CN108782095A - A kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil clover method for transplanting - Google Patents
A kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil clover method for transplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782095A CN108782095A CN201810700795.5A CN201810700795A CN108782095A CN 108782095 A CN108782095 A CN 108782095A CN 201810700795 A CN201810700795 A CN 201810700795A CN 108782095 A CN108782095 A CN 108782095A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil clover method for transplanting, is related to arable farming field, including treats the clover root of transplanting clover and carry out truncation, and clover root long degree is made to be more than 20cm, the transplanting clover that obtains that treated；Transplanting cave is excavated to clover field, so that transplanting acupoint depth is more than the clover root long degree, while soil when excavating transplanting cave is carried out break process, obtains original soil soil；By treated, transplanting clover moves in transplanting cave, and carries out root bottom part fixing process, root landfill disposal and anti-compaction to it successively using the original soil soil Jing Guo break process and handle, completion clover transplanting.The method of the present invention is simple, need not use fertilizer, need not more be improved to soil, survival rate is 85% or more, and at low cost, universality is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arable farming fields, more particularly to light moderate saline-alkali soil clover method for transplanting.
Technical background
Salt-soda soil is a type of salt aggregation, refer to inside soil contained by salinity influence the normal life of crop
Long, according to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the area in whole world salt-soda soil is 9.5438 hundred million hectares,
Wherein China is 99,130,000 hectares.The formation of China's alkaline earth and alkali-affected soil, it is most of accumulative related with Carbonates In Soil,
Thus basicity is generally higher, and serious salt affected soil regional plant can hardly survive.
Clover is the general designation of clover, has higher feeding value, is had to the farming industry in China great
Meaning, meanwhile, it is strong to the tolerance of arid, especially there is certain effect to the improvement in salt-soda soil, such as hair it is brave etc.
Experiment and soil physical chemistry data disclosed in " influence of the Planting Medicago sativa to alkaline land improving effect " can be seen that Planting Medicago sativa pair
The improvement in salt-soda soil has certain effect really.But since the carbonate in salt-soda soil and alkalization degree are high, plant survival rate is low,
Even in light salt-soda soil long-term cropping, for emergence rate only within the scope of 70%-80%, the emergence rate of moderate saline-alkali soil is lower.
In order to promote the improvement in salt-soda soil by Planting Medicago sativa, China's land use area is improved, a large amount of lucerne can be carried out
Mu transplants work, however the soil physico-chemical property due to salt-soda soil is different from loam, sandy loam etc., and hardened, shifting is easy after watering
It is be easy to cause after cultivation and runs wind leakage entropy, clover rootstock is exposed, is greatly lowered so as to cause clover transplanting survival rate, and survival rate is only
50% or so, it is unfavorable for the development of salt-soda soil Planting Medicago sativa research work.
Invention content
To solve technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of for light moderate saline-alkali soil clover cultivation side
Method, the method for the present invention can make soil combine closely with clover root and rootstock, avoid hardened, ground cleave, reduce irrigation times, in turn
The survival rate that clover is transplanted in light moderate saline-alkali soil is set to reach 85% or more.
Technical purpose to realize the present invention, the present invention provide a kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil clover cultural method, including：
The clover root for treating transplanting clover carries out truncation, so that clover root long degree is more than 20cm, obtains that treated
Transplant clover；
Transplanting cave is excavated to clover field, so that transplanting cave is more than the clover root long degree deeply, while will excavate when transplanting cave
Soil carries out break process, obtains original soil soil；
Will treated transplanting clover move to transplanting cave in, and using Jing Guo break process original soil soil successively to its into
Row foundation fixing process, root landfill disposal and anti-compaction processing, complete clover transplanting.
In particular, before carrying out anti-compaction processing, the clover after the landfill disposal of root is irrigated.
Wherein, the clover to be transplanted is the biennial above clover.
In particular, the clover of the transplanting is more than biennial, and in the clover in branch later stage to later stage of buddingging.
Wherein, the truncation is blocked to root lower part, is retained rootstock and is not blocked between position to root lower part
Root long.
Preferably, the truncation is blocked to the root lower part of main root, is retained rootstock and is not blocked to main root lower part
Root long between position.
Wherein, the root long length after the truncation is more than 20cm, long less than main root when not blocking.
Preferably, the length of the root long is 20-30cm.
It is further preferred that the length of the root long is 21-28cm.
Wherein, the hill spacing between the transplanting cave is 60-100 centimetres of line-spacing, 50-80 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
Wherein, the break process is crushed to field bulk soil, and it is in macroscopic soil particle to make it.
Wherein, any field, which may be used, commonly in the crumbling method of the break process can make bulk soil broken
Broken method carries out, such as taps, and rolls.
Wherein, described is to transplant the root bottom part of clover to treated using the original soil soil of moistening to foundation fixing process
It carries out burying soil, keeps the root bottom part of transplanting clover tentatively fixed.
Wherein, the soil that buries is that the rootstock 10-15cm or less that adjusts the distance carries out burying soil.
Preferably, the soil that buries is that the rootstock 15cm or less that adjusts the distance carries out burying soil.
Wherein, described is the original soil soil-burial that will moisten in preliminary fixed foundation to root landfill disposal, landfill
Afterwards, clover rootstock is less than soil surface 3-5cm.
Wherein, the water content of the original soil soil of the moistening is more than 40%.
Preferably, the water content of the original soil soil of the moistening is 50-70%.
Wherein, the clover after the landfill disposal to root carry out irrigate be make the water content in transplanting cave reach 80% with
On.
Wherein, anti-compaction processing is to spread the broken dry original soil soil of lid in the soil surface of root landfill disposal, is buried
To the middle part of rootstock.
Wherein, the thickness that the broken dry original soil soil spreads lid is 2-3cm, is buried to the middle part of rootstock.
Wherein, the water content of the broken dry original soil soil is less than 20%.
Advantageous effect
1, the present invention makes the contact area of root system and soil increase by retaining longer root long degree, increases root system to soil
The absorption of earth nutrient, improve clover mild or moderate salt-soda soil transplanting survival rate.
2, the soil particle after present invention use is smashed carries out field planting fixation to the root bottom part of clover successively and backfill is treaded,
It effectively prevent the evaporation of water in soil that leaks out, transplanting survival rate of the raising clover in mild or moderate salt-soda soil.
3, the live storage when present invention utilizes the space of rootstock not only to enable watering ensures the full of root soil moisture
With, and influence of the earth surface wind to soil at rootstock can also be reduced, slow down water evaporation rate, slows down soil hardening and improve clover
Transplanting survival rate in mild or moderate salt-soda soil.
4, the broken dry ground that the present invention is spread in using the transplanting cave after irrigation, and so that it is buried to the middle part of rootstock and subtract
On the other hand the evaporation of slow deep carbonate rocks is prevented since quickly the factors such as lost lead to topsoil for direct sunlight, moisture
It is hardened, cracking, further increase clover mild or moderate salt-soda soil transplanting survival rate.
5, method for transplanting and side that soil is improved of the method for the present invention compared to conventional method for transplanting, using fertilizer
Method, transplanting survival rate are higher.
6, the method for the present invention is easy to operate, and fertilizer need not be used during transplanting, need not more be improved to soil,
Survival rate is above 85% or more, and at low cost, universality is wide.
Specific implementation mode
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.Institute in following embodiments
Material, reagent etc., are commercially available unless otherwise specified.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that following institute
The content of specific descriptions is illustrative rather than restricted, should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Just a kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil clover method for transplanting provided by the present invention is described further below.
It should be noted that the so-called light moderate saline-alkali soil soil of the present invention is sulfate chloride solonchak, salt content (0-
30 cm layer of soil) it is no more than 0.4%, representative region includes the salt of the Bohai Rim such as Huanghua, salt hill, Shandong region
Alkali.
It should be noted that the so-called rootstock of the present invention is the intersection of overground part and underground part.
Embodiment 1
1, the root processing of clover
Before clover transplanting, the root of clover to be transplanted is blocked, and blocks mode using in the prior art any
One kind, such as clover root is blocked using tools such as scissors, when blocking, retains rootstock and be more than 20 centimetres to root lower part
Position.
The root long degree that the present invention retains is considerably longer than reservation root long degree when non-salt-soda soil, the contact area of root system and soil
Increase, can more absorb the nutrient in soil for plant absorption.
2, site preparation is handled
2.1 excavate transplanting cave
Clover field is operated according to the method for soil preparation in local non-salt-soda soil, and is 80 centimetres of line-spacing, strain according to hill spacing
Line-spacing and spacing in the rows away from 60 centimetres excavate transplanting cave in field, the root long of cave is more than that treated for root deeply clover.
It should be noted that in an embodiment of the present invention, any number of the line-spacing at 60-100 centimetres, such as 61,63,
65,67,69,71,73,75,77,79,81,83,85,87,89,90,91,93,95,97,99；Times of the spacing in the rows at 50-80 centimetres
Anticipate numerical value, such as 51,53,55,57,59,61,63,65,67,69,70,71,73,75,77,79 can realize the present invention
Technical purpose.
The processing of 2.2 soil
Bulk soil in soil when excavating transplanting cave is crushed, broken soil particle diameter is no more than 1 centimetre,
For use.Break process may be used it is in the prior art it is any can make the mode of bulk soil breaking, such as use work
Tool taps soil, is rolled, and can directly be carried out in field.
The present invention does not use the soil of bulk directly when burying clover root, and to transplanting cave after soil is smashed
It backfilled, treaded, the evaporation of water in soil that leaks out can be effectively prevent in this way, improve transplanting survival rate.
3, transplanting is handled
The present invention fills up transplanting cave using the original soil in field, i.e., the soil generated using transplanting cave is excavated.Due to
The surface layer for excavating transplanting cave generation soil is in direct contact air, and soil is more dry, and water content is few, generally 20% hereinafter, can make
Soil when being handled for anti-compaction；And surface layer soil moisture below, with the increase of depth, humidity is gradually larger, generally exists
30% or more, it can be used as foundation fixing process and root landfill disposal soil, each step of transplanting processing is carried out below
Explanation.
3.1 field planting are handled
The root bottom part progress single plant for transplanting clover to treated using the original soil soil (i.e. the original soil in field) of moistening is fixed
Soil is buried in plant, by about 15 centimetres of clover root bottom part with lower part bury soil carry out it is tentatively fixed, that is, adjust the distance rootstock 15cm with
Under root carry out burying soil
Wherein, the original soil soil of moistening refers to upper soll layer soil below.
Wherein, field planting is carried out to the root bottom part for transplanting clover to bury soil and can also be the roots below rootstock 10cm of adjusting the distance
It carries out burying soil, if transplanting cave is too deep and excessively shallow, can be adjusted.
The present invention carries out burying soil using the original soil soil of moistening to the root bottom part of clover can be fixed on clover single plant conjunction
Suitable position can be adjusted if transplanting cave is too deep and excessively shallow.
3.2 root landfill disposals
After plant is tentatively fixed, continues to fill the original soil soil of moistening into transplanting cave, make clover rootstock
Upper end is less than 3-5 centimetres of earth's surface, and the upper soll layer in cave is less than 3-5 centimetres of rootstock.
3.3 irrigating
Transplanting cave after landfill disposal is irrigated, irrigation method is carried out using the prior art, and irrigation volume is that can make
It transplants soil moisture content in cave and is more than 80%.
After irrigation, the soil height transplanted in cave reduces, and clover rootstock generates space, generated sky in transplanting cave
Between on the one hand be convenient for watering when can live storage, make root soil water saturation to reach；On the other hand, earth surface wind pair is reduced
The influence of soil, slows down water evaporation rate at rootstock.
The processing of 3.4 anti-compactions
The broken dry ground of lid 2-3 cm thicks is spread in transplanting cave after irrigation, is buried to the middle part of rootstock.
Since the glutinous weight of alkaline land soil quality is fine and close, soil is easily hardened after pouring water, and permeability is poor, is unfavorable for transplanting clover
It survives.The broken dry ground of Surface mulch, on the one hand can slow down the evaporation of deep carbonate rocks, on the other hand prevent due to direct sunlight,
Moisture quickly scatter and disappear etc. factors cause topsoil it is hardened, cracking.
After transplanting, field is carried out using local conventional method and is managed and protected.
Test example 1
1, experimental field overview
Trial zone is set to the Hebei province Huanghua City farms Zhong Jie garden, is located in North China Plain the east, topography is flat, western highest
15.7 meters of height above sea level, 3 meters of east highest height above sea level.Belong to the continental monsoon climate of warm temperate zone semi-moist, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, illumination is sufficient, rain
Heat same season.12.9 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, 219.1 days frost-free periods, 7 26.6 DEG C of monthly mean temperatures, 41.8 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperature
(on July 14th, 2002), 1-3.8 DEG C of monthly mean temperature ,-21.6 DEG C of Annual lowest climate temperature (on January 23rd, 2016).Annual
567.8 millimeters of precipitation, precipitation focused mostly in summer, accounted for about 73% of annual precipitation or so；Winter-Spring precipitation is rare, evaporation capacity
Greatly, arid is serious.Solar radiation resource is relatively abundant, annual sunshine time 2461.9 hours.
Soil is sulfate chloride solonchak.Topsoil (0~20cm) content of organic matter 17.02g/ when on-test
Kg, full nitrogen 0.144g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 6.79mg/kg, full phosphorus 0.749g/kg, rapid available phosphorus 6.35mg/kg, available potassium 86.06mg/
Kg, pH 8.11, salinity 0.34%.
2, experimental cultivar
Lucerne 3 and middle lucerne 1 in local main popularizing planting kind.
3, test process
The single plant of two alfalfa varieties is transplanted on April 28th, 2017, transplanting material includes No. 1 1012 plants of middle lucerne
With No. 3 752 plants of middle lucerne.The single plant of each kind is equally divided into four parts, is set to test group, control group 1, control group 2, right
It is tested according to group 3.Wherein, test group is carried out using the method for the present invention, and fertilizer and growth regulator are not used during transplanting；
Control group 2 uses conventional method for transplanting to carry out, that is, when retaining root long degree, burying depth, the backfill for cheating depth as conventional field transplanting
Without using the soil after smashing, rootstock is suitable with the soil height after watering, soil surface not after watering spreads dry ground；It is right
It is to place fertilizer in transplanting cave according to group 3, other are identical as 2 method of control group；Control group 4 is the soil to being dug out from transplanting cave
It is improved, makes the reduction of its saline and alkaline, and spread in transplanting cave and be covered with organic substance fertilizer, other are identical as the method for control group 2.
Field management method in the above method is identical, and irrigation time and irrigation volume are identical.Transplanting counts transplanting survival rate after two months.
1 transplanting survival rate statistical result of table
According to statistical result shown in table 1 it is found that the survival rate transplanted using this method than control group 1 survival rate
It is high by 50% or more, it is higher than the survival rate of control group 2 by 30% or more, it is higher than the survival rate of control group 3 by 14% or more, it is seen then that this hair
Although bright method does not use fertilizer during transplanting, do not improved to soil, its transplanting survival rate is but higher than
By the control group of above-mentioned processing.
Especially, using the method for the present invention, the low technical barrier of salt-soda soil transplanting clover survival rate has been captured, in salt-soda soil
All there is major contribution using field and alfalfa cultivation field.
Although above-mentioned elaborate the present invention, but not limited to this, those skilled in the art can basis
The principle of the present invention is modified, and therefore, the various modifications that all principles according to the invention carry out all should be understood as falling into this
The protection domain of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil clover method for transplanting, which is characterized in that including：
The clover root for treating transplanting clover carries out truncation, and clover root long degree is made to be more than 20cm, the transplanting that obtains that treated
Clover；
To clover field excavate transplanting cave, make transplanting acupoint depth be more than the clover root long degree, while by excavate transplant cave when soil
Earth carries out break process, obtains original soil soil；
By treated, transplanting clover moves in transplanting cave, and carries out root to it successively using the original soil soil Jing Guo break process
Bottom fixing process, root landfill disposal and anti-compaction processing, complete clover transplanting.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that, be to root landfill disposal before carrying out anti-compaction processing
Clover afterwards is irrigated.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the clover to be transplanted is the biennial above clover.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the truncation is blocked to the end portion of root,
Retain rootstock and does not block the root long between position to root lower end.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that wherein, the root long length after the truncation is more than 20cm,
It is long less than main root when not blocking.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the break process is crushed to field bulk soil,
It is in macroscopic soil particle to make it.
7. the method as described in right wants 1, which is characterized in that described is using the original soil soil pair moistened to foundation fixing process
The root bottom part of treated transplanting clover carries out burying soil, keeps the root bottom part of transplanting clover tentatively fixed.
8. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that the soil that buries is 3-5 centimetres of rootstock or less progress of adjusting the distance
Bury soil.
9. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described is to fill out the original soil soil of moistening to root landfill disposal
It is embedded in preliminary fixed foundation, after landfill, clover rootstock is less than 3-5 centimetres of soil surface.
10. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the anti-compaction processing is the soil in root landfill disposal
The broken dry original soil soil of lid is spread on surface, is buried to the middle part of rootstock.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110178678A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-30 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A method of high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability is mentioned using green manure |
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2018
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| CN102884937A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-01-23 | 扬州大学 | Moderate saline-alkali soil castor bean cultivating, transplanting and planting method |
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Inventor after: Zhang Tiejun Inventor after: Shen Yuhua Inventor after: Kang Junmei Inventor after: Long Ruicai Inventor after: Lv Huigang Inventor after: Yang Qingchuan Inventor before: Zhang Tiejun Inventor before: Kang Junmei Inventor before: Long Ruicai Inventor before: Zhao Zhongxiang Inventor before: Lv Huigang Inventor before: Li Yajun Inventor before: Yang Qingchuan |
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