CN108706972B - 一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法,属于纳米陶瓷材料制备领域。本发明将配制的表面活性剂加入氯化钇溶液中,然后加入沉淀剂溶液于氯化钇溶液中,陈化,收集滤饼,得到纳米氧化钇的前驱体,随后和纳米氧化锆、纳米氧化钛一起加入球磨机中进行球磨,向球磨后的浆料中加入有机酸,控制温度、pH值和粘度进行搅拌,搅拌后喷雾造粒,得球型粉末,最后进行高温致密化处理,得到纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。采用本发明的方法制得陶瓷颗粒形状为规则的球型,具有球型度高、流动性好等极大程度的保证了热喷涂时粉末的流动性、热喷涂涂层的均匀性、致密性和耐压性,良好的应用与耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米陶瓷材料制备领域,具体涉及一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法。
背景技术
氧化钇具有高熔点、相稳定性和低热膨胀性,是制备高性能电子陶瓷、防等离子腐蚀喷涂粉的重要原料。且氧化钇在航空、航天、陶瓷领域的应用也显示出其优越的性能,主要用于制造微波用磁性材料和军工用重要材料,也用作光学玻璃、陶瓷材料添加剂、大屏幕电视用高亮度荧光粉和其他显像管涂料。还用于制造高温强耐热合金、飞机喷嘴等;近年来,氧化钇粉末在电子行业、半导体行业也得到更多的应用,尤其可以作为半导体刻蚀机防止等离子腐蚀、射线腐蚀用喷涂材料。
近年来,半导体行业用于蚀刻、溅射、清洗等工艺的加工设备的体积不断增大,相应需要提高加工等离子体的功率,以至于传统的氧化铝陶瓷涂层已满足不了要求,而氧化钇涂层具有比氧化铝陶瓷涂层更好的抗等离子体腐蚀性能和更长的使用寿命等优点,已逐步取代氧化铝陶瓷涂层材料,应用于微电子篆刻机或其它等离子刻蚀机内。
针对目前制备氧化钇粉体的处理温度在1700-1800℃,而能处理到该温度的高温炉较少,处理起来难度较大。并且沉淀法生成的氧化钇晶粒具有巨大的表面能,极易形成团聚体,得到的氧化钇粒径较大,且颗粒球型的形貌差。所以本发明要解决的技术问题是如何在控制颗粒球型的形貌、均匀性的同时降低颗粒的热处理的温度。
发明内容
针对背景技术所存在的问题,本发明提供了一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒可控的制备方法。
具体技术方案为:
(1)配制含钇的无机盐水溶液:取氯化钇溶液放入反应罐中,加入去离子水,配制成0.2-0.4mol/L氯化钇溶液,将表面活性剂加入氯化钇溶液中,充分混合至均匀;
(2)分别取碳酸钠晶体,氢氧化钠晶体,加入去离子水充分溶解后,配制成0.25-0.45mol/L晶体溶液,将晶体溶液以加入速率为3-4L/min加入到氯化钇溶液中,加入至氯化钇溶液pH值为7-8后停止,充分搅拌后,陈化3小时;
(3)陈化后用板框压滤机收集滤饼,将滤饼用去离子水洗涤,洗掉各类非稀土等杂质,得到纳米氧化钇的前驱体;
(4)将纳米氧化钇的前驱体加入行星球磨机中,并称取纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,称取纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20-40分钟;
(5)将研磨后的浆料先在50-100r/min进行搅拌,搅拌5-10min,将有机酸加入浆料中,加入后在200-300r/min下搅拌,浆料搅拌同时控制搅拌温度为15-20℃,浆料PH值为6.0-6.5,动力粘度为25-50mPa·s,搅拌60-120min后,将浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(6)再将球型粉末在大气环境下进行高温致密化处理,得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。
所述的表面活性剂为表面活性剂为聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇20000或十二烷基硫酸钠中的一种,添加量为氯化钇溶液质量的2-3%。
所述的纳米氧化钇、纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛的质量比为9:0.4-0.6:0.4-0.6。
所述的有机酸为柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸、丁二酸、葡萄糖酸中的一种或几种混合酸;有机酸的加入量为浆料质量的3-5%。
所述高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段,并且是在大气环境下进行,保证充分的氧气,避免缺氧灼烧造成的颗粒表面出现斑点或灼烧不充分现象的发生,预热阶段温度设为700-800℃,保温2-3h;高温阶段温度设为1450-1500℃,保温3-5h。
本发明制得的纳米陶瓷球型颗粒主要用于液晶面板和半导体设备的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)纳米陶瓷的造粒颗粒的形状和均匀度对热喷涂有很大的影响,而在制备过程中,浆料的搅拌速度、温度和粘度的控制对纳米陶瓷颗粒球型度和均匀度有很大的影响,其中温度偏低会降低粘度,温度偏高会使浆料粘度升高,导致后面粘度无法控制,在控制环境温度在15-20℃的情况下,还需要同时调配浆料动力粘度必须控制在25-50mPa·s(布氏粘度计检测),动力粘度低于25mPa·s,会造成颗粒球型度较差,颗粒结合度较差,容易破碎,造成颗粒流动性差,影响热喷涂效率,同时也会造成颗粒内部中空,使高温致密化处理后颗粒强度很差;动力粘度高于50mPa·s,会容易使喷雾造粒过程中形成管道堵塞,同时容易使颗粒与颗粒之间形成黏连,大颗粒表面黏连着许多小颗粒;本发明对搅拌速度的控制,可以提高纳米陶瓷颗粒球型度,控制粒径,能使颗粒粒径均匀;
(2)本发明对球型粉末进行高温致密化处理时分为预热、高温两个加热阶段,并且处理温度相对于纯氧化钇颗粒要低,降低能耗,并且高温致密化处理在大气环境下进行,可保证充分的氧气供应,避免缺氧灼烧造成的颗粒表面出现斑点或灼烧不充分现象的发生,提高颗粒的密度;
(3)本发明的纳米陶瓷球型颗粒是由纳米氧化钇、纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛组成,制得的纳米陶瓷球型颗粒与纯纳米氧化钇相比,其处理温度和使用温度均得到了降低,耐腐蚀性能得到提高,扩大其应用范围,并且在研磨的过程中,3种颗粒会产生协同作用,从而可以改善陶瓷颗粒的球型度、耐碎强度;
(4)本发明在制备纳米氧化钇的前驱体时加入表面活性剂,该表面活性剂不仅可以防止团聚,使形成纳米氧化钇前驱体可以分散均匀,而且该表面活性剂可以与有机酸之间形成协同作用,复配后可提高陶瓷颗粒的流动性、均匀度和颗粒形状;
(5)通过本发明的方法制备的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒,形状为规则的球型,具有球型度高、流动性好、致密度强颗粒均匀,耐碎强度为大,极大程度的保证了热喷涂时粉末的流动性、热喷涂涂层的均匀性、致密性和耐压性。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图。
图2为实施例2制备的陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图。
图3为对比例1制备的陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图。
图4为对比例2制备的陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图。
图5为对比例3制备的陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图。
图6为对比例4制备的陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图。
具体实施方式
下面给出实施例以对本发明进行具体的描述,但不限于此。
实施例1
制备耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒:
(1)配制含钇的无机盐水溶液:取1.5mol/L氯化钇溶液53.1L(折合氧化钇为9kg)放入反应罐中,加入212.7L去离子水,配制成0.3mol/L氯化钇溶液;
(2)调配表面活性剂:取180g聚乙二醇2000加入360g纯水充分搅拌至均匀;
(3)将调配好的表面活性剂加入氯化钇溶液中,充分混合至均匀;
(4)分别取碳酸钠晶体9kg,氢氧化钠晶体5.4kg,加入733.3L去离子水充分溶解后,配制成0.3mol/L的晶体溶液,将晶体溶液以3.8L/min的流量加入氯化钇溶液中;
(5)加入至氯化钇溶液pH值为7.5后停止,充分搅拌后,陈化3小时;
(6)用板框压滤机收集滤饼,将滤饼用去离子水洗涤,洗掉各类非稀土杂质,得到纳米氧化钇的前驱体;
(7)将得到的纳米氧化钇的前驱体加入行星球磨机中,并称取0.6kg纳米氧化锆和0.4kg纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,称取5kg纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20分钟;
(8)将研磨后的浆料先在50r/min进行搅拌,搅拌5min后取浆料质量3%混合酸(柠檬酸、丁二酸和葡萄糖酸)加入浆料中,并在200r/min下搅拌,浆料搅拌温度控制在15℃,搅拌至浆料PH值为6,动力粘度为25mPa·s,搅拌120min后,将浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(9)再将球型粉末进行高温致密化处理,得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段;此阶段的高温致密化处理在大气环境下进行,可保证充分的氧气供应,避免缺氧灼烧造成的颗粒表面出现斑点或灼烧不充分现象的发生;预热阶段温度设为700℃,保温3h;高温阶段温度设为1500℃,保温3h。
实施例1的制备方法制得的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图如图1所示,测试结果如表1所示。
实施例2
制备耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒:
(1)配制含钇的无机盐水溶液:取1.5mol/L氯化钇溶液53.1L放入反应罐中,加入去离子水,配制成0.4mol/L氯化钇溶液;
(2)调配表面活性剂:取270g十二烷基硫酸钠加入540g纯水充分搅拌至均匀;
(3)将调配好的表面活性剂加入氯化钇溶液中,充分混合至均匀;
(4)分别取碳酸钠晶体9kg,氢氧化钠晶体5.4kg,加入733.3L去离子水充分溶解后,配制成0.3mol/L的晶体溶液,将晶体溶液以4L/min的流量加入氯化钇溶液中;
(5)加入至氯化钇溶液pH值为7.5后停止,充分搅拌后,陈化3小时;
(6)用板框压滤机收集滤饼,将滤饼用去离子水洗涤,洗掉各类非稀土杂质,得到纳米氧化钇的前驱体;
(7)将得到的纳米氧化钇的前驱体加入行星球磨机中,并称取0.5kg纳米氧化锆和0.5kg纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,称取5kg纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20分钟;
(8)将研磨后的浆料先在100r/min进行搅拌,搅拌10min后取浆料质量5%混合酸(柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸)加入浆料中,并在300r/min下搅拌,浆料搅拌温度控制在20℃,搅拌至浆料PH值为6,动力粘度为45mPa·s,搅拌100min后,将浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(9)再将球型粉末进行高温致密化处理,得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段;预热阶段温度设为800℃,保温2h;高温阶段温度设为1500℃,保温4h。
实施例2的制备方法制得的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图如图2所示,测试结果如表1所示。
对比例1
对比实施例1与实施例1相比,区别在于,未加入纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛。制备得氧化钇陶瓷颗粒,具体方案为;
(1)制备纳米氧化钇的前驱体,与实施例1相同;
(2)将得到的纳米氧化钇的前驱体加入行星球磨机中,称取5kg纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20分钟;
(3)将研磨后的浆料先在50r/min进行搅拌,搅拌5min后取浆料质量3%混合酸(柠檬酸、丁二酸和葡萄糖酸)加入浆料中,并在200r/min下搅拌,浆料搅拌温度控制在15-20℃,搅拌至浆料PH值为6,动力粘度为25mPa·s,搅拌120min后,将浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(4)再将球型粉末进行高温致密化处理,得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米氧化钇陶瓷球型颗粒。纳米氧化钇陶瓷球型颗粒的高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段;预热阶段温度需为900℃,保温3h;高温阶段温度需为1750℃,保温3h。
对比例1制得的纳米氧化钇陶瓷颗粒的电镜扫描图如图3所示,测试结果如表1所示。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1相比,区别在于,在制备纳米氧化钇的前驱体时未加入表面活性剂,具体方案为;
(1)配制含钇的无机盐水溶液:取1.5mol/L氯化钇溶液53.1L(折合氧化钇为9kg)放入反应罐中,加入212.7L去离子水,配制成0.3mol/L氯化钇溶液;
(2)分别取碳酸钠晶体9kg,氢氧化钠晶体5.4kg,加入733.3L去离子水充分溶解后,配制成0.3mol/L的晶体溶液,将晶体溶液以3.8L/min的流量加入氯化钇溶液中;
(3)加入至氯化钇溶液pH值为7.5后停止,充分搅拌后,陈化3小时;
(4)用板框压滤机收集滤饼,将滤饼用去离子水洗涤,洗掉各类非稀土杂质,得到纳米氧化钇的前驱体;
(5)将得到的纳米氧化钇的前驱体加入行星球磨机中,并称取0.6kg纳米氧化锆和0.4kg纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,称取5kg纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20分钟;
(6)制备纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的步骤与实施1相同。
对比例2制得的纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的电镜扫描图如图4所示,测试结果如表1所示。
对比例3
对比实施例3与实施例1相比,区别在于:控制浆料搅拌温度在15℃以下,具体方案为:
(1)制备纳米氧化钇前驱体,步骤与实施例1相同;
(2)将得到的纳米氧化钇的前驱体加入行星球磨机中,并称取0.6kg纳米氧化锆和0.4kg纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,称取5kg纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20分钟;
(3)将研磨后的浆料先在50r/min进行搅拌,搅拌5min后取浆料质量3%混合酸(柠檬酸、丁二酸和葡萄糖酸)加入浆料中,并在200r/min下搅拌,浆料搅拌温度控制在15℃以下,搅拌至浆料PH值为6,动力粘度为20mPa·s以下,将搅拌后的浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(4)将球型粉末进行高温致密化处理,得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段;预热阶段温度设为700℃,保温3h;高温阶段温度设为1500℃,保温3h。
对比例3制得的纳米陶瓷颗粒的电镜扫描图如图5所示,测试结果如表1所示。
对比例4
对比实施例4与实施例1相比,区别在于,采用市场上的纳米氧化钇粉末代替实施例1制备的氧化钇前驱体,酸为苹果酸,具体方案为;
(1)称取纯度≥99.99%、粒径为0.2μm氧化钇粉末;
(2)将纳米氧化钇粉末加入行星球磨机中,并称取0.6kg纳米氧化锆和0.4kg纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,称取5kg纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20分钟;
(3)将研磨后的浆料先在50r/min进行搅拌,搅拌5min后取苹果酸加入浆料中,并在200r/min下搅拌,浆料搅拌温度控制在17℃,搅拌至浆料PH值为6,动力粘度为15mPa·s,搅拌120min后,将浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(4)再将球型粉末进行高温致密化处理,得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段,预热阶段温度设为700℃,保温3h;高温阶段温度设为1500℃,保温3h。
对比例4制得的纳米陶瓷颗粒的电镜扫描图如图6所示。
将实施例1-2和对比例1-4制备的纳米陶瓷颗粒进行性能检测,检测结果如表1所示,测试结果如表1所示。
表1:
Claims (4)
1.一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤为:
(1)配制含钇的无机盐水溶液:取氯化钇溶液放入反应罐中,加入去离子水,配制成0.2-0.4mol/L氯化钇溶液,将表面活性剂加入氯化钇溶液中,充分混合至均匀;
(2)取碳酸钠晶体、氢氧化钠晶体加入去离子水充分溶解,配制成0.25-0.45mol/L晶体溶液,将晶体溶液加入至步骤(1)的氯化钇溶液中,加入至pH值为7-8后停止,充分搅拌后陈化3小时;
(3)陈化后用板框压滤机收集滤饼,将滤饼用去离子水洗涤,洗掉杂质,得到纳米氧化钇前驱体;
(4)将纳米氧化钇前驱体加入行星球磨机中,并称取纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛一起加入行星球磨机中,再称取纯水加入行星球磨机中,启动行星球磨机,研磨时间为20-40分钟;纳米氧化钇、纳米氧化锆和纳米氧化钛的质量比为9:0.4-0.6:0.4-0.6;
(5)将研磨后的浆料先在50-100r/min进行搅拌,搅拌后向浆料中加入有机酸,加入后再在200-300 r/min下搅拌,同时控制搅拌温度为15-20℃,浆料PH值为6.0-6.5,浆料动力粘度为25-50mPa·s,搅拌后将浆料通过喷雾造粒设备制成球型粉末;
(6)再将球型粉末在大气环境下进行高温致密化处理,高温致密化处理分为预热、高温两个加热阶段,预热阶段温度设为700-800℃,保温2-3h;高温阶段温度设为1450-1500℃,保温3-5h,处理后得到耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用纳米陶瓷球型颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的表面活性剂为聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇20000或十二烷基硫酸钠中的一种,添加量为氯化钇溶液质量的2-3%。
3.如权利要求1所述的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的晶体溶液的加入速率为3-4L/min。
4.如权利要求1所述的耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂用形貌可控纳米陶瓷球型颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的有机酸为柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸、丁二酸、葡萄糖酸中的一种或几种混合酸;有机酸的加入量为浆料质量的3-5%。
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