CN1086705C - 制备二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂䓬衍生物立体有择方法和中间体 - Google Patents
制备二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂䓬衍生物立体有择方法和中间体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1086705C CN1086705C CN95116311A CN95116311A CN1086705C CN 1086705 C CN1086705 C CN 1086705C CN 95116311 A CN95116311 A CN 95116311A CN 95116311 A CN95116311 A CN 95116311A CN 1086705 C CN1086705 C CN 1086705C
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- aminophenyl
- aryl
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 12
- -1 N-substituted dihydro-2,3 benzodiazepines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical group O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N diethyl azodicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\N=N\C(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WTVXIBRMWGUIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro($l^{1}-oxidanylsulfonyl)methane Chemical group [O]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WTVXIBRMWGUIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isochromane Chemical class C1=CC=C2COCCC2=C1 HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005905 mesyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 229940098747 AMPA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000775 AMPA receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 48
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 27
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 22
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 20
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- RPBDCDQMCRHNLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=NNC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1 Chemical compound C1=NNC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1 RPBDCDQMCRHNLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexatrienamine Chemical group NC1=CC=C=C[CH]1 UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FTNJQNQLEGKTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzodioxole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 FTNJQNQLEGKTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UOHBMRODJBFDPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)O.[Li] Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)O.[Li] UOHBMRODJBFDPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000235033 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Species 0.000 description 3
- OFLXLNCGODUUOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetohydrazide Chemical compound C\C(O)=N\N OFLXLNCGODUUOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XIYKRJLTYKUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one Chemical class CC(=O)CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 XIYKRJLTYKUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARPLDEQFMAGJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1C(C(=O)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1C(C(=O)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ARPLDEQFMAGJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000235036 Debaryomyces hansenii Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000306282 Umbelopsis isabellina Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235017 Zygosaccharomyces Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003310 benzodiazepinyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C[CH]OC2=C1 QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate group Chemical group CS(=O)(=O)[O-] AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVMKZYKJYMJYDG-ZETCQYMHSA-N (2s)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-ol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 RVMKZYKJYMJYDG-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGRVRXRGTBOSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound NCP(O)(O)=O MGRVRXRGTBOSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APSMUYYLXZULMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 APSMUYYLXZULMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006276 2-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- JSFLFNPZGIDUBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-3h-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)C(O)N(N)O1 JSFLFNPZGIDUBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQXDOEPVEGRMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C1=NNC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 MQXDOEPVEGRMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006305 3-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(I)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxole Chemical compound C1OOC=C1 XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/056—Ortho-condensed systems with two or more oxygen atoms as ring hetero atoms in the oxygen-containing ring
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
- C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
- C07D317/58—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了立体有择地制备用作AMPA受体拮抗剂的N-取代的二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂䓬类化合物的方法,以及在该方法中所用的新的中间体。
Description
本发明涉及合成某些二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂衍生物的新方法以及特别地应用以高对映体纯度和产率制备这些化合物的方法。本发明还涉及在该方法中使用的中间体。
美国专利4,835,152公开了具有中枢神经系统作用的化合物1-(4-氨基苯基)-4-甲基-7,8-亚甲二氧基-3,4-二氢-5H-2,3-苯并二氮杂。
欧洲专利申请公开号EP-A1-0492485公开了也具有中枢神经系统作用特别是具有肌肉松弛和抗惊厥活性的2,3-苯并二氮杂衍生物和其他二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂衍生物。EP-A1-0492485公开的化合物用通式(A)表示:其中:
Ra表示C1-6脂族酰基,它可被甲氧基、氰基、羧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、吡咯烷子基、邻苯二甲酰亚氨基或苯基,或被一个或多个卤原子任意取代;或Ra为苯甲酰基、环丙烷羰基、C1-5烷基氨基甲酰基或苯基氨基甲酰基;或当N(3)和C(4)原子之间存在双键时,Ra不存在;
R1表示氢,或当N(3)和C(4)原子之间存在双键时,R1不存在;
R2表示C1-3烷基;或
R1和R2一起表示亚甲基和在N(3)和C(4)原子之间不存在双键;
R3表示氢或C1-4脂族酰基;
R4表示氢;可被甲氧基、氰基、羧基、氨基、C1-4烷基氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、吡咯烷子基、邻苯二甲酰亚氨基或苯基,或被一个或多个卤原子任意取代的C1-6脂族酰基;以及苯甲酰基、棕榈酰基、环丙烷羰基、C1-5烷基氨基甲酰基或苯基氨基甲酰基;虚线表示任选存在的价键,其条件是当R3和R4均表示氢时在N(3)和C(4)原子之间不存在双键。
国际专利申请公开号WO92/11262也公开了具有中枢神经系统作用特别是抗抑郁作用和/或抗帕金森神经机能障碍作用的某些二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂衍生物。这些化合物可用上述通式(A)表示,式(A)中R1表示氢、R2表示甲基、Ra表示氢或可被羧基或C2-5烷氧羰基任意取代的C1-4烷基,R3表示氢以及R4表示脂族C1-6酰基、苯甲酰基或苯基乙酰基。
现已知在US 4,853,152、EP-A1-0492485和WO92/11262中公开的化合物为哺乳动物中枢神经系统中AMPA(2-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基异噁唑-4-丙酸)类受体的有效拮抗剂,它们可有效地广泛用作神经保护剂特别是用作抗惊厥药,因此它们可用于治疗癫痫、大脑局部缺血、脑和脊柱创伤、癫痫状态、帕金森综合症和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化。
在US 4,835,152、EP-A1-0492485和WO 92/11262中公开的二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂类化合物在4位具有不对称中心。现已知(R)对映体如(R)-7-乙酰基-5-(4-氨基苯基)-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂(也称为(R)-1-(4-氨基苯基)-3-乙酰基-4-甲基-7,8-亚甲二氧基-3,4-二氢-5H-2,3-苯并二氮杂)比(S)对映体更为有效。
US 4,835,152、EP-A1-0492485和WO 92/11262公开了制备二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂类化合物的合成路线,在这些路线中,用无机或有机-无机的和/或配合的金属氢化物如硼氢化钠选择性还原相应的2,3-苯并二氮杂化合物,形成二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂环,如果需要的话接着分离出光学活性形式。
现已发现一种巧妙的立体有择合成法可用于制备在US4,835,152、EP-A1-0492485、WO 92/11262中公开的二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂类化合物和某些其他的二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂类化合物的(R)对映体。
X为氢、C1-C10烷基、酰基、芳基或羧基,或其取代的衍生基团。
在该方法中制得了新的且非显而易见的中间体化合物,它们使标题化合物的合成更有效。 所公开的一些新的中间体包括半缩酮和腙化合物:其中Z表示离去原子或基团如甲磺酸酯基团。值得注意的是本说明书中R和X部分的定义都是相同的。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供制备二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂衍生物的新的立体有择方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供制备二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂衍生物的有效且经济的方法,因为与以前公开的方法相比,本方法用较少的步骤和较少的废料获得高产率和高对映体纯度。
本发明的另一目的是提供在合成二氢-2,3-苯并二氮杂过程中制得的新的中间体化合物。
本发明的其他目的在阅读了下面的描述后将显而易见。
X为氢、C1-C10烷基、酰基、芳基、羧基或其取代的衍生基团,或保护基,该方法包括环化具有通式(VIII)的化合物,其中Z表示离去原子或基团,得到具有通式(I)的化合物,随后,如果需要的话,将式I化合物转化为另一式I化合物和/或制成可药用盐。
现已发现按本发明的方法可高产率和高对映体纯度制得式(I)化合物。
本文所用的术语“C1-C10烷基”表示具有一至十个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。典型的直链或支链C1-C10烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基、2-甲基戊基、正辛基、癸基等。术语“C1-C10烷基”包括术语“C1-C4烷基”和“C1-C6烷基”。
术语“芳基”表示芳族基团如苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基、咪唑基以及多环芳族基团如萘基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、喹啉基、芴基、蒽基和菲基。术语“取代的芳基”表示被一个或多个基团取代的芳基,所述基团选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羧基、乙酰基、甲酰基、羧基甲基、羟甲基、氨基、氨基甲基或三氟甲基。取代的芳基的实例包括4-甲基苯基、2-甲基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-(异丙基)苯基、4-环戊基苯基、4-(叔丁基)苯基、4-乙酰基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氯苯基、2-溴苯基、3-碘苯基、6-溴萘基、3,4-(亚甲二氧基)苯基、2,3-二氢化茚基、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基和1,2,4,4-四甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基。
术语“酰基”表示与羰基连接的氢、C1-C6烷基或杂原子(例如氮,为酰氨基)。典型的酰基包括甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基、己酰基、氨基甲酰基、N-甲基氨基甲酰基和脲基。
在整个说明书的通式中所用的“Aryl”表示未取代的或取代的芳基。有用的芳基的实例为对硝基苯基、对氨基苯基和对(保护的氨基)苯基如对(C1-C6链烷酰氨基)苯基例如对乙酰氨基苯基。合适的保护基的实例可在McOmie,Protective Groups in OrganicChemistry,Phenum Press,N.Y.1973和Greene & Wutz,Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis,2d,ed.,John Wiley& Sons,N.Y.,1991中找到。
R优选表示C1-C3烷基,例如甲基。
有用的X实例为氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基和甲基氨基甲酰基。
X优选表示可被甲氧基、氰基、羧基、氨基、C1-C4烷基氨基、二(C1-C4烷基)氨基、吡咯烷子基、邻苯二甲酰亚氨基或苯基,或被一个或多个卤原子任意取代的C1-C6脂族酰基;或R为苯甲酰基、环丙烷羰基、C1-C5烷基氨基甲酰或苯基氨基甲酰基。
由Z表示的离去原子或基团可以例如是卤原子或有机磺酰氧基,或可由相应的式VIII化合物(其中Z表示羧基)现场制备。
当Z表示卤原子时其特别有用的是氯和溴。
由Z表示的有机磺酰氧基例如可以是C1-4烷基磺酰氧基、三氟甲基磺酰氧基或苯磺酰氧基,其中苯基可以是未取代的或被一个或两个取代基取代,取代基独立地选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、卤素、硝基和卤代C1-C4烷基。特别有用的Z为甲磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基和对硝基苯基磺酰氧基。
现已发现环化其中Z为有机磺酰氧基的式VIII化合物比环化其中Z为卤原子的式VIII化合物能获得更高产率。
当Z表示卤原子或有机磺酰氧基时,环化反应优选在碱存在下进行。碱选自碱金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;碱金属碳酸盐,例如碳酸钠或碳酸钾;碱金属氢化物,例如氢化钠或氢化钾;碱金属醇盐,例如叔丁醇锂、钠或钾。该反应适宜在-30℃至100℃,优选0至50℃的温度下进行。合适的溶剂包括链烷醇如甲醇或乙醇,以及醚如四氢呋喃。
其中Z表示离去原子或基团的式VIII化合物可通过使其中Z表示羟基的式VIII化合物与三芳基膦在偶氮基二甲酸酯存在下反应现场制备。该反应类似于公知的Mitsunobu反应。三芳基膦优选为三苯基膦,偶氮基二甲酸酯优选为偶氮二甲酸二乙酯。该反应适宜在-30至100℃,优选-10至50℃的温度下进行。合适的溶剂包括醚如四氢呋喃。很明显在这种情况下由Z表示的离去基团为三芳基膦酰氧基如三苯基膦酰氧基。
本发明方法特别有意义的是用于制备其中Aryl表示对氨基苯基的式(I)化合物。这些化合物的制备优选通过环化其中Aryl表示对硝基苯基、对氨基苯基或对(保护的氨基)苯基的通式VIII化合物,之后,如果必要的话:
(a)还原对硝基苯基得到对氨基苯基;或
(b)使对(保护的氨基)苯基脱保护得到对氨基苯基。
本发明的一个优选方面是提供了制备具有通式I化合物或其可药用盐的方法,其中式I中R为甲基,X表示氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基,该方法包括环化通式VIII的化合物,其中式VIII中R为甲基,X为氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、N-甲基氨基甲酰基或保护基,Aryl为对硝基苯基、对氨基苯基或对(保护的氨基)苯基,之后,如果必要的话:
(a)还原对硝基苯基得到对氨基苯基;
(b)使对(保护的氨基)苯基脱保护得到对氨基苯基;
(c)除去X表示的保护基得到其中X为氢的式I化合物;和/或
(d)酰化其中X为氢的式I化合物得到其中X为甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基的式I化合物;以及如果需要的话,制备可药用的盐。
可用本领域已知的方法例如EP-A1-492485所述的方法还原对硝基苯基中的硝基。因此可通过与肼或水合肼在阮内镍催化剂存在下反应而被还原。另外,也可通过与氢气、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸三烷基铵如甲酸三乙基铵或碱金属甲酸盐如甲酸钠或甲酸钾在第VIII族金属催化剂如钯/炭存在下反应而被还原。合适的溶剂包括醇如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,醚如四氢呋喃,或丙酮。该还原反应适宜在-10至120℃的温度下进行。
在对(保护的氨基)苯基中的保护基可用常规方法除去。例如,C1-6链烷酰基可在无机酸如盐酸存在下通过水解除去。
用在EP-A1-492485中所述的方法,可酰化其中X为氢的式I化合物得到其中X为酰基如甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基的式I化合物。
据信其中Z表示羟基或离去原子或基团的式VIII化合物是新的,它构成了本发明的另一方面。
通式VIII化合物可用多步方法,用亚甲二氧基苯基丙酮衍生物作为起始原料制备。
X为氢、C1-C10烷基、酰基、芳基、羧基或其取代的衍生基团;所述方法包括下列步骤:
b)不对称地还原式II化合物得到具有式(III)的化合物:
e)使式V化合物与式H2NNHX酰肼衍生物反应制得式(VI)化合物:
f)使式VI化合物(i)与磺酰基卤试剂和碱反应生成中间体磺酸酯,接着使所得的磺酸酯与强碱反应;或(ii)通过直接Mitsunobu环化反应制得式I化合物。
本发明的新方法提供了一种较少步骤、高产率和立体有择的合成方法。本发明的方法不产生重金属并且总共只产生非常少量的废料。本方法包括早期的对映有择还原步骤,此时立体化学被定为优选的异构体(在此情况下对于最终产物来说为(R)或(-)对映体)。
优选的方法包括早期将酮手性地还原为醇。在多步方法中加入取代基使苯并稠合的吡喃环闭合,然后加入肼试剂开环并加入必需的氮组分,最后加入强碱使第2个环闭合,然后将化合物还原生成所需化合物。
最优选地,手性还原步骤为由酮类化合物合成式I化合物的开始步骤。手性还原可使用特定的化学试剂或优选使用如下所述的生物试剂进行。在本方法中早确定立体化学较为有利,它使得后续步骤可针对相对对映体纯的物质来进行。这样既增加了产量也提高了对映体纯度。
本方法的第一步包括手性地还原起始原料(优选3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基丙酮衍生物)制得实质上对映体纯的1,2-亚甲二氧基苯的醇衍生物。优选地,所生成的对映体为该醇的(S)或(+)立体异构体。最优选的起始化合物为3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基丙酮。
另外,初始步骤可包括使1,2-亚甲二氧基苯的卤代衍生物与对映体富集的环氧化物反应。由此也可制得高对映体富集的1,2-亚甲二氧基苯的醇衍生物。
用于进行手性还原初始步骤的原料可以是化学试剂或优选为生物试剂。关于生物试剂,优选的试剂为还原酶,最优选的是选自接合糖酵母属的酵母。可用的其他生物试剂包括:发酵性毕赤氏酵母,肋状拟内孢霉、榛针孢酵母、糖酵母属、无名假丝酵母、巴斯德氏糖酵母、啤酒糖酵母、葡萄汁糖酵母、产朊假丝酵母、球形糖酵母、多布氏克鲁维氏酵母、乳克鲁维氏酵母、白色假丝酵母、贝克酵母、Zygosaccharomyces rouxii、嗜酸乳芽孢杆菌、出芽短柄霉、深黄被孢霉、米根霉、爪哇克勒克氏酵母、法尔皮氏有孢汉逊氏酵母、八孢八孢酵母、季也蒙氏假丝酵母、近平滑假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母、Torulopsis taboadae、Torulopsisethanolitolerans、Torulopsis ptarmiganii、Torulopsissonorensis、变异三角醇母、Torulopsis enokii、Torulopsismethanothermo、SAF瞬时酵母、ashland yeast inact.、博伊丁氏假丝酵母、布蓝克氏假丝酵母和红星酵母。
在初始步骤中生成的所需中间体为1,2-亚甲二氧基苯的醇取代的同族物,最优选的同族物包括(S)-α-甲基-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-乙醇。
然后使在初始步骤中生成的所需的中间体化合物进行Pictet-Spengler反应,使得苯并二氮杂碳结构会聚稠合。优选的试剂为对硝基苯甲醛,尽管也可以使用本领域已知的其他试剂如缩醛。优选的中间体为二氢苯并吡喃类化合物,最优选的化合物为7.8-二氢-7-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-5H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并苯并[b]呋喃。
优选的氧化剂包括高锰酸钾、DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)或其他物质,最优选的试剂为氢氧化钠、二甲亚砜和空气混合物。
然后使C5-半缩酮与式H2NNHX的酰肼衍生物在酸存在下反应生成腙中间体。在此步骤中,打开苯并吡喃环,使得腙部分与C5碳相连。最优选的酰肼为乙酰肼,并优选在回流下的芳族溶剂或质子溶剂中反应,优选的腙为通式(VI):其中R为CH3,X为乙酰基,Aryl为对硝基苯基。
通过分子内烷基化使腙衍生物转化为所需的苯并二氮杂环。这可通过几种可能的方法中的一种来完成。第一种方法包括加入式YSO2Xa的磺酰卤试剂(其中Xa表示卤原子如氯,Y表示有机基团如C1-C4烷基、三氟甲基或苯基,其中苯基可是未取代的或被一个或两个独立选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、卤素、硝基和卤代C1-C4烷基所取代的)(例如甲磺酰氯)和碱如叔胺(例如三乙胺)的混合物生成式(VII)的磺酸酯中间体,
然后通过加入强碱使上述磺酸酯转化为8,9-二氢-7H-2,3-苯并二氮杂同族物,最优选的碱为碱金属氢氧化物如苛性苏打,碱金属醇盐如叔丁醇钠或钾,碱金属碳酸盐如碳酸钾或碱金属氢化物如氢化钠。反应任选在相转移催化剂如溴化四丁基铵存在下进行。
另一方法是将式VI化合物转化为其中Z表示卤原子的式VIII化合物,例如式VI化合物可与咪唑、三苯基膦和溴反应得到其中Z表示溴原子的式VIII化合物。然后按用于其中Z表示有机磺酰氧基的式VIII化合物的同样方法,环化所得的式VIII化合物。
令人惊奇地发现其中Z表示有机磺酰氧基的式VIII化合物的环化可获得高产率,并且明显地只有少量消去反应发生。然而,由于竞争性消去反应,其中Z为卤原子的式VIII化合物的环化产率相当低。因此,优选使用其中Z表示有机磺酰氧基的式VIII化合物(用相应地式VII化合物)。
另一方法包括为一步法的Mitsunobu环化反应制得对硝基苯基苯并二氮杂中间体。
当需要其中Aryl表示对氨基苯基的式I化合物时,制备其中Aryl表示对硝基苯基的式IV化合物,并在该方法的任一步骤中还原硝基。优选在步骤e)或f)之后还原。
可通过加入氢气或氢气源在催化剂存在下还原硝基。优选的氢气源为甲酸钾或其他甲酸盐(如甲酸铵),优选的催化剂为金属钯和活性炭的混合物。还原步骤对于本领域技术人员来说是公知的。
在流程(I)中,本方法的初始步骤包括加入生物试剂,最优选为Zygosaccharomyces rouxii,使酮还原为所需的醇。将适量的吸附树脂如AD-7、XAD-7、HP2MGL(Rohm & Haas,交联聚甲基丙烯酸酯)、HP20(聚苯乙烯)或SP207(Mitsubishi,溴化聚苯乙烯)加到反应混合物中防止生物体死亡并吸收生成的醇,也可以使用其他类似的树脂。
在流程(II)中,本方法的初始步骤包括使芳基卤衍生物如4-溴-1,2-(亚甲二氧基)苯与碱金属烃(优选仲丁基锂)和对映体纯的环氧化物反应。环氧化物优选为(S)-(-)-环氧丙烷。另一方法是首先将芳基卤与镁反应转化为格利雅试剂,然后与对映体纯的环氧化物在碘化铜(I)作为催化剂存在下反应。在流程(I)和流程(II)中,目的是尽可能早地固定苯并二氮杂环的C8原子的立体化学结构。现已观察到上述两流程均可完成此目的,制得对映体富集(ee)的醇,纯度为98%。
下列实施例用于说明本发明的方法。
实施例1(S)-α-甲基-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-乙醇的合成
将1当量3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基丙酮、0.45当量磷酸二钠、0.03当量磷酸、12.5体积的AD-7树脂和5.8体积的水混合在一起,并在20-25℃搅拌15-60分钟,加入2.27当量葡萄糖和加入Z.rouxii ATCC 14462,数量为每克酮中含1.5g湿细胞糊(Wet cellpaste)(即折干计算为0.375g/g)。将此混合物用水稀释至25倍体积,然后在33-35℃缓慢搅拌8-16小时。把混合物用100目(~150微米)不锈钢筛过滤,把25倍体积的水分成4份洗涤留在筛上的树脂,然后将吸附于树脂上的产品用25体积的丙酮由树脂上解离。然后使丙酮/产品溶液在真空下汽提至干生成黄色的标题中间产物,为中等粘度的油。现场(in-situ yield)总产率97-100%,分离产率85-90%,效能(the potency)80-95%,以及EE为100%。
实施例2(5RS,7S)-7,8-二氢-7-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-5H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并-[4,5-G][2]苯并吡喃的合成
将上述中间体溶于4.64体积的甲苯,用硅藻土(hyflo)过滤,用1.55体积的甲苯洗涤。加入1.05当量的对硝基苯甲醛和1.05当量的浓盐酸,混合物加热至55-65℃并搅拌1小时。然后在250mmHg情况下进行溶剂交换,用12.4体积93%异丙醇/7%水取代甲苯,在溶剂交换期间体积发生变化,由11-14体积变化至最后为~11体积。将混合物冷却至0-10℃并搅拌1小时。把针状结晶的产品过滤,用1.85体积的异丙醇洗涤二次,并于50-60℃真空干燥。标题化合物的现场产率总95+%,而分离产率为87-93%,效能99+%,以及EE为100%。
实施例3(S)-α-甲基-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-乙醇的另一合成方法
在-78℃将3.47g 4-溴-1,2-(亚甲基二氧基)苯溶于100ml四氢呋喃,在不到30分钟的时间内加入13.9ml 1.3M仲丁基锂的环己烷溶液以吸收芳基卤化物。用注射器添加1.00g(S)-(-)-1,2-环氧丙烷的2ml THF溶液,并将此溶液搅拌45分钟,将此溶液加温至23℃反应16小时。把反应混合物倾入3M氯化铵溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取以分离产物,合并的萃取液用硫酸镁干燥,用硅酸镁载体过滤,用旋转蒸发器浓缩,残余的油用硅胶色谱纯化,用50∶50己烷和二乙醚混合物洗脱得到1.40g(45%)标题中间体。
Pchem:[α]365+117.2°(c1.0,CHCl3)TLC Rf=0.26(50∶50己烷∶乙醚);IR(CHCl3)3598,3012,2973,2887,1490,1249,1041cm-1;BCNMR(CDCl3)d 147.75,146.19,132.26,122.27,109.68,108.30;质谱,m/z(FD,M+)180;元素分析计算值C10H12O3:C,66.65;H,6.71.测定值:C,66.42;H,6.66.
实施例4(5RS,7S)-7,8-二氢-7-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-5H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-G][2]苯并吡喃的另一合成方法
把244g对硝基苯甲醛加入300g由实施例1生物催化还原阶段得到的中间体的4.45l甲苯溶液中,在15-20分钟内滴加166.5ml浓盐酸,将得到的混合物于60℃加热2.5小时。把混合物冷却至室温,旋转蒸发浓缩,加入3l乙醇,将混合物浓缩成固体,再加入另一份3l乙醇并搅拌1小时。把浆液冷却过夜,真空过滤分离出结晶产物,滤饼用乙醇洗涤、在40-60℃真空干燥,得到450g(86%)灰白色固体,经测定为上述标题光学活性中间体的异物体混合物。
P Chem:[α]365+55°(c 0.4,CHCl3)
实施例5(5RS,7S)-7,8-二氢-7-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-5H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-G][2]苯并吡喃-5-醇的合成
把350g实施例4的异构中间体加入731ml二甲亚砜和2923ml二甲基甲酰胺的溶液,将混合物冷却至8-12℃并把压缩空气通入混合物。一次加入117.5ml 50%氢氧化钠水溶液,得到的混合物搅拌4.5小时。于10-15℃用30-60分钟的时间用套管把反应混合物加入8.25l搅拌的1N盐酸溶液中,得到的沉淀经过滤、用3l水洗涤,再空气干燥至恒重(384g),湿滤饼可直接用于实施例6而不用进一步干燥。
P Chem:数据由3∶1异构体混合物测定
TLC Rf=0.19(75∶25(己烷∶乙酸乙酯);IR(CHCl3)3605,3590,3015,3000,2960,2910,1608,1522,1484,1352,1240,1042cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ(主要异构体)8.16(d,2H,J=6.9Hz),7.73(d,2H,J=6.9Hz),6.55(s,1H),6.38(s,1H),5.86(s,1H),5.83(s,1H),4.38(M,1H),2.70(m,2H),1.39(d,3H,J=6.3Hz);d(次要异构体)8.27(d,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.90(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),6.87(s,1H),6.73(s,1H),6.03(s,1H),6.02(s,1H),3.95(m,1H),2.7(obscured,m,2H),1.24(d,3H,J=6.1Hz);mass spectrum,m/z(FD,M+)329;元素分析计算值C17H15NO6:C,62.01;H,4.59;N,4.25.测定值C,62.22,H,4.79;N,4.29.
实施例6(S)-乙酸-[[6-(2-羟基丙基)-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼
在2300ml乙醇中的350g实施例5的湿滤饼之中加入94.5g乙酰肼和1ml浓盐酸,得到的溶液加热回流2.5小时。把混合物冷却至室温并用旋转蒸发器浓缩成黄色泡沫。把浓缩物溶于4.9l乙酸乙酯,先用1.5l饱和碳酸氢钠,再用1.5l盐水洗涤,有机相经硫酸钠干燥、过滤和浓缩给出373g黄色泡沫(91%),经鉴定此物质为标题化合物(经HPLC测量纯度为97%)的未分离异构体的1∶1混合物。
P Chem:数据由1∶1异构体混合物测定得到。
mp167.8-169.7℃ ;TLC Rf=0.55(乙酸乙酯);IR(CHCl3)3590,3485,3310,1694,1673,1520,1485,1346cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.64,8.50(s,1H,NH),8.18(d,2H,Ar-H),7.74,7.71(d,2H,J=8,Ar-H),6.99,6.95(s,1H,Ar-H),6.52,6.50(s,1H,Ar-H),6.06,6.05(d,2H,J=5,O2CH2),2.44(s,3H,CH3),3.87(m,1H,CH),2.4-2.2(m,2H,CH2),1.12,1.10(d,3H,CH3);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)d209.94(C),173.38,173.43(C),149.38,149.62(C),148.31,148.58(C),147.90,148.18(C),147.54(C),142.5,143.04(C),132.64(C),127.53,127.61(CH),123.75,123.77(CH),122.86,123.27(C),112.13(CH),110.55(CH),108.03,108.10(CH),108.03,108.10(CH),101.83(CH2),67.51,68.08(CH),42.37,42.97(CH2),23.48,23.83(CH3),23.48,23.83(CH3),20.47,20.55(CH3);[a]589+103.8°(c1,CHCl3);massspectrum,m/z(FD,M+)385;元素分析计算值C19H19N3O6:C,59.22;H,4.97;N,10.90.测定值C,58.99;H,5.04;N,
实施例7(S)-乙酸-[[6-[2-[(甲磺酰)氧基]丙基]-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼的合成
将340g实施例6中间体溶于2380ml二氯甲烷,溶液冷却至0°至-10℃并加入187ml三乙胺,然后加入78.2ml甲磺酰氯,把得到的混合物搅拌15-30分钟,加入510ml水。分离的有机相先用460ml 1N盐酸溶液,再用500ml盐水洗涤。把二氯甲烷溶液加热至35-45℃并在90分钟内加入4760ml己烷。混合物缓慢冷却至室温,再继续冷却至0-5℃,产物经真空过滤分离并在真空烘箱中于40-50℃干燥,给出356.2g(87%)标题化合物的异构体混合物,为黄色固体。
P Chem:数据由3∶1异构体混合物测定得到:mp150.5-152.5°;TLC Rf=0.80 and 0.73(乙酸乙酯);IR(CHCl3)1696,1520,1486,1346,1175,1041,923cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.44(s,1H,NH),8.20(d,2H,J=8.8Hz,Ar-H),7.73(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),6.94(d,1H,J=2.7Hz,Ar-H),6.57(d,1H,2.6Hz,Ar-H)6.08(d,2H,J=5.4Hz),4.77(m,1H,CH),2.90(s,3H,SCH3,主要),2.83(s,3H,SCH3,(次要),2.66-2.57(m,2H,CH2),1.30(d,3H,CH3,(次要),1.26(d,3H,CH3,主要);mass spectrum,m/z(FD,M+)385;元素分析计算值:r C20H21N3O8S;C,51.83;H,4.57;N,9.07;S,6.92.测定值:C,52.05;H,4.53;N,8.84;S,6.96.
实施例8(R)-7-乙酰基-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
把325g实施例7中间体溶于3174ml甲醇,在搅拌的上述溶液中加入38.1ml 50%苛性苏打溶液,得到的混合物搅拌4小时。在混合物中加入6348ml水,将此混合物搅拌3小时之后真空过滤分离出得到的沉淀,物料在真空烘箱中于45-55℃干燥,得到255g(97%)标题化合物,用HPLC面积百分数测定纯度为97.6%。把221g上述干燥物料进一步纯化,用1105ml乙醇再制成浆液,加热回流,得到的混合物冷却至室温,真空过滤分离出沉淀物,分离物在真空烘箱中于45-55℃干燥给出199g(90%)标题化合物,用HPLC效能试验测定纯度为100%。
实施例9(R)-7-乙酰基-5-(4-氨基苯基)-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
在5g实施例8中间体的50ml乙醇溶液中加入用水湿润的0.5g10%Pd/c,把此搅拌着的浆液用4g甲酸钾的4ml水溶液处理,得到的混合物搅拌2.5小时,然后用hyflo过滤。把滤液蒸馏浓缩至10-20ml,在温热(78℃)的上述溶液中缓慢加入22ml水,得到的混合物加热至90℃再缓慢冷却至室温。产物经真空过滤分离并用10-20ml水洗涤,分离得到的固体于50℃真空干燥给出4.17g(93%)标题化合物,用HPLC效能试验测定纯度为100%。
[α]365=-303.7(c=1,甲醇)
实施例10(5RS,7S)-7,8-二氢-7-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-5H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-G][2]苯并吡喃-5-醇的合成
将15g实施例4中间体(由Z.rouxii-催化酮还原衍生获得)溶于75ml二甲亚砜和75ml二甲基甲酰胺的溶液,将其冷却至7-9℃,然后用含氧40%的氮气充气,向其中加入7.62g 50%氢氧化钠水溶液,搅拌得到的混合物3-4小时。反应终止,保持温度为≤12℃,加入120ml甲苯,接着加入45ml水和10ml盐酸的混合物,相分离,有机层用75ml 10%硫化酸钠溶液洗涤,含有标题化合物的有机层可用于下一步骤。
实施例11(S)-乙酸-[[6-(2-羟丙基)-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼的合成
在实施例10中间体的甲苯溶液中加入4.26g乙酰肼和0.01体积的盐酸,得到的混合物加热回流3.5小时,用迪安-斯达克分水器去除水,反应混合物真空蒸馏浓缩至1体积。浓缩物用105ml二氯甲烷稀释,用各为50-55ml的饱合碳酸氢钠溶液和盐水洗涤。有机溶液用硫酸镁(0.25wt.%)干燥,用hyflo饼过滤,过滤器用1体积的二氯甲烷洗涤,含有标题化合物的合并的有机相可用于下一步骤。
实施例12(S)-乙酸-[[6-(2-甲磺酰)氧基]丙基]-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼的合成
将含有实施例11中间体的二氯甲烷溶液冷却至0至-5℃,加入10ml三乙胺,向其中缓慢加入4.1ml甲磺酰氯以保持反应温度≤0℃,在反应溶液中加入1.5体积水。分离出有机相并用2.5体积的1N盐酸溶液洗涤。分离出有机相,用常压蒸馏浓缩至原体积的一半,在45℃向溶液中滴加庚烷(庚烷和有机浓缩液体积比为2∶1)以沉淀出产物。把搅拌的混合物冷却至20-25℃ 1小时,再冷却至0至-5℃1-2小时,沉淀经真空过滤分离,用3体积庚烷∶二氯甲烷4∶1混合液洗涤,然后在真空烘箱中于45-50℃干燥。得到17.43g(78%)标题化合物,为腙异构体的光学活性混合物,HPLC效能试验测定纯度为97.7%。
实施例13(R)-7-乙酰基-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-H][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
把17.5g实施例12中间体悬浮于175ml乙醇,在搅拌的上述混合物中加入1.7g粉末状氢氧化钠,得到的混合物搅拌1小时。向其中加入88ml水,混合物搅拌1小时,之后,真空过滤分离得到的沉淀,并用175ml水洗涤。物料在真空烘箱中于70℃干燥给出12.2g(86%)标题化合物,用HPLC效能试验测定纯度为99.9%。
实施例14(R)-7-乙酰基-5-(4-氨基苯基)-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成。
用实施例13的产物,以与实施例9所述相同实验步骤制备标题化合物。
实施例15(R)-7-乙酰基-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂。
将1.05g(S)-乙酸[[6-[2-(羟基)丙基]-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼和0.78g三苯膦于70ml四氢呋喃中的溶液冷却至0℃,在15分钟内向其中滴加0.57g偶氮二甲酸二乙酯的5ml四氢呋喃溶液,得到的混合物搅拌2小时,然后加热至室温反应2小时。把混合物转移至分液漏斗,用1N盐酸和盐水洗涤溶液。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤和用旋转蒸发器浓缩。残余物通过硅胶柱洗脱(1∶1乙酸乙酯∶己烷)。将含有所需化合物的馏份浓缩成黄色油,放置后固化。0℃下将黄色晶状物在30ml CH2Cl2和己烷(3∶7)中制成浆液,过滤出沉淀物,溶液浓缩成黄色泡沫。此残余物悬浮于10ml乙醇中,将其加热回流,然后缓慢冷却至室温,过滤收集沉淀,在真空烘箱中于60℃干燥后给出0.51g(50%)标题化合物(100%ee),由HPLC效能试验知纯度为98.3%。
实施例16-18
在250ml烧瓶中把含表1微生物的0.5ml冷冻酵母悬浮液加入50ml酵母-麦芽介质中,振动48小时后,把1.0ml培养物加入另外的50ml介质中并再振动48小时。加入3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基丙酮直至最后浓度为10g/l,同时加入1ml 10%葡萄糖。将上述培养物培育并振动24小时,然后用HPLC分析存在的实施例1手性醇中间体。
表1实施例. 微生物 来源 %转化 %EE16 Candida famata (C.f.) A.T.C.C. 0.0 ----
2641817 Zygosaccharomyces (Z.r.) A.T.C.C. 77.8 99.5
rouxii 1446218 深黄被孢霉 (M.i.) N.R.R.L. 1.7 94.3
1557
实施例19(S)-乙酸[[6-[2-(甲磺酰)氧基]丙基-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-氨基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼的合成
在实施例7中间体(5.00g)的100ml异丙醇悬浮液中加入10%Pd/c(1g),接着再加入溶于8ml水的甲酸钾(3.7g),1.5小时后加入第二份甲酸钾(3.7g),随后再加入10%Pd/c(1g),起始物在30分钟内被反应掉。将混合物用硅藻土塞过滤并浓缩,把残余物溶于二氯甲烷,用水和盐水洗涤,有机溶液用Na2SO4干燥、过滤和浓缩,分离出标题化合物(4.52g)浅黄色固体,产率97%,为1∶1.3异构体混合物。
数据由1∶1.3异构体混合物测定得到。
TLC Rf=0.83(乙腈);IR(CHCl3)3010,1670,1628,1332,1174,1041,922cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d 8.18(d,2H,J=9.2),7.39(d,2H,J=11.4),7.38(d,2H,J=10),6.91(s,1H),6.89(s,1H),6.62(d,2H,J=8.5),6.61(d,2H,J=8.1),6.57(s,1H),6.56(s,1H),6.06(m,4H),4.71(sext.,2H,J=7),3.9(br s,4H),2.86(s,3H),2.78(s,3H),2.74-2.49(m,4H),1.29(d,3H,J=10.8),1.25(d,3H,10.8);massspectrum,m/z(FD,M+)433;UV max(乙醇)326nm(ε20767),231(17587),205(42765).
实施例20(R)-7-乙酰基-5-(4-氨基苯基)-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
在0.51g实施例19中间体的6ml THF溶液中一次加入叔丁醇钾(0.17g),将溶液于环境温度下搅拌2小时,然后加热至40-50℃4小时。加入10ml 3M氯化铵使反应停止。反应混合物用15ml乙醚稀释,用各为15ml的水和盐水洗涤。有机溶液用Na2SO4干燥、过滤和浓缩,残余物溶于5-10ml热二氯甲烷,加入10-20ml乙醚使产物沉淀,过滤分离出产物,并再次溶解于乙醇并浓缩,以58%的产率分离出标题化合物(0.23g),ee 100%(HPLC手性测定)。
实施例21甲基氨基脲
在氮气芬中将17ml(350.4mmol)一水合肼溶于200ml冷至2.5℃的乙醇,在此搅拌的冷溶液中用2小时滴加10.3ml(174.6mmol)异氰酸甲酯的150ml甲苯溶液,同时使内温保持在<6℃,将无色透明溶液在5-10℃搅拌30分钟,然后蒸发并真空干燥得到15.19g白色固体。将此固体于40ml甲苯中搅拌并加热回流给出浑浊溶液,缓慢冷却至室温并搅拌2小时,用粗玻璃过滤悬浮液,固体用己烷洗涤并在50℃真空干燥给出13.39g(86.4%)标题化合物白色晶状固体,mp=116℃。MS(FD+)=89.IR:3362,3303,1630,1561cm-1.1H NMR(DMSO):δ2.57(d,3,J=4),4.06(br.s,2),6.27(br.s,1),6.94(br.s,1).13C NMR(DMSO):δ160.87,25.89.
实施例22(S)-2-[[6-(2-羟丙基)-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]-N-甲基肼甲酰胺的合成
在有氮气层保护的烧瓶中将5.17g(15.70mmol)实施例5中间体溶于30ml乙醇,搅拌下向其中加入1.75g(19.7mmol)甲基氨基脲,混合物加热回流以溶解固体,然后加入5滴浓盐酸,回流1小时后,溶液中沉淀出黄色固体。1小时后HPLC确认反应已完成,得到38.2%和55.4%产物的二种异构体而无起始物留存。使黄色浆液缓慢冷却至室温搅拌1小时,然后再在冰水浴中搅拌30分钟。通过粗玻璃过滤混合物,固体用乙醇洗涤并在50℃真空干燥,得到5.08(81.2%)标题化合物黄色固体,mp=238℃,HPLC测定表明有二种异构体,46.2%+53.1%。
MS(FD+)=400.IR:1692,1345 cm-1.1H NMR(DMSO):δ0.90(t,3,J=6);2.22(m,2);2.72(d,3,J=5);3.63(m,1);4.42(d,1/2,J=6);4.58(d,1/2,J=6);6.10(s,2);6.69(d,1,J=8);7.05(d,1,J=10);7.32(br.t,1,J=4);7.85(d,2,J=9);8.18(d,2,J=9);8.62(d,1,J=8).13C NMR(DMSO):δ24.27,24.51,27.18,43.30,43.73,67.09,67.47,102.45,108.95,109.19,111.50,111.54,112.41,112.45,124.40,124.48,124.69,128.35,133.47,133.69,144.55,144.61,144.68,144.79,147.71,147.76,148.06,149.39,149.54,156.11,156.23.元素分析计算值:C19H20N4O6:C,57.00;H,5.03;N,13.99;测定值:C,57.72;H,5.01;N,13.99.
实施例23(S)-N-甲基-2-[[6-[2-[(甲磺酰)氧基]丙基]-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]肼甲酰胺的合成
在氮气层保护的烧瓶中把2.00g(5.00mmol)实施例22中间体在120ml无水THF中制成浆液,缓慢加热混合物使固体溶解,然后缓慢冷却至室温而无沉淀析出。在此黄色溶液中加入1.1ml(7.89mmol)三乙胺,然后在冰水/NaCl浴中冷却该溶液并加入500μl(6.34mmol)甲磺酰氯,30分钟后HPLC表明反应已完成,有99.0%甲磺酸酯。以50ml水使反应骤停并用100ml乙酸乙酯将其转移至分液漏斗中,有机相用1N盐酸(50ml)和盐水(50ml)洗涤,然后干燥(Na2SO4),蒸发溶剂得到2.56g粗制标题化合物的黄色固体/泡沫。把标题化合物粗制品溶于12ml CH2Cl2并将溶液加热回流,向此溶液中滴加6ml己烷使之产生黄色固体沉淀,在搅拌的同时使混合物缓慢冷却至室温,室温搅拌1h后混合物用粗玻璃过滤,固体用己烷洗涤,在50℃和30mmHg条件下干燥后收集标题产物,为2.19g(91.6%)黄色晶体。mp=164℃.MS(FD)=478.IR:1696,1346cm-1.1H NMR(DMSO):δ1.12 & 1.19(d,3,J=6);2.52(m,2);2.73(d,3,J=3);2.98 & 3.03(s,3);4.76 & 4.84(q,1,J=6,12);6.13(s,2);6.74 & 6.78(s,1);7.16 & 7.20(s,1);7.33(brt,1,J=5);7.86(d,2,J=9);8.18 & 8.22(d,2,J=9);8.76(s,1).13C NMR(DMSO)δ21.35,21.47,27.09,38.55,79.50,79.91,102.56,109.34,109.46,111.34,111.37,111.72,111.74,124.37,124.42,124.86,128.26,128.36,130.01,130.14,143.74,143.81,144.22,144.32,147.93,147.98,148.19,148.25,149.65,155.97.元素分析计算值:C20H22N4O8S:C,50.21;H,4.63;N,11.71:测定值:C,50.46;H,4.71;N,11.65.
实施例24(R)-7-N-甲基氨基甲酰基-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
在有氮气层保护的烧瓶中把1.50g实施例23中间体在40ml无水THF中制成浆液,搅拌,使黄色混合物于丙酮/冰浴中冷却并加入276mg(3.45mmol)叔丁醇锂,搅拌1小时后,HPLC指出在混浊的橙/红色混合物内有96.5%所需产物,仅留有3.1%起始物。90分钟后,用5ml饱和NH4Cl水溶液使反应骤停,将混合物用5mlH2O和60ml CH2Cl2转移至分液漏斗中。黄色的有机层用20ml 1N HCl、饱和NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发去除溶剂提供1.29g粗制标题化合物,为黄色固体/泡沫。
MS(FD+)=382.2
元素分析C19H18N4O5
计算值:C,59.68;H,4.74;N,14,65;
测定值:C,60.00;H,5.13;N,13.75;
实施例25(R)-5-(4-氨基苯基)-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-7-N-甲基氨基甲酰基-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
在有氮气层保护的烧瓶中将902mg(2.36mmol)实施例24中间体溶于9ml乙醇,在此溶液中加入90ml 10%Pd/C,接着加入690mg(8.20mmol)甲酸钾的0.7ml水溶液,用吸液管在约30秒内加入甲酸盐溶液引起放热反应使之在2-3分钟后达到53℃,15分钟后部分反应混合物的HPLC分析说明仅有所需产物存在。用经乙醇湿润的置于微纤维纸上的硅藻土塞过滤黑色反应溶液,过滤器用大量乙醇洗涤。蒸发滤液得到953mg粗制标题化合物的浅黄色固体。在由含水乙醇重结晶后,物料在水和乙酸乙酯中分配,有机相用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发溶剂,用乙醇汽提产物数次给出647mg(97%)标题化合物,为浅褐至黄色的固体,mp=142.4℃,手性HPLC分析测定ee99.50%。
实施例26(S)-乙酸[[6-(2-溴丙基)-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基](4-硝基苯基)亚甲基]酰肼的合成。
室温下10g(2.59mmol)实施例6中间体、0.265g(3.89mmol)咪唑和0.849g(3.24mmol)三苯膦于10ml CH2Cl2中化合形成金黄色溶液,在冰水浴中使之冷却至0℃,之后加入0.414g(2.59mmol)溴。将反应混合物于0℃搅拌90分钟,在此期间可观察到略有浑浊,然后加入6ml 1N HCl使反应骤停。把混合物转移至分液漏斗中,用20ml1N HCl洗涤二次,再用10ml饱和盐水溶液洗涤,有机相用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发生成红棕色胶状固体。硅胶快速色谱纯化,用2∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,得到0.71g(78%)标题化合物。为消除溴而产生大约5%的苯乙烯污染物。可观察到腙的双键异构体和酰胺旋光异构体混合物,它们使1H NMR光谱复杂化。
1H NMR(CDCl3)1.39,and 1.44,and 1.58,and 1.65(d,3,J=6),2.48(s,3),2.50-2.85(m,2),3.85-4.15(m,1),6.09(s,1),6.11(s,1),6.55(s,1),6.94(s,1),7.73 and 7.80(d,2,J=9),8.19,and 8.20(d,2,J=9),8.37,and 8.45(s,1).MS(FD+)M+=450 测定为C19H18N3O5Br.
实施例277-乙酰基-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-H][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成。
在有氮气层保护的烧瓶中使0.100g(0.22mmol)实施例26中间体溶于2ml无水THF,并在冰水浴中冷却至0℃,加入0.018g(0.22mmol)叔丁醇锂,混合物于0℃搅拌2小时,在此期间内用HPLC监测反应进程。由HPLC指出大约形成了10%的产物,依然留存着大量的起始物。把烧瓶用玻璃塞盖好并在-35℃冷藏箱中放置3天,在室温再放置8小时,HPLC指出有16%所需产物。反应混合物用1ml 50%饱和NH4Cl水溶液骤停并用10ml CH2Cl2转移至分液漏斗中,混合物先用10ml 1N HCl洗涤2次,接着用10ml饱和盐水溶液洗涤。有机溶液用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发后得到黄棕色胶状固体,产量0.05g。通过与真实产品的1H NMR光谱和HPLC痕量分析比较确定所需产物以15%的产率生成。主要产物为由消除产生的相应苯乙烯衍生物。
实施例28(S)-α-甲基-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-乙醇的另一合成方法
在镁悄(turnings)(17g)于50ml四氢呋喃的悬浮液中滴加5-溴-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯(93.6g)的溶液,滴加完成后,用250ml四氢呋喃稀释混合物,得到的混合物搅拌过夜。把13ml溶液(0.78M)转移至装有碘化铜(I)(0.12g)的园底烧瓶中,所得混合物冷却至-50℃,缓慢加入(S)-(-)-1,2-环氧丙烷的3ml四氢呋喃溶液,然后搅拌10分钟。混合物用乙醚稀释,分离的有机相用水和盐水洗涤,水洗液用乙醚(2X)萃取,合并的有机溶液用硫酸镁干燥、过滤和浓缩,残余物用硅胶色谱纯化(50%乙醚的戊烷)给出1.66g所需产物(91%),手性HPLC分析指出产物的光学纯度为98.3%。
实施例29(R)-7-乙酰基-8,9-二氢-8-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)-7H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-h][2,3]苯并二氮杂的合成
在实施例7中间体(1.53g)的60ml甲苯悬液中加入10ml 1N氢氧化钠和溴化四丁基铵(0.053g),把所得混合物剧烈搅拌72小时。混合物用盐水洗涤,有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤并用旋转蒸发器浓缩,把残余物溶于乙醇并浓缩至于得到1.05g标题产物(86%)。HPLC分析指出产生的相应消除产物<0.5%。
Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,制备具有通式I的化合物或其可药用盐,式I中R为甲基,X表示氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基,该方法包括环化通式VIII的化合物,其中式VIII中R为甲基,X为氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、N-甲基氨基甲酰基或保护基,芳基为对-硝基苯基、对-氨基苯基或对-保护的氨基苯基,之后,如果必要的话:
(a)还原对-硝基苯基得到对-氨基苯基;
(b)使对-保护的氨基-苯基脱保护得到对-氨基苯基;
(c)除去X表示的保护基,得到其中X为氢的式I化合物;和/或
(d)酰化其中X为氢的式I化合物,得到其中X为甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基的式I化合物;以及如果需要的话,制备可药用的盐。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中Z表示卤原子或有机磺酰氧基,以及环化反应在碱存在下进行。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中Z表示C1-C4烷基磺酰氧基、三氟甲基磺酰氧基或苯磺酰氧基,其中苯基可以是未取代的或被一个或两个取代基取代,取代基独立地选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、卤素、硝基和卤代C1-C4烷基。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中碱选自碱金属氢氧化物、碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属氢化物和碱金属醇盐。
6.根据权利要求1-5的任一项的方法,其中环化反应在-30至100℃的温度下进行。
7.根据权利要求2的方法,其中Z表示离去原子或基团的式VIII化合物可通过使其中Z表示羟基的式VIII化合物与三芳基膦在偶氮二甲酸酯存在下反应现场制备。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中三芳基膦为三苯基膦,偶氮二甲酸酯为偶氮二甲酸二乙酯。
9.根据权利要求7或8的方法,其中环化反应在-30至100℃的温度下进行。
11.根据权利要求10的化合物,其中Z为羟基,X表示氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基,芳基表示对-硝基苯基或对-氨基苯基。
12.根据权利要求11的化合物,其中X表示乙酰基,芳基表示对-硝基苯基。
13.根据权利要求10的化合物,其中R为甲基,Z为卤原子,C1-C4烷基磺酰氧基、三氟甲基磺酰氧基或苯磺酰氧基,其中苯基可是未取代的或被一个或两个独立选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、卤素、硝基和卤代C1-C4烷基的取代基所取代;X表示氢、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基或N-甲基氨基甲酰基,芳基表示对-硝基苯基或对-氨基苯基。
14.根据权利要求13的化合物,其中Z为甲磺酰氧基,X表示乙酰基,芳基表示对硝基苯基。
15.立体有择地制备具有通式(I)化合物的方法:其中R为氢或C1-C10烷基;和
X为氢、C1-C10烷基、酰基、芳基、羧基或其取代的衍生基团或保护基;
芳基为对-硝基苯基、对-氨基苯基或对-保护的氨基苯基,所述方法包括下列步骤:
f)使式VI化合物(i)与磺酰基卤试剂和碱反应生成中间体磺酸酯,接着使所得的磺酸酯与强碱反应;或(ii)通过直接Mitsunobu环化反应制得式I化合物。
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UA67749C2 (uk) | 1997-08-12 | 2004-07-15 | Егіш Дьйодьсердьяр Рт. | Похідна 8-заміщеного-9н-1,3-діоксол/4,5-h//2,3/бензодіазепіну з властивостями амра/каїнатного антагоніста, спосіб одержання похідних, фармацевтична композиція (варіанти), спосіб її одержання та спосіб лікування |
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