CN108849300B - Interplanting method of pinellia ternate and camel thorn with sparse leaves - Google Patents
Interplanting method of pinellia ternate and camel thorn with sparse leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interplanting method of pinellia ternate and camel thorn with sparse leaves, and belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting land and preparing land; 2) planting camel thorn with sparse leaves; 3) planting pinellia ternata; 4) picking the camel thorn leaves; 5) harvesting pinellia ternata; 6) trimming the camel thorn with sparse leaves; 7) and planting pinellia ternata twice. According to the method, the camel thorn with sparse leaves and the pinellia ternate are selected for interplanting, so that the camel thorn with sparse leaves is utilized to provide a shading effect for the pinellia ternate, and lodging and death of the pinellia ternate caused by strong light are avoided; meanwhile, the camel thorn for thinning leaves is a deep-rooted crop, mainly absorbs underground water and has low fertilizer requirement, the water and fertilizer competition degree of two plants during interplanting is reduced, the sufficient water and fertilizer requirement of the pinellia ternate is ensured, and the effect of improving the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternate is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an interplanting method of pinellia ternate and camel thorn with sparse leaves.
Background
Pinellia ternata is a perennial herb of Araceae, uses tubers as a medicine, and is an important medicinal material in Chinese medicine treasury. Collected in summer and autumn when the stem and leaf are flourishing, the peel and fibrous root are removed, and the raw pinellia is obtained after drying in the sun or baking. However, because of its high toxicity, it is usually processed and used, and it is divided into Fa ban Xia, Jiang ban Xia and Qing ban Xia according to the processing method. It is pungent, warm in nature, toxic; it enters spleen, stomach and lung meridians, and has the effects of eliminating dampness and phlegm, regulating stomach, relieving adverse qi, relieving vomit, relieving distension and fullness, and resolving hard mass. For a long time, pinellia ternate is mainly wild, but with the increase of population and the increase of dosage, limited wild resources cannot meet the requirements, and the family planting technology is paid attention to, but the artificial planting of pinellia ternate needs to adopt a shading means at present, so that the investment cost is increased, the quality of pinellia ternate is also reduced, and the requirement of environment-friendly cultivation is not met.
The Camellia oleifera Abel thorn is perennial lignified herb of Leguminosae, has plant height of 60-130cm, gray green stem and branch, and prickle length of 1.2-2.5 cm. Single leaf intertrigo, wide inverted egg shape or nearly circular shape, length of 0.5-2cm, width of 0.4-1.5cm, tip circular, base circular wedge shape, and two sides stuck with short and soft hair; the leaf stalks are 3-10 mm long and grow soft hair. Is distributed in inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang provinces of China. The camel thorn is connected with underground water through a root system, and can obtain enough water to support the growth of the overground mother plant and clone the plant, so that the camel thorn can grow in severe environments such as water shortage, saline and alkaline and the like. The composite material plays a good role in preventing wind and sand all the year round, is a natural sand prevention barrier of a desert-oasis transition zone, is also an excellent forage grass for herbivorous livestock, and has important significance in ecological restoration and animal husbandry development.
In order to solve the problem that pinellia ternate is needed to be shaded manually during planting, the method for interplanting pinellia ternate and fruit trees is generally adopted at present, for example, the method for interplanting liquidambar styraciflua and pinellia ternate disclosed in patent CN 103385092A; CN 107711323A discloses a method for interplanting passion fruit with pinellia ternate. The report only utilizes the shading effect of the fruit trees to resist strong light for the pinellia ternate, avoids lodging and death of the pinellia ternate caused by the strong light, and simultaneously makes full use of planting space and land resources. But pinellia ternate is a yin-tolerant plant instead of a yin-favored plant, and can grow luxuriantly under moderate shading conditions; the fruit trees have tall stems and luxuriant branches and leaves, and the quality and the yield are influenced because the pinellia ternata has insufficient lighting due to an excessively strong shading effect. Meanwhile, pinellia ternate is a fertilizer-loving crop with shallow roots, and the fruit tree is also a fertilizer-loving crop and a water-loving crop, and the fertilizer and the water compete with each other, so that the growth of the pinellia ternate is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the interplanting method of the pinellia ternate and the camel thorn is provided, the camel thorn with the sparse leaf is utilized to provide a shading effect for the pinellia ternate, and lodging and death of the pinellia ternate caused by strong light are avoided; meanwhile, the camel thorn for thinning leaves is a deep-rooted crop, mainly absorbs underground water and has low fertilizer requirement, the water and fertilizer competition degree of two plants during interplanting is reduced, the sufficient water and fertilizer requirement of the pinellia ternate is ensured, and the purpose of improving the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternate is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the interplanting method of the pinellia ternate and the camel thorn comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a sandy wasteland with fertile soil and loose texture, ploughing by 20-25cm and thinning to ensure that the soil is aged and matured for 2-3 months, digging pinellia ternata planting belts with the depth of 22-25cm, the width of 90-100cm and the distance of 30-40cm, paving grass powder with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the planting belts, and pressing again to uniformly embed the grass powder into the soil to form a stable foundation; meanwhile, two side walls of the planting belt are treated by solid bricks and are 5-10cm higher than the ground; applying a proper amount of straw decomposition agent into the planting zone, filling dry horse manure with the thickness of 3-2cm, and filling the wet field soil to the ground; the pinellia ternate planting rows are planted at intervals in camel thorn, and field soil mixed with the dung is filled into the pinellia ternate planting rows until the pinellia ternate planting rows are flush with the hollow bricks;
2) planting the camel thorn with the sparse leaves: transplanting the camel thorn with the plant height of 15-20cm to the middle position of the camel thorn planting row according to the plant spacing of 35-40cm in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, then paving the camel thorn planting row with fallen leaves with the thickness of 1-2cm, and immediately watering until the camel thorn penetrates into soil by less than 5 cm; watering for the second time after 10 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 3 cm; watering for the third time after 25 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 5 cm;
3) planting pinellia ternata: planting tubers in pinellia ternata with 0.5-1cm thick transverse diameter, strong growth and no disease or insect pest in a pinellia ternata planting zone at the beginning of 5 months, planting 1 row of tubers in each side by taking the center line of the planting zone as the standard and planting 1 row of tubers in each side with the row spacing of 12-15cm and the plant spacing of 6-7cm, watering appropriate amount of water after planting with 2cm of soil infiltration, watering dung at 15 days with 3cm of soil infiltration, watering dung once every 30 days later with 2cm of soil infiltration, and not watering dung within 40 days before harvesting;
4) picking the camel thorn leaves: picking leaves in the vigorous growth period of the thin-leaf alhagi sparsifolia, wherein the thin leaves are mainly picked during picking, so that the concentrated picking of the same branch is avoided, and sufficient shading is ensured;
5) harvesting pinellia ternata: digging in autumn and winter in the current year, reserving seeds with diameter below 1cm, mixing with wet fine sand, storing, and re-planting in spring of the next year, peeling tubers with diameter above 1cm, and sun drying to obtain the final product;
6) trimming the camel thorn with sparse leaves: after the pinellia ternate is harvested and before the pinellia ternate enters the winter, camel thorn thinning leaves are properly trimmed, and dense branches and leaves are cut off to ensure reasonable lighting of the pinellia ternate;
7) secondary planting of pinellia ternata: after beginning spring in the next year, planting the reserved tuber seeds of the pinellia ternata according to the method in the step 3).
Further, in the step 1), the selected land and the prepared land are mixed with 0.01 percent of thiophanate methyl wet powder and 0.005 percent of ferrous sulfate in the wet land soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the method, the camel thorn with sparse leaves and the pinellia ternate are selected for interplanting, so that the camel thorn with sparse leaves is utilized to provide a shading effect for the pinellia ternate, and lodging and death of the pinellia ternate caused by strong light are avoided; meanwhile, the camel thorn for thinning leaves is a deep-rooted crop, mainly absorbs underground water and has low fertilizer requirement, the water and fertilizer competition degree of two plants during interplanting is reduced, the sufficient water and fertilizer requirement of the pinellia ternate is ensured, and the effect of improving the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternate is achieved;
2) according to the method, the camel thorn with sparse leaves is selected for interplanting with the pinellia ternata, branches and leaves of the camel thorn with sparse leaves are relatively sparse, the illumination requirement of the pinellia ternata is not influenced while moderate shading conditions are provided for the pinellia ternata, the effect is better compared with that of shading of fruit trees, and the growth vigor, the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternata are higher;
3) according to the method, the camel thorn with sparse leaves and the pinellia ternate are interplanted, and the camel thorn with sparse leaves is provided with the acupuncture, so that people and animals can be prevented from treading on a planting field, the normal growth of the pinellia ternate is further ensured, and the damage to the people and the animals is reduced; meanwhile, the camel thorn can prevent wind and fix sand, so that the influence of the wind and sand on the pinellia ternate is avoided, and the original ecology of the growing environment of the pinellia ternate is ensured;
4) according to the method, the camel thorn with sparse leaves and the pinellia ternate are interplanted, the camel thorn with sparse leaves is pasture with good palatability, is also a good honey source and a good medicinal plant, the planting space, land resources and photo-thermal conditions are fully utilized, and the planting benefit is increased;
5) the grass powder is paved at the bottom of the pinellia ternate planting belt and is pressed heavily to form a stable foundation, so that water and nutrients can be prevented from seeping downwards to cause water and fertilizer waste, and the situation that the root system of the camel spikemoss stretches into the pinellia ternate planting belt to compete with the pinellia ternate to form water and fertilizer is avoided;
6) according to the method, the camel thorn with sparse leaves and the pinellia ternate are selected for interplanting, the camel thorn with sparse leaves has good sand fixing capacity, a new idea is provided for planting the pinellia ternate in the windy and sandy front area, and the social benefit is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific examples to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The interplanting method of the pinellia ternate and the camel thorn comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a sandy wasteland with fertile soil and loose texture, ploughing by 20-25cm and thinning to ensure that the soil is aged and matured for 2-3 months, digging pinellia ternata planting belts with the depth of 22-25cm, the width of 90-100cm and the distance of 30-40cm, paving grass powder with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the planting belts, and pressing again to uniformly embed the grass powder into the soil to form a stable foundation; meanwhile, two side walls of the planting belt are treated by solid bricks and are 5-10cm higher than the ground; applying a proper amount of straw decomposition agent into the planting zone, filling dry horse manure with the thickness of 3-2cm, and filling the wet field soil to the ground; the pinellia ternate planting field is a camel thorn planting row with intervals, field soil mixed with fecal soil is filled into the pinellia ternate planting row until the field soil is flush with the hollow brick, wherein the wet field soil is mixed with 0.01% of thiophanate methyl wet powder and 0.005% of ferrous sulfate;
2) planting the camel thorn with the sparse leaves: transplanting the camel thorn with the plant height of 15-20cm to the middle position of the camel thorn planting row according to the plant spacing of 35-40cm in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, then paving the camel thorn planting row with fallen leaves with the thickness of 1-2cm, and immediately watering until the camel thorn penetrates into soil by less than 5 cm; watering for the second time after 10 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 3 cm; watering for the third time after 25 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 5 cm;
3) planting pinellia ternata: planting tubers in pinellia ternata with 0.5-1cm thick transverse diameter, strong growth and no disease or insect pest in a pinellia ternata planting zone at the beginning of 5 months, planting 1 row of tubers in each side by taking the center line of the planting zone as the standard and planting 1 row of tubers in each side with the row spacing of 12-15cm and the plant spacing of 6-7cm, watering appropriate amount of water after planting with 2cm of soil infiltration, watering dung at 15 days with 3cm of soil infiltration, watering dung once every 30 days later with 2cm of soil infiltration, and not watering dung within 40 days before harvesting;
4) picking the camel thorn leaves: picking leaves in the vigorous growth period of the thin-leaf alhagi sparsifolia, wherein the thin leaves are mainly picked during picking, so that the concentrated picking of the same branch is avoided, and sufficient shading is ensured;
5) harvesting pinellia ternata: digging in autumn and winter in the current year, reserving seeds with diameter below 1cm, mixing with wet fine sand, storing, and re-planting in spring of the next year, peeling tubers with diameter above 1cm, and sun drying to obtain the final product;
6) trimming the camel thorn with sparse leaves: after the pinellia ternate is harvested and before the pinellia ternate enters the winter, camel thorn thinning leaves are properly trimmed, and dense branches and leaves are cut off to ensure reasonable lighting of the pinellia ternate;
7) after beginning spring in the next year, the reserved tuber seeds of the pinellia ternata are planted according to the method in the step 3).
Example 2
The interplanting method of the pinellia ternate and the camel thorn comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a sandy wasteland with fertile soil and loose texture, ploughing by 20-25cm and thinning to ensure that the soil is aged and matured for 2-3 months, digging pinellia ternata planting belts with the depth of 22-25cm, the width of 90-100cm and the distance of 30-40cm, paving grass powder with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the planting belts, and pressing again to uniformly embed the grass powder into the soil to form a stable foundation; meanwhile, two side walls of the planting belt are treated by solid bricks and are 5-10cm higher than the ground; applying a proper amount of straw decomposition agent into the planting zone, filling dry horse manure with the thickness of 3-2cm, and filling the wet field soil to the ground; the pinellia ternate planting rows are planted at intervals in camel thorn, and field soil mixed with the dung is filled into the pinellia ternate planting rows until the pinellia ternate planting rows are flush with the hollow bricks;
2) planting the camel thorn with the sparse leaves: transplanting the camel thorn with the plant height of 15-20cm to the middle position of the camel thorn planting row according to the plant spacing of 35-40cm in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, then paving the camel thorn planting row with fallen leaves with the thickness of 1-2cm, and immediately watering until the camel thorn penetrates into soil by less than 5 cm; watering for the second time after 10 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 3 cm; watering for the third time after 25 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 5 cm;
3) planting pinellia ternata: planting tubers in pinellia ternata with 0.5-1cm thick transverse diameter, strong growth and no disease or insect pest in a pinellia ternata planting zone at the beginning of 5 months, planting 1 row of tubers in each side by taking the center line of the planting zone as the standard and planting 1 row of tubers in each side with the row spacing of 12-15cm and the plant spacing of 6-7cm, watering appropriate amount of water after planting with 2cm of soil infiltration, watering dung at 15 days with 3cm of soil infiltration, watering dung once every 30 days later with 2cm of soil infiltration, and not watering dung within 40 days before harvesting;
4) picking the camel thorn leaves: picking leaves in the vigorous growth period of the thin-leaf alhagi sparsifolia, wherein the thin leaves are mainly picked during picking, so that the concentrated picking of the same branch is avoided, and sufficient shading is ensured;
5) harvesting pinellia ternata: digging in autumn and winter in the current year, reserving seeds with diameter below 1cm, mixing with wet fine sand, storing, and re-planting in spring of the next year, peeling tubers with diameter above 1cm, and sun drying to obtain the final product;
6) trimming the camel thorn with sparse leaves: after the pinellia ternate is harvested and before the pinellia ternate enters the winter, camel thorn thinning leaves are properly trimmed, and dense branches and leaves are cut off to ensure reasonable lighting of the pinellia ternate;
7) after beginning spring in the next year, the reserved tuber seeds of the pinellia ternata are planted according to the method in the step 3).
Example 3
The interplanting method of the pinellia ternate and the camel thorn comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: selecting sandy wasteland with fertile soil and loose texture, applying rotten farmyard manure of 2000-2500 kg/mu, ploughing by 20-25cm and thinning to make ridges with width of 30-40cm, height of 5-10cm and width of 90-100cm after soil is weathered and aged for 2-3 months,
2) planting the camel thorn with the sparse leaves: transplanting leaf-thinning camel spines with the plant height of 15-20cm into the ridge surface position according to the plant spacing of 35-40cm in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, immediately watering until the leaf-thinning camel spines penetrate into soil by less than 5 cm; watering for the second time after 10 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 3 cm; watering for the third time after 25 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 5 cm;
3) planting pinellia ternata: planting tubers in pinellia ternata which are 0.5-1cm thick in transverse diameter, strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests in furrows at the beginning of 5 months, planting 1 row of tubers in pinellia ternata on two sides according to the row spacing of 12-15cm and the plant spacing of 6-7cm by taking the center line of the furrows as the standard, planting 1 row of tubers in pinellia ternata and leaf-thinning camel thorn at the horizontal spacing of not less than 45cm, pouring appropriate amount of water after planting according to the amount of 2cm penetrated into the soil, pouring manure water in 15 days according to the amount of 3cm penetrated into the soil, pouring manure water once every 30 days later according to the amount of 2cm penetrated into the soil, and not pouring the manure water in 40 days before harvesting;
4) picking the camel thorn leaves: picking leaves in the vigorous growth period of the thin-leaf alhagi sparsifolia, wherein the thin leaves are mainly picked during picking, so that the concentrated picking of the same branch is avoided, and sufficient shading is ensured;
5) harvesting pinellia ternata: digging in autumn and winter in the current year, reserving seeds with diameter below 1cm, mixing with wet fine sand, storing, and re-planting in spring of the next year, peeling tubers with diameter above 1cm, and sun drying to obtain the final product;
6) trimming the camel thorn with sparse leaves: after the pinellia ternate is harvested and before the pinellia ternate enters the winter, camel thorn thinning leaves are properly trimmed, and dense branches and leaves are cut off to ensure reasonable lighting of the pinellia ternate;
7) after beginning spring in the next year, the reserved tuber seeds of the pinellia ternata are planted according to the method in the step 3).
After the pinellia ternate seedlings are planted by the method in the embodiment, the pinellia ternate seedlings grow well and grow luxuriantly without lodging and death phenomena, wherein the pinellia ternate seedlings grow well without lodging and death phenomena, and the good shading effect is achieved by interplanting the camel thorn and the pinellia ternate. The pinellia ternate grows luxuriantly, so that the shading condition provided for the pinellia ternate by the Camellia oleifera is moderate, and the illumination requirement in the growing process of the pinellia ternate is not influenced.
After the pinellia ternata is harvested in autumn in the current year, the yield of the fresh pinellia ternata is counted, and the result shows that: example 1 shows that the yield of the fresh pinellia ternate is the highest, is improved by 7.8% compared with example 3, and the yield of the fresh pinellia ternate is improved by 4.5% compared with example 3 in example 2, which shows that the yield of the pinellia ternate is obviously improved by treating a planting field. In addition, the tuber of pinellia ternata with the diameter of more than 1cm harvested in the examples 1 and 2 is obviously more than that harvested in the example 3, which shows that the quality of the pinellia ternata is obviously improved by treating the planting field in the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The interplanting method of the pinellia ternate and the camel thorn with the sparse leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a sandy wasteland with fertile soil and loose texture, ploughing by 20-25cm and raking finely, digging a pinellia ternate planting belt with the depth of 22-25cm, the width of 90-100cm and the distance of 30-40cm after the soil is weathered and cured for 2-3 months, paving grass powder with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the planting belt, and pressing again to uniformly embed the grass powder into the soil to form a stable foundation; meanwhile, two side walls of the planting belt are treated by solid bricks and are 5-10cm higher than the ground; applying a proper amount of straw decomposition agent into the planting zone, filling dry horse manure with the thickness of 3-2cm, and filling the wet field soil to the ground; the pinellia ternate planting rows are planted at intervals in camel thorn, and field soil mixed with the dung is filled into the pinellia ternate planting rows until the pinellia ternate planting rows are flush with the hollow bricks;
2) planting the camel thorn with the sparse leaves: transplanting the camel thorn with the plant height of 15-20cm to the middle position of the camel thorn planting row according to the plant spacing of 35-40cm in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, then paving the camel thorn planting row with fallen leaves with the thickness of 1-2cm, and immediately watering until the camel thorn penetrates into soil by less than 5 cm; watering for the second time after 10 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 3 cm; watering for the third time after 25 days, wherein the watering is based on the condition that the soil is infiltrated by less than 5 cm;
3) planting pinellia ternata: planting tubers in pinellia ternata with 0.5-1cm thick transverse diameter, strong growth and no disease or insect pest in a pinellia ternata planting zone at the beginning of 5 months, planting 1 row of tubers in each side by taking the center line of the planting zone as the standard and planting 1 row of tubers in each side with the row spacing of 12-15cm and the plant spacing of 6-7cm, watering appropriate amount of water after planting with 2cm of soil infiltration, watering dung at 15 days with 3cm of soil infiltration, watering dung once every 30 days later with 2cm of soil infiltration, and not watering dung within 40 days before harvesting;
4) picking the camel thorn leaves: picking leaves in the vigorous growth period of the thin-leaf alhagi sparsifolia, wherein the thin leaves are mainly picked during picking, so that the concentrated picking of the same branch is avoided, and sufficient shading is ensured;
5) harvesting pinellia ternata: digging in autumn and winter in the current year, reserving seeds with diameter below 1cm, mixing with wet fine sand, storing, and re-planting in spring of the next year, peeling tubers with diameter above 1cm, and sun drying to obtain the final product;
6) trimming the camel thorn with sparse leaves: after the pinellia ternate is harvested and before the pinellia ternate enters the winter, camel thorn thinning leaves are properly trimmed, and dense branches and leaves are cut off to ensure reasonable lighting of the pinellia ternate;
7) secondary planting of pinellia ternata: after beginning spring in the next year, planting the reserved tuber seeds of the pinellia ternata according to the method in the step 3).
2. The interplanting method of pinellia ternate and camel thorn with sparse leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interplanting method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the selected land and the prepared land are mixed with 0.01 percent of thiophanate methyl wet powder and 0.005 percent of ferrous sulfate.
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