CN110178678A - A method of high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability is mentioned using green manure - Google Patents
A method of high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability is mentioned using green manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110178678A CN110178678A CN201910535856.1A CN201910535856A CN110178678A CN 110178678 A CN110178678 A CN 110178678A CN 201910535856 A CN201910535856 A CN 201910535856A CN 110178678 A CN110178678 A CN 110178678A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, it include: the alfalfa seed of vernalization health, and constant temperature incubation obtains clover seedling in the compost containing original soil, by clover transplantation of seedlings to the clover Tanaka for applying green manure, it carries out cradling for the first time when clover reaches flowering stage, applies green compound fertilizer after cradling, clover is made to reach flowering stage again, it is cradled for the second time, harvests flowering stage clover as alfalfa products.The invention has the advantages that making alfalfa after artificial culture, it is transplanted into again barrenly, in salt-soda soil etc. low fertility area, the cold-resistant of clover, drought-resistant ability can be enhanced, improve the yield and quality of alfalfa products, green manure is mainly used during entire alfalfa growing simultaneously, the salinization and alkalization in clover field can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Alfalfa Growing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of to mention high, normal, basic fertility area purple using green manure
The method of russian fenugreek herb growth ability.
Background technique
Alfalfa is a kind of good herbage, containing a large amount of vegetable protein, is known as the laudatory title of " King of Pasture ".It is purple
The nutriments such as protein rich in, minerals, a variety of amino acid, vitamin in russian fenugreek herb.Alfalfa flowering stage is thick
Protein content reaches 23% or so, is 2.5 times of The Corn Protein content, it is necessary to which the more contents of amino acid classes are high, wherein lysine
Content is about 5 times of corn, and arginine, histidine etc. are as many as 2 times of corn, is most long excellent of cultivation history in the world
One of herbage and the maximum tame forage grass of China's cultivated area.
Since the 1990s, with the rise of alfalfa industry, requirement to alfalfa variety is continuously improved, either from
The quality of winter resistance, drought resistance, Saline alkali tolerance of alfalfa itself etc. or alfalfa products has higher requirement.For
This, domestic and foreign scholars also grind alfalfa plant character, Economic Characters, degeneration-resistant character and nutrition condition etc. deepening continuously
Study carefully.Currently, China's alfalfa be mainly planted in not no irrigation conditions barrenly, in salt-soda soil etc. low fertility area, therefore
The growth ability for how improving alfalfa, the yield and quality for improving alfalfa products is assistant officer's problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention, which provides, a kind of mentions high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa energy using green manure
The method of power, the compost that this method is prepared by using original soil cultivate clover seedling, can greatly improve purple after transplanting
The survival rate of russian fenugreek herb applies green compound fertilizer by being transplanted in the clover Tanaka for applying green manure, and after cradling every time, mentions
The high growing power of alfalfa, make in low fertility area plantation alfalfa flowering stage can reach higher quality with
Yield.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
The method that high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability is mentioned using green manure, which comprises the following steps:
The alfalfa seed of S1, vernalization health, and sowed in the compost of constant temperature；
S2, by the alfalfa transplantation of seedlings turned out in step S1 to the clover Tanaka for applying green manure；
S3, it carries out cradling for the first time in alfalfa flowering stage；
S4, green compound fertilizer is applied to alfalfa after cradling for the first time；
S5, the alfalfa in S4 are cradled for the second time when reaching flowering stage again；
S6, clover grow into flowering stage every time and are cradled, and apply green compound fertilizer after having cradled, progress can be repeated several times.
Further, the compost in the step S1 by original soil, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan and potato water prepare and
At.
Further, original soil in the compost, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan weight ratio be 40-60:15-20:
10-15:2-5, the additive amount of potato water are the 10~30% of the sum of original soil, milk powder, chitosan and bentonite volume.
Further, the thermostat temperature in the step S1 be 30-35 DEG C, constant temperature can by greenhouse or will culture
Slot is placed on heated at constant temperature bed and realizes, can also by other it is existing any one realize the method for soil conservation constant temperature.
Further, the green manure in the step S2 is by sweet clover, stalk, branches and leaves, animal wastes and river embankment mud retting
It is formed at villose vetch pile-turning is added after base manure.
Further, the sweet clover, stalk, branches and leaves, animal wastes, river embankment mud, villose vetch weight ratio be 30-
50:60-70:20-40:40-50:50-60:180-225, the weight ratio of branch and leaf is 1-2:3-5 in the branches and leaves；Leaf has rich
Rich reticular fiber structure, can play good connection function, while making other compositions weave in, while branch is again
Certain gap can be provided for green manure, be conducive to improve soil texture to promote Growth of Alfalfa.
Further, the step S3 Zhong Lv compound fertilizer is mixed by green manure, urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer, the green manure,
The weight ratio of urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer is 60-80:20-40:15-25.
Further, the applied amount of green manure is every 210-260kg/ mus.
Further, the applied amount of green compound fertilizer is every 210-260kg/ mus.
Original soil in the present invention, which refers to crush after the soil of the clover Tanaka wait transplant is dried to water content less than 5%, to be obtained
Soil.
Potato water in the present invention are as follows: after shredding potato, the clear water that 2.5-6 times of weight is added boils at 70-80 DEG C
The mixed liquor formed after 30min.
Milk powder, bentonite and chitosan, uric acid, nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer in the present invention are any one of city's mid-sales.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Alfalfa seedling is cultivated by the present invention in that preparing compost with original soil, the clover after enabling transplanting is timely
The environment in clover field is adapted to, shortens the seedling-slowing stage of alfalfa after transplanting, improves the survival rate and growth speed of clover；
The present invention applies green manure to soil before alfalfa transplanting, can not only increase the fertility of soil, promotes alfalfa
Fast-growth, moreover it is possible to reduce using chemical fertilizer salinization of soil caused by soil injure；Apply after each clover cradles to clover
Green compound fertilizer of the invention can provide required nutrient for clover in time, improve the growing power of alfalfa, make purple
Russian fenugreek herb flowering stage i.e. can reach higher quality and yield, be particularly suitable in low fertility area Alfalfa Growing.
The tolerance to cold and drought-resistant ability that alfalfa plants can be significantly improved using implantation methods of the invention, make it
It can the low fertility area preferably growth in cold, arid.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, there are also other objects, features and advantages by the present invention.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, is not used to limit
The fixed present invention.
A kind of method proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure of the invention is implemented for example
Under:
Embodiment 1
1, the processing of seed
The full alfalfa seed of screening health, is successively sterilized, vernalization, the alfalfa seed after being germinateed using conventional method.
2, the culture of clover seedling
The preparation of 2.1 composts
After mixing by 50 parts of original soil, 18 parts of bentonite, 13 parts of milk powder and 4 parts of chitosan, potato water is added simultaneously
It stirs evenly, the additive amount of potato water is the 20% of the sum of original soil, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan volume.
Wherein, potato water refers to potato is shredded after, the clear water that 3.5 times of weight is added boils shape after 30min at 70-80 DEG C
At mixed liquor.
The culture of 2.2 clover seedlings
Alfalfa seed after germination is sowed in compost, 30 DEG C of constant temperature is kept, obtains clover seedling.
3, the transplanting of clover seedling
The preparation of 3.1 green manure
45 parts of animal wastes and 55 parts of river embankment mud retting Cheng Ji are added after 40 parts of sweet clover, 65 parts of stalk, 30 parts of branches and leaves are crushed
Fertilizer adds 200 parts of pile-turnings of the villose vetch after shredding and mixes 10 times, obtains green manure.
3.2 transplanting
Apply green manure of the invention to soil before clover transplantation of seedlings, applied amount is 230kg/ mus, is turned over, and after sunning 3 days, is carried out
Clover transplantation of seedlings, and be managed in clover seedling growth course.
4, clover cradles
The 4.1 green compound fertilizers of configuration
It weighs 70 parts of green manure, 30 parts of urea and 20 parts of phosphorus potash fertilizers and obtains green compound fertilizer after mixing.
4.2 cradle collection
It is cradled when alfalfa seedling reaches first time flowering stage, applies green compound fertilizer after cradling, clover reaches just again
It is cradled for the second time after florescence, applies green compound fertilizer after having cradled, can be repeated several times and be cradled, apply green compound fertilizer,
The applied amount of each green compound fertilizer is 230kg/ mus.
Embodiment 2
1, the processing of seed
The full alfalfa seed of screening health, is successively sterilized, vernalization, the alfalfa seed after being germinateed using conventional method.
2, the culture of clover seedling
The preparation of 2.1 composts
After mixing by 40 parts of original soil, 15 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of milk powder and 2 parts of chitosan, potato water is added simultaneously
It stirs evenly, the additive amount of potato water is the 30% of the sum of original soil, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan volume.
Wherein, potato water refers to potato is shredded after, be added 6 times of weight clear water 30min is boiled at 70-80 DEG C after formed
Mixed liquor.
The culture of 2.2 clover seedlings
Alfalfa seed after germination is sowed in compost, 32 DEG C of constant temperature is kept, obtains clover seedling.
3, the transplanting of clover seedling
The preparation of 3.1 green manure
40 parts of animal wastes and 50 parts of river embankment mud retting Cheng Ji are added after 30 parts of sweet clover, 60 parts of stalk, 40 parts of branches and leaves are crushed
Fertilizer adds 225 parts of pile-turnings of the villose vetch after shredding and mixes 7 times, obtains green manure.
3.2 transplanting
Apply green manure of the invention to soil before clover transplantation of seedlings, applied amount is 260kg/ mus, is turned over, and after sunning 3 days, is carried out
Clover transplantation of seedlings, and be managed in clover seedling growth course.
4, clover cradles
The 4.1 green compound fertilizers of configuration
It weighs 80 parts of green manure, 20 parts of urea and 15 parts of phosphorus potash fertilizers and obtains green compound fertilizer after mixing.
4.2 cradle collection
It is cradled when alfalfa seedling reaches first time flowering stage, applies green compound fertilizer after cradling, clover reaches just again
It is cradled for the second time after florescence, applies green compound fertilizer after having cradled, can be repeated several times and be cradled, apply green compound fertilizer,
The applied amount of each green compound fertilizer is 260kg/ mus.
Embodiment 3
1, the processing of seed
The full alfalfa seed of screening health, is successively sterilized, vernalization, the alfalfa seed after being germinateed using conventional method.
2, the culture of clover seedling
The preparation of 2.1 composts
After mixing by 60 parts of original soil, 20 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of milk powder and 5 parts of chitosan, potato water is added simultaneously
It stirs evenly, the additive amount of potato water is the 10% of the sum of original soil, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan volume.
Wherein, potato water refers to potato is shredded after, the clear water that 2.5 times of weight is added boils shape after 30min at 70-80 DEG C
At mixed liquor.
The culture of 2.2 clover seedlings
Alfalfa seed after germination is sowed in compost, 35 DEG C of constant temperature is kept, obtains clover seedling.
3, the transplanting of clover seedling
The preparation of 3.1 green manure
50 parts of animal wastes and 60 parts of river embankment mud retting Cheng Ji are added after 50 parts of sweet clover, 70 parts of stalk, 20 parts of branches and leaves are crushed
Fertilizer adds 180 parts of pile-turnings of the villose vetch after shredding and mixes 8 times, obtains green manure.
3.2 transplanting
Apply green manure of the invention to soil before clover transplantation of seedlings, applied amount is 210kg/ mus, is turned over, and after sunning 3 days, is carried out
Clover transplantation of seedlings, and be managed in clover seedling growth course.
4, clover cradles
The 4.1 green compound fertilizers of configuration
It weighs 60 parts of green manure, 40 parts of urea and 25 parts of phosphorus potash fertilizers and obtains green compound fertilizer after mixing.
4.2 cradle collection
It is cradled when alfalfa seedling reaches first time flowering stage, applies green compound fertilizer after cradling, clover reaches just again
It is cradled for the second time after florescence, applies green compound fertilizer after having cradled, can be repeated several times and be cradled, apply green compound fertilizer,
The applied amount of each green compound fertilizer is 210kg/ mus.
Comparative example 1
It is identical as the implantation methods of embodiment 1, and identical alfalfa cultivars are used, it is special with commercially available clover in planting process
Green manure of the invention is replaced with fertilizer and green compound fertilizer, the applied amount of clover special complex fertilizer are identical as green manure.
Comparative example 2
Alfalfa cultivation is carried out using alfalfa cultivars same as Example 1, implantation methods are traditional alfalfa cultivation method,
It does not apply fertilizer in planting process.
Growth of Alfalfa situation is examined:
It is as follows that embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 kind plant overview:
Trial zone is set to Shanxi Province Tianzhen County, belongs to semi-arid region of Loess Plateau, height above sea level 1050m, 9.1 DEG C of average annual temperature is frostless
Phase 171d, average annual precipitation 478.5mm.
Soil is sandy loam, field capacity 19%-24%, wilting moisture 7%-8%, and topsoil soils (0~20 cm) bulk density is
1.48~1.53g cm-3, pH value 8.46, soil with organic matter 14.61g kg-1, full nitrogen 0.821g kg-1, available potassium 57mg
kg-1, available phosphorus 5.38mg kg-1。
The alfalfa cultivars that the present invention uses are as follows: " huge energy " alfalfa
By counting the Growth of Alfalfa situation grown in embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2, obtain the results are shown in Table 1:
1 Growth of Alfalfa situation of table
| Serial number | Plant height (cm) | Rhizome is thick (cm) | Flowering stage rate of exploitation |
| Embodiment 1 | 78.67 | 2.3 | 12.7% |
| Embodiment 2 | 71.21 | 1.9 | 10.1% |
| Embodiment 3 | 65.53 | 1.8 | 9.6% |
| Comparative example 2 | 31.25 | 0.8 | 3.0% |
Data are that the average result that 3 parallel tests obtain is planted by the method for the present invention as can be seen from the above table in table 1
Alfalfa compared with the alfalfa that conventional method is planted, its resistance in harsh environment can be enhanced, thus raw
Long is more preferable, it is easier to pollination is bloomed, and plant height is doubled more, and rhizome is also more sturdy, the yield of alfalfa product with
Quality is obviously improved.
Alfalfa tolerance to cold is examined:
Alfalfa Growing is carried out using the method for embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2, in flowering stage in each planting area
Three representative sampling points are selected using large area diagonally opposing corner sampling point back-and-forth method, it will be therein using the sample prescription frame of 1m × 1m
Clover carries out ground and cradles, and measures its fresh weight, and therefrom extracts intact plant about 200 ± 20g as sample, puts samples into paper
Finish in 105 DEG C of baking ovens 10min in bag, dry to constant weight under 65 DEG C of constant temperatures later, measure alfalfa moisture content with
Hay yield is calculated, while measuring the tolerance to cold of Medicago sativa.Wherein, the testing index of tolerance to cold includes blade water
Divide saturation deficit value (WSD), beet alkali content, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity value, PO value and ABA content
(ABA), These parameters are detected and is calculated using method in the prior art, obtained result as shown in Table 2:
2 alfalfa tolerance to cold performance indicator of table
| Serial number | WSD | BADH activity (nmolmin-1·g-1) | Beet alkali content (ng/g fresh weight) | ABA content (ng/g fresh weight) | Annual output (kg/hm2) |
| Embodiment 1 | 24.11 | 4.68 | 299 | 1497 | 9620 |
| Embodiment 2 | 24.12 | 4.69 | 300 | 1498 | 9622 |
| Embodiment 3 | 24.11 | 4.67 | 299 | 1496 | 9619 |
| Comparative example 1 | 16.28 | 2.58 | 200 | 1198 | 6021 |
| Comparative example 2 | 15.65 | 2.13 | 184 | 1153 | 5690 |
Leaf water saturation deficit (WSD) is journey of suffering from drought in one of important indicator for judging blade water holding capacity and plant
The embodiment of degree；Glycine betaine is a kind of important osmotic adjustment that plant accumulates under water stress, is leaf photosynthesis system
Effective protection agent, can weaken the degradation of 1,5 diphosphoribulose carboxylases under osmotic stress, improve superoxide dismutase,
The activity of the cytoprotections enzyme such as peroxidase, beet alkali content increases with the increase of water stress intensity in many plants
Add；BADH is the key enzyme of glycine betaine biosynthesis, and activity is higher under water stress；ABA content increases can be effective
Promote stomata to close, increases film to the permeability of water, be conducive to the moisture absorption of root, plant is made to keep preferable under water stress
Water regime.
As table 2 result it is found that the Medicago sativa embodiment 1-4 planted using implantation methods of the invention blade
Water saturation deficit value (WSD), the activity of betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), beet alkali content and abscisic acid (ABA) content are equal
Higher than comparative example 1-2, it is seen that the tolerance to cold of Medicago sativa can be significantly improved using implantation methods of the invention and resisted
Non-irrigated ability, while alfalfa is planted using method of the invention, the hay yield of annual alfalfa products is up to 9600kg/hm2
Left and right, the hay yield of alfalfa products improves 60% or so compared with using Special fertilizer of alfalfa, compared with traditional implantation methods
Hay yield improves 70% or so.Therefore, using the method for the present invention, treated that alfalfa plants yield significantly improves, and has aobvious
The substantial advance of work.
Alfalfa seedling is cultivated by the present invention in that preparing compost with original soil, the clover after enabling transplanting
The environment for adapting to clover field in time, shortens the seedling-slowing stage of alfalfa after transplanting, improves the survival rate and growth speed of clover；
The present invention applies green manure to soil before alfalfa transplanting, can not only increase the fertility of soil, promotes alfalfa
Fast-growth, moreover it is possible to reduce using chemical fertilizer salinization of soil caused by soil injure；Apply after each clover cradles to clover
Green compound fertilizer of the invention can provide required nutrient for clover in time, improve the growing power of alfalfa, make purple
Russian fenugreek herb is that can reach the quality and yield of high standard in flowering stage, be particularly suitable in low fertility area Alfalfa Growing.
The tolerance to cold and drought-resistant ability that alfalfa plants can be significantly improved using implantation methods of the invention, make it
It can the low fertility area preferably growth in cold, arid.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, made any modification, is improved same replacement, should be included in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
The alfalfa seed of S1, vernalization health, and sowed in the compost of constant temperature；
S2, by the alfalfa transplantation of seedlings turned out in step S1 to the clover Tanaka for applying green manure；
S3, it carries out cradling for the first time in alfalfa flowering stage；
S4, green compound fertilizer is applied to alfalfa after cradling for the first time；
S5, the alfalfa in S4 are cradled for the second time when reaching flowering stage again.
2. the method according to claim 1 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is that the compost in the step S1 is prepared by original soil, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan and potato water.
3. the method according to claim 2 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is, original soil in the compost, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan weight ratio be 40-60:15-20:10-15:2-5, soil
The additive amount of beans water is the 10~30% of the sum of original soil, bentonite, milk powder, chitosan volume.
4. the method according to claim 1 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is that the thermostat temperature in the step S1 is 30-35 DEG C.
5. the method according to claim 1 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is, the green manure in the step S2 is by sweet clover, stalk, branches and leaves, animal wastes, river embankment mud retting at hair is added after base manure
Leaf sweet potato pile-turning forms.
6. the method according to claim 5 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is, the sweet clover, stalk, branches and leaves, animal wastes, river embankment mud, villose vetch weight ratio be 30-50:60-70:20-
40:40-50:50-60:180-225.
7. the method according to claim 1 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is that the step S3 Zhong Lv compound fertilizer is mixed by green manure, urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer, the green manure, urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer
Weight ratio be 60-80:20-40:15-25.
8. the method according to claim 1 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is that the applied amount of the green manure is 210-260kg/ mus.
9. the method according to claim 1 for proposing high, normal, basic fertility area Growth of Alfalfa ability using green manure, special
Sign is that the applied amount of the green compound fertilizer is 210-260kg/ mus.
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