗氧化和抑菌成分的保存效果,在本发明的优化条件下,将重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料粉碎后过30目筛,加入香辛料重量20倍的50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液在50℃下浸泡3h,经压滤后,得到香辛料浸提液,向食盐中加入其重量2倍的香辛料浸提液,并分别加入食盐重量5%的β-环糊精和5%的麦芽糊精,煮沸加热浓缩,边加热边搅拌,锚式搅拌器桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.6m/s,直至物料完全结晶,将香辛料盐共结晶包埋物经粉碎,过30目筛后,称重,装袋,制得无渣的腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+食盐+β-环糊精+麦芽糊精);在同等条件下,分别制备不加麦芽糊精的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+食盐+β-环糊精),不加β-环糊精的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+食盐+麦芽糊精),不加食盐的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+β-环糊精+麦芽糊精),不加β-环糊精和麦芽糊精的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+食盐),不加食盐和麦芽糊精的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+β-环糊精),不加食盐和β-环糊精的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料液+麦芽糊精),以及按传统方法制备的香辛料盐成品(标记为香辛料粉+食盐)。所有样品存放12个月后,分别测定它们清除羟自由基(·OH)和抑制粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)ATCC 51299的能力,结果见附图3和4。
从附图3和4可以看出,采用本发明方法制得的香辛料盐成品存放12个月后清除·OH和抑制粪肠球菌的能力最高,传统产品清除·OH的能力不及其三分之一,抑菌能力小于其二分之一。表明本发明能有效保存香辛料中的风味、抗氧化和抑菌成分。不加麦芽糊精组的清除能力均比加麦芽糊精组要低,表明麦芽糊精不仅能充分包埋β-环糊精,使β-环糊精空腔两端封闭,还能包埋香辛料食盐共结晶物;不加食盐组的清除能力均比加食盐组的要低,表明食盐能与香辛料中的水溶性风味、抗氧化和抑菌成分形成共结晶物,从而显著延长产品的稳定性和保质期。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点。
本发明所确定的混合香辛料组成能有效抑制板鸭氧化和腐败菌,板鸭产品在室温存放保质期达9个月以上,板鸭含盐量≤4.5%,无须添加任何化学防腐剂和抗氧化剂,满足低盐板鸭生产的需要。本发明将混合香辛料粉碎后用50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液浸泡,将香辛料中的醇溶和水溶性的香味物质、抑菌和抗氧化成分充分浸提出来,去除渣子后,与食盐共结晶成速溶、无渣的香辛料盐。香辛料盐使用方便,香辛料中的有效成分能随盐均匀分布在鸭体表面,渗入鸭体速度快,且鸭体表面无香辛料细屑,无须清洗及多次漂洗脱盐,易于实现低盐风味板鸭的标准化绿色生产。
本发明通过β-环糊精包合香辛料中的疏水性成分,并通过麦芽糊精包埋使β-环糊精空腔两端封闭,有效防止香辛料中的疏水性成分的挥发和氧化损失。同时,香辛料中的亲水性成分与食盐共结晶,进入食盐晶体,并被麦芽糊精充分包埋,有效隔绝氧气和光照,防止香辛料中的亲水性成分的氧化损失。与传统香辛料粉相比,本发明所生产的无渣香辛料盐产品具有稳定性好和保质期长的优点。
附图说明
图1为不同加工方法对板鸭过氧化值的影响图。
图2为不同加工方法对板鸭中菌落总数的影响图。
图3为不同样品清除羟自由基(·OH)的能力图。
图4为不同样品抑制粪肠球菌的能力图。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下实施例作进一步地说明。
实施例1。
将重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料粉碎后过30目筛,加入香辛料粉重量20倍的50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液在50℃下浸泡3h,经压滤后,得到香辛料浸提液,向食盐中加入其重量2倍的香辛料浸提液,并分别加入食盐重量5%的β-环糊精和5%的麦芽糊精,经高压蒸汽煮沸,加热浓缩,回收乙醇,边加热边搅拌,锚式搅拌器桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.6m/s,直至水分收干,物料完全结晶,得到香辛料盐共结晶包埋物,将香辛料盐共结晶包埋物经粉碎,过30目筛后,称重,装袋,制得无渣的腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐成品。
所制得的香辛料盐产品在腌制育肥红毛鸭时,添加量为鲜光鸭重的2.7%,使用方便,香辛料中的有效成分能随盐均匀分布在鸭体表面,渗入鸭体速度快,且鸭体表面无香辛料细屑,无须清洗及脱盐,显著减少水、食盐使用量及含盐废水的排放,可实现低盐风味板鸭的标准化绿色生产,抗氧化和抑菌效果显著,板鸭产品保质期达9个月,且可显著降低板鸭的含盐量(≤4.5%),且板鸭风味突出。所制得的香辛料盐产品在袋中存放12个月后,其清除羟自由基(·OH)和二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)的能力均显著高于传统香辛料粉产品,其抑制食品中腐败菌粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)CGMCC1.2135和蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)CGMCC1.260的能力也显著强于传统香辛料粉产品,表明本发明所生产的无渣香辛料盐产品具有稳定性好和保质期长的显著特点。
实施例2。
将重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料粉碎后过30目筛,加入香辛料粉重量20倍的50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液在65℃下浸泡2h,经压滤后,得到香辛料浸提液,向食盐中加入其重量3倍的香辛料浸提液,并加入食盐重量5%的β-环糊精、7.5%的麦芽糊精和5%的味精,经高压蒸汽煮沸,加热浓缩,回收乙醇,边加热边搅拌,锚式搅拌器桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.7m/s,直至水分收干,物料完全结晶,得到香辛料盐共结晶包埋物,将香辛料盐共结晶包埋物经粉碎,过30目筛后,称重,装袋,制得无渣的腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐成品。
所制得的香辛料盐产品在腌制育肥樱桃谷鸭时,添加量为鲜光鸭重的2.7%,使用方便,香辛料中的有效成分能随盐均匀分布在鸭体表面,渗入鸭体速度快,且鸭体表面无香辛料细屑,无须清洗,减少含盐废水的排放,可实现低盐风味板鸭的标准化绿色生产,抗氧化和抑菌效果显著,且可显著降低板鸭的含盐量(≤4.5%)。
实施例3。
将重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料粉碎后过20目筛,加入香辛料粉重量10倍的50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液在70℃下浸泡2h,经压滤后,向香辛料渣中再加入香辛料粉重量10倍的50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液在70℃下浸泡2h,经压滤后,合并两次提取得到的香辛料浸提液,经两次提取后,香辛料中的有效成分提取更加充分,向食盐中加入其重量2倍的香辛料浸提液,并加入食盐重量5%的β-环糊精和食盐重量5%的麦芽糊精,经高压蒸汽煮沸,加热浓缩,回收乙醇,边加热边搅拌,锚式搅拌器桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.6 m/s,直至水分收干,物料完全结晶,得到香辛料盐共结晶包埋物,将香辛料盐共结晶包埋物经粉碎,过30目筛后,称重,装袋,制得无渣的腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐成品。
Claims (8)
1.一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
(1)将重量比为20-30%丁香、20-30%八角、10-20%良姜、10-20%甘草、5-15%花椒和5-15%肉蔻的混合香辛料粉碎后过10-60目筛,加入香辛料粉重量10-30倍的乙醇溶液在30-80℃下浸泡2-5h,经压滤后,得到香辛料浸提液;
(2)向食盐中加入食盐重量1-6倍的香辛料浸提液,并分别加入食盐重量2-10%的β-环糊精和2-10%的麦芽糊精,煮沸加热浓缩,回收乙醇,边加热边搅拌,锚式搅拌器桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.2-1.5m/s,直至水分收干,物料完全结晶,得到香辛料盐共结晶包埋物;
(3)香辛料盐共结晶包埋物经粉碎,过30目筛,制得无渣的腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(1)中重量比为25%丁香、25%八角、15%良姜、15%甘草、10%花椒和10%肉蔻的混合香辛料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(1)中将混合香辛料粉碎后过30目筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(1)中加入香辛料粉重量20倍的乙醇溶液在50℃下浸泡3 h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(1)中乙醇溶液为50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(2)中向食盐中加入食盐重量2倍的香辛料浸提液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(2)中分别加入食盐重量5%的β-环糊精和5%的麦芽糊精。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法,其特征是步骤(2)中桨叶外缘的圆周速度为0.6m/s。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810657938.9A CN108850990A (zh) | 2018-06-25 | 2018-06-25 | 一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810657938.9A CN108850990A (zh) | 2018-06-25 | 2018-06-25 | 一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108850990A true CN108850990A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
Family
ID=64294558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810657938.9A Pending CN108850990A (zh) | 2018-06-25 | 2018-06-25 | 一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108850990A (zh) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005080543A (ja) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-31 | Ishikawa Pref Gov | ショウガ脂溶性成分のサイクロデキストリン包接物の製造方法 |
CN106798299A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-06-06 | 中原工学院 | 一种新型姜黄盐及其制备方法 |
CN107847519A (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-03-27 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 快速溶解共结晶形式的氯化钠 |
CN108030053A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-15 | 洛阳味之泉调味技术有限公司 | 一种速溶香辛料粉末的制备方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-06-25 CN CN201810657938.9A patent/CN108850990A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005080543A (ja) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-31 | Ishikawa Pref Gov | ショウガ脂溶性成分のサイクロデキストリン包接物の製造方法 |
CN107847519A (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-03-27 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 快速溶解共结晶形式的氯化钠 |
CN106798299A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-06-06 | 中原工学院 | 一种新型姜黄盐及其制备方法 |
CN108030053A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-15 | 洛阳味之泉调味技术有限公司 | 一种速溶香辛料粉末的制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
冼寒梅,等: "《广西临床常用中草药》", 31 March 2007, 广西科学技术出版社 * |
郭建生,等: "《实用临床中草药手册》", 31 August 2016, 湖南科学技术出版社 * |
陈士林: "《中药资源学》", 30 April 2018, 中国协和医科大学出版社 * |
陈玉勇,等: "《肉品加工与检测技术》", 28 February 2018, 中国轻工业出版社 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102224937B (zh) | 一种天然植物源调味防腐剂 | |
CN102018263A (zh) | 一种用于保鲜的全天然精油组合物、制备方法及其使用方法 | |
CN106072419B (zh) | 一种木姜子风味复合肉味调料及其制备方法 | |
CN110934268A (zh) | 一种醇香型鲫鱼调理食品及其加工方法 | |
CN101971969A (zh) | 一种风味鮰鱼辣子酱及其制备方法 | |
CN106579066A (zh) | 一种金枪鱼即食鱼白及其加工方法 | |
KR101700439B1 (ko) | 삼채 농축액을 이용한 고등어의 가공방법 | |
CN103461933A (zh) | 一种快速制作油辣椒的方法 | |
KR20200086519A (ko) | 약초 간장 및 된장 제조방법 | |
CN108850984A (zh) | 一种花椒盐制备方法 | |
CN104705425A (zh) | 一种挤压法制备香辛料调味油及制备方法 | |
CN108850993A (zh) | 一种腌制低盐风鹅的香辛料盐制备方法 | |
CN108850995A (zh) | 一种香葱粉制备方法 | |
CN105285834A (zh) | 一种风味大头菜的腌制工艺 | |
KR101793699B1 (ko) | 개소겡 볶음 고추장의 제조방법 | |
CN108850990A (zh) | 一种腌制低盐风味板鸭的香辛料盐制备方法 | |
CN108850986A (zh) | 一种抑制腊肉氧化的香辛料盐制备方法 | |
CN109601775A (zh) | 一种巴沙鱼稚鱼专用配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
KR101582442B1 (ko) | 미역귀 가공식품의 제조방법 및 그 가공식품 | |
CN107183576A (zh) | 一种即食鱼排的真空油炸技术 | |
CN105982235A (zh) | 一种西番莲低盐鸭蛋及其制备方法 | |
CN108850868A (zh) | 一种低盐风味板鸭标准化绿色生产方法 | |
CN108850985A (zh) | 一种大蒜粉制备方法 | |
CN108850992A (zh) | 一种抑制板鸭中粪肠球菌的香辛料盐制备方法 | |
CN108850988A (zh) | 一种抑制板鸭中松鼠葡萄球菌的香辛料盐制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |