CN108675728A - 一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材 - Google Patents

一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108675728A
CN108675728A CN201810930936.2A CN201810930936A CN108675728A CN 108675728 A CN108675728 A CN 108675728A CN 201810930936 A CN201810930936 A CN 201810930936A CN 108675728 A CN108675728 A CN 108675728A
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China
Prior art keywords
high performance
parts
stainless steel
board body
cement
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CN201810930936.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
钟兵
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from CN201810096012.7A external-priority patent/CN108193858A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810546706.6A external-priority patent/CN108409261A/zh
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Publication of CN108675728A publication Critical patent/CN108675728A/zh
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    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
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    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
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    • B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
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Abstract

一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，包括采用超高性能混凝土的板材本体，板材本体内埋设有不锈钢网片，不锈钢网片上焊接固定有不锈钢螺母，所述不锈钢螺母的端口与板材本体的背部齐平，所述板材本体采用超高性能混凝土经强振、强压、抽真空制成。本发明采用超高性能混凝土（UHPC）所必需的基本材料和配方工艺为基础要求，添加可以增加抗拆强度的不锈钢网片，并以强振、强压、抽真空为主要制板方法。本发明制作的板材具有超高性能混凝土所具备的超高强、高韧性、高耐久的显著特点，比普通强度混凝土的各项性能指标优越数倍以上，从而完全克服发明人原有水泥基板材强度低、密度低、抗拆性差、耐候差、抗冻融性差等缺隙。

Description

一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑装饰领域，尤其是一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材。
背景技术
现有建筑墙体装饰成石材效果的板材，主要有天然石材板和陶瓷类仿石板两大类，天然石材板是采用天然形成的石材经过切割、磨削、喷砂等方法制作的装饰板材，陶瓷仿石板是将陶土通过高温烧制成具有天然石材效果的板，安装方法主要有湿贴和干挂两种方式。1.湿贴：湿贴是采用有粘性的砂浆将板材粘贴在需装饰的墙体，属于刚性连接，由于在室外风压、雨水、和温差产生的热胀冷缩等，会加速砂浆的粘性降低，加上板材的自重较大，很容易造成板材脱落，而且刚性连接抗震性极差，现湿贴方法只在建筑低层处装饰时使用，建筑高层已基本禁止使用。2.干挂：板材干挂首先需在要装饰的墙体，安装用于承载板材的金属龙骨架，由于天然形成的石材自身已是固体状态，内部无法摆放用于外挂连接的埋件，陶瓷因高温烧制内部同样无法摆放埋件，两种板材在安装时只能在板材侧面开槽或打孔或者在板材背部打孔，才能用金属连接件与承重龙骨架连接安装，由于天然石材和陶瓷自身脆性较大，安装时卡放在侧面槽或孔内的连接件需承载板材的自重，如板材较薄，薄壁很容易造成崩边脱落现象；背部打孔，较薄的板打孔容易破裂，浅孔挂装强度低安全性差，因此现规定干挂石材厚度不能小于25mm，陶瓷用于干挂的时间较短，还没有规定其厚度标准，但陶瓷板需一定的厚度才能保证其安全性，现干挂石材每平方米重量超过65公斤以上，致使用于承载板材的龙骨架也需保持一定的强度才能承载其重量，故造成金属龙骨架的制作安装成本大，较重板材安装费用也很高，而且由于板材的重量大，使房屋结构也需加大才能承载，同样造成房屋建筑成本增加，石材开采破坏环境，陶瓷高温烧制浪费能源易造成污染。
经检索发现，为解决上述问题，在专利（专利号：2014100884568）一种人造平板石材的制作及其安装方法，以及专利（专利号：201410694568X）采用干挂与湿贴相结合的水泥基人造平板石材安装方法中，发明人利用水泥基材料从液体到固体的特性，预埋了可以外挂连接的螺母和挂钩，在板材凝固后螺母或挂钩与板材融为一体，解决了天然石材和陶瓷板不能预埋外挂连接件的缺隙，板材铺放了网片和纤维，使板材在较薄的情况下也不易断裂，从而大大减轻了板材的重量，解决了天然石材和陶瓷板由于重量大造成的各种缺隙，板材采用废弃各种颜色的石屑和成本较低的水泥为主要材料，利用混凝土成型优势克服了石材开采，陶瓷高温烧制破坏环境浪费能源的缺隙，虽然有效的解决了上述缺隙，但板材配制均采用强度较低的配方工艺生产，存在强度低、密实低、耐候性差、吸水率高、抗冻融性差等缺点，预埋的螺母由于是独立摆放，挂装强度较低，预埋的挂勾在板材背部突出，极易影响板材的流水线加工，并且突出的挂勾运输不易码放，容易造成板材破裂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，包括采用超高性能混凝土（UHPC）的板材本体，其特征是板材本体内埋设有不锈钢网片，不锈钢网片上焊接固定有不锈钢螺母，所述不锈钢螺母的端口与板材本体的背部齐平，所述板材本体采用超高性能混凝土经强振、强压、抽真空制成。
作为优选，所述不锈钢螺母的数量为两个及两个以上。
作为优选，所述板材本体厚度为8～15mm。
作为优选，所述超高性能混凝土（UHPC）包括525及525以上的高标号水泥、硅灰和矿渣粉、6mm粒径以下砂石骨料、聚羧酸高效减水剂，上述组分加入适量的水按水胶比不超过0.25的比例混凝而成。
作为优选，所述6mm粒径以下砂石骨料为4～6目米石、10～20目米石、40～80目米石、80～120目石英粉、800～1200目石英粉中的一种或多种组合。
作为优选，所述超高性能混凝土包括以下质量份数的组分：525及525以上的白色硅酸盐水泥100份、硅灰8～15份、矿渣粉10～30份、4～6目米石50～80份、10～20目米石50～100份、40～80目米石20～50份、80～120目石英粉5～10份、800～1200目石英粉5～10份、聚羧酸高效减水剂0.5～2份、憎水粉0.2～1.0份、氧化铁颜料0～5份、粉煤灰0～30份、纳米材料0.5～15份，上述组分加入适量的水按水胶比0.18～0.22的比例混凝而成。
作为优选，所述纳米材料为纳米二氧化硅0.5～5份、纳米二氧化钛0.5～5份、纳米碳酸钙0.5～5份中的一种或多种组合。
本发明采用超高性能混凝土（UHPC）所必需的基本材料和配方工艺为基础要求，添加可以增加抗拆强度的不锈钢网片，并以强振、强压、抽真空为主要制板方法。强压、抽真空是现有建筑桥梁等制作超高性能混凝土很难达到的制作条件；强压结合吸水布能挤出和吸走板材中的水份；抽真空能抽出板材中的气体和多余的水份，两者能使水份减少20%以上，能使板材的密实度更高，从而更能达到超高性能混凝土水胶越低、强度越高的原理条件，整板连接在一起的不锈钢网片比超高性能混凝土所必需的分散性的钢纤维具有更好的连接支撑的骨架作用，使板材的骨料与网片完全融为一体，不锈钢丝的刚性和韧性，使板材在很薄的情况下也不会出现断裂脱落的现象，本发明板材厚度在10mm左右，从而使板材重量大大减轻。本发明制作的板材具有超高性能混凝土所具备的超高强、高韧性、高耐久的显著特点，比普通强度混凝土的各项性能指标优越数倍以上，从而完全克服发明人原有水泥基板材强度低、密度低、抗拆性差、耐候差、抗冻融性差等缺隙。
本发明用于外挂连接的不锈钢螺母与不锈钢网片焊接在一起，与不锈钢网片一起铺设在板材背部浆料中，凝固后完全成为一个整体，不锈钢材质的网片在安装时，切割成任意大小也不会锈蚀，克服普通金属材质的网片和钢纤维易锈蚀的缺隙；连接在一起的不锈钢螺母挂装时，受力点均与整个板材连接，具有极高的挂装强度，克服了原有水泥基人造石独立摆放螺母，独立受力挂装的挂装强度低的缺隙。本发明的不锈钢螺母具有抗锈蚀的优点，与板材背部平齐的螺母便于流水线加工和运输。
本发明充分利用螺母螺杆的螺合优势，可与任意造型的金属连接件连接，可完成干挂加湿贴、有或者无骨架的干挂、用金属连接条连接任意板材切割组合的线条造型，用加长螺杆通过螺母和金属条可将任意材质的保温板夹紧形成保温一体板，并能快速安全的安装。
本发明无需开山采石，无需高温烧制，无化学反应，废弃料脱水烘干后可重复使用或者制作其它建材，完全达到零污染、零排放。克服了天然石材开山采石破坏环境，陶瓷高温烧制浪费能源，陶土开采破坏环境产生污染的弊端，是一项利国利民的技术。
附图说明
图1为本发明板材的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，包括采用超高性能混凝土（UHPC）的板材本体，其特征是板材本体内埋设有不锈钢网片1，不锈钢网片1上焊接固定有不锈钢螺母2，不锈钢螺母2的数量为两个及两个以上。所述不锈钢螺母2端口与板材本体3的背部齐平，所述板材本体3经强振、强压、抽真空制成，所述板材本体厚度为8～15mm。
本发明板材采用以下方法制作：将525及525以上的白色硅酸盐水泥100份、硅灰8～15份、矿渣粉10～30份、6mm粒径以下砂石骨料（可以是4～6目黄色米石60份、4～6目黑色米石20份、10～20目黄色米石50份、40～80目白色米石20份、80～120目石英粉5份、800～1200目石英粉5份中的一种组分及其配比或多种组分及其配比的组合）、聚羧酸高效减水剂0.5～2份、氧化铁颜料0～5份，上述组分加入适量的水按水胶比不超过0.25的比例搅拌混合；准备600*900mm模框，并在模框内喷涂脱模剂。将搅拌好的浆料投入模框内，找平并打开高频振动器，振动10～15秒；将振动好的浆料，按确定位置铺放带螺母2的不锈钢网片1和隔离布；打开液压机将相同规格的压板对准模框，压力500吨压制20秒并同时打开真空机抽真空至-0.08MPa，两者时间同步；取出隔离布，将压制好的板材3（如图1所示），用托板，送至蒸汽养护室养护；将养护好的板材用定厚机定制成标准厚度；用石材连续磨光机磨光；烘干并喷涂表面防护剂，并送至施工现场。
为了进一步改进，以下提供多个实施例，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
板面颜色：黄色；高光面；规格：600*900mm；厚度10mm。
1.原料配置：525白色硅酸盐水泥100份、硅灰8份、矿渣粉20份、4～6目黄色米石60份、4～6目黑色米石20份、10～20目黄色米石50份、40～80目白色米石20份、80～120目石英粉5份、800～1200目石英粉5份、聚羧酸高效减水剂0.8份、憎水粉0.6份、氧化铁黄色颜料2份、粉煤灰10份、纳米二氧化钛1份、纳米二氧化硅1.5份、纳米碳酸钙2.5份。
2. 将上述干粉料，通过干粉设备搅拌均匀制作干粉，分袋包装。
3. 将干粉按比例加入高效减水剂和水搅拌10分钟，上述所有组分加入适量的水按水胶比0.2的比例混凝而成。
4. 准备强振、强压、抽真空设备，准备600*900mm模框，并在模框内喷涂脱模剂。
5. 将搅拌好的浆料投入模框内，找平并打开高频振动器，振动10～15秒。
6. 将振动好的浆料，按确定位置铺放带螺母2的不锈钢网片1和隔离布。
7. 打开液压机将相同规格的压板对准模框，压力500吨压制20秒并同时打开真空机抽真空至-0.08MPa，两者时间同步。
8. 取出隔离布，将压制好的板材3（如图1所示），用托板，送至蒸汽养护室养护。
9. 将养护好的板材用定厚机定制成标准厚度。
10. 用石机连续磨光机磨光。
11. 烘干并喷涂表面防护剂，并送至施工现场。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (6)

1.一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，包括采用超高性能混凝土的板材本体，其特征在于板材本体内埋设有不锈钢网片，不锈钢网片上焊接固定有不锈钢螺母，所述不锈钢螺母的端口与板材本体的背部齐平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，其特征在于所述不锈钢螺母的数量为两个及两个以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，其特征在于所述板材本体厚度为8～15mm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，其特征在于所述超高性能混凝土包括以下组分：525及525以上的高标号水泥、硅灰、矿渣粉、6mm粒径以下砂石骨料、聚羧酸高效减水剂，上述组分加入适量的水按水胶比不超过0.25的比例混凝而成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，其特征在于所述超高性能混凝土包括以下质量份数的组分：525及525以上的白色硅酸盐水泥100份、硅灰8～15份、矿渣粉10～30份、4～6目米石50～80份、10～20目米石50～100份、40～80目米石20～50份、80～120目石英粉5～10份、800～1200目石英粉5～10份、聚羧酸高效减水剂0.5～2份、憎水粉0.2～1.0份、氧化铁颜料0～5份、粉煤灰0～30份、纳米材料0.5～15份，上述组分加入适量的水按水胶比0.18～0.22的比例混凝而成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种水泥基超高性能人造石板材，其特征在于所述纳米材料为纳米二氧化硅0.5～5份、纳米二氧化钛0.5～5份、纳米碳酸钙0.5～5份中的一种或多种组合。
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