CN108585932A - 一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法,采用常压/真空/常压/真空的溶胶‑凝胶重复浸渍技术,制备了浸渍效果明显的椴木模板;之后采用高温空气氛围烧结技术,得到了保留椴木模板微结构的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体多孔陶瓷。本发明技术方法为木材类模板浸渍制备多孔陶瓷材料提供较先进的技术参考;制备出的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷密度低,电磁波吸波性能优异,期望用于高要求军事、民用电磁屏蔽领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质材料、无机多孔陶瓷制备技术领域,具体涉及一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
椴木作为阔叶树材中的散孔材,其内部管孔丰富,早晚材管孔直径大小没有显著差异,均匀的分布于年轮中,易于液体在其中流动;且椴木硬度适中,细胞间质结构均匀致密,易加工,韧性强,不易开裂变形。因此是制备多孔陶瓷材料的优良模板。
Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体是一种高性能的亚铁磁性材料,它的晶体结构和天然的镁铝尖晶石结构相同,其中氧离子作面心立方堆积,存在着四面体座(A位)和八面体座(B位)两类空隙。单位晶胞含有8个分子,即8个XY2O4,32个氧原子组成64个四面体座和32个八面体座,但是只有8个四面体座和16个八面体座能被阳离子占据。所以在尖晶石晶胞中,有很多空隙是缺位,这种缺位是由离子间化学价的平衡作用等因素决定的,但却易于用其他金属离子填充和替代,这为铁氧体的掺杂和改性提供了有利条件,也是尖晶石型铁氧体可以制备成具有各种不同性能材料,得到广泛应用的结构基础。
同时Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体又具有介电性能。当电磁波通过时,它既能产生磁损耗又能产生介电损耗,是一类应用广泛的涂覆型吸波材料。但是其密度较大,限制了其作为吸波材料的应用范围。
本发明以sol-gel法制备Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶,浸渍椴木模板,再经过高温烧结形成生物形貌多孔Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体陶瓷。期望成为低密度,高性能吸波材料,满足现代生活对吸波材料的更高要求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法,采用常压/真空/常压/真空的溶胶-凝胶重复浸渍技术,制备了浸渍效果明显的椴木模板;采用了高温空气氛围烧结技术,得到了保留椴木模板微结构的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体多孔陶瓷。
本发明目的在于制备一种多孔结构的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体陶瓷材料,以期用于低密度、高性能的涂覆型吸波材料。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)椴木模板制备
取5年生椴木材,气干后,锯切成6mm(axial)×20mm(radial)×20mm(tangential)方块,将切割好的木材置于超声波清洗器中,加入50-70℃去离子水超声振荡1.5-3h;取出后置65-75℃烘箱内干燥24-36h,再移入索氏抽提器中,在苯醇溶液中抽提18-24h,苯醇体积配比为95%CH3CH2OH:C6H6=2:1,抽提后取出木块,置于通风橱里自然风干。苯醇抽提主要用来去除木材导管和细胞腔中单宁和树脂等脂肪类有机物,使溶胶浸渍的管孔更加畅通,有利于溶胶的深入浸渍。
(2)Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶制备
制备Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2-xCrxO4溶胶0.1mol,采用分析纯化学试剂组分及质量如下:Ni(NO3)2·6H2O:14.539克,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O:14.874克,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O:80.800克;分别称取上述3种化学试剂,取去离子水1000ml,加入Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,置45-55℃水浴箱中搅拌至完全溶解成溶液A;同时取去离子水300ml,加入63.042克C6H8O7·H2O并搅拌直至完全溶解成溶液B,在磁力搅拌状态下将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B,持续搅拌2.5-3小时,使两者充分混合形成溶液C;此时溶液C显示酸性,向溶液C中缓慢加入NH4OH,直至溶液C呈中性(pH=7),搅拌2小时后形成均一溶胶,在50℃-80℃温度范围内逐步升高水浴温度,缓慢蒸发溶液C直至形成浓度为0.2-0.8mol/L的溶胶后取出;
(3)溶胶浸渍模板过程
室温下将上述一定浓度的溶胶密封于烧杯中,将上述抽提干燥后的椴木块沉入溶胶中浸渍36-60h,再将烧杯移入48-55℃恒温下的真空干燥箱中,干燥箱的真空度抽至1000Pa以下,浸渍36-60h后干燥箱恢复到常压状态并取出椴木块,室温下放置3-5h后置于鼓风干燥箱中50℃干燥48h后取出,重复以上浸渍-干燥过程2-5次;
(4)高温烧结Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷
将浸渍-干燥后的椴木块置于真空管式炉中,在空气氛围下升温至1200℃进行烧结,升温过程为:从室温到220℃-240℃,升温速率为1℃/min,保温30-40min;从230℃到500℃,再以1.5℃/min的升温速率,升温至480℃-510℃;再以3-5℃/min的升温速率,升温至1150-1250℃,保温160-200min后自然降温到室温,即得。
其中,所述步骤(3)溶胶浸渍模板过程最佳选择为取0.6mol/L的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶于常压浸渍50h—真空浸渍50h—干燥处理,重复以上浸渍-干燥过程4次。
其中,所述高温烧结的具体升温过程为:从室温到230℃,升温速率为1℃/min,在230℃保温30min;从230℃到500℃,升温速率为1.5℃/min;从500℃到1200℃,升温速率为4℃/min,在1200℃保温180min后自然降温到室温。
本发明有益效果如下:为木材类模板浸渍制备多孔陶瓷材料提供较先进的技术参考;制备出的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷密度低,电磁波吸波性能优异,期望用于高要求军事、民用电磁屏蔽领域。
附图说明
图1为椴木模板浸渍时间与浸渍率关系曲线;
图2为椴木模板浸渍Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4溶胶后的TG-DSC曲线;
图3为多孔陶瓷烧结升温曲线;
图4为椴木模板和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷的扫描电镜图片;
图5为椴木模板和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
结合具体实施例与附图对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
(1)椴木模板制备:
5年生椴木材取自安徽农业大学林场。气干后,锯切成6mm(axial)×20mm(radial)×20mm(tangential)方块,将切割好的木材置于超声波清洗器中,加入60℃去离子水超声振荡2h;取出后置70℃烘箱内干燥30h,再移入索氏抽提器中,在100ml苯醇溶液中抽提,苯醇体积配比为95%CH3CH2OH:C6H6=2:1抽提20h,抽提后取出木块,置于通风橱里自然风干。
(2)Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶制备:
制备Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4溶胶0.1mol,采用国药集团生产的分析纯化学试剂名称及质量如下:Ni(NO3)2·6H2O:14.539克,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O:14.874克,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O:80.800克,分别称取上述3种化学试剂,取去离子水1000ml,加入Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,置50℃水浴箱中搅拌至完全溶解成溶液A。同时取去离子水300ml,加入63.042克C6H8O7·H2O并搅拌直至完全溶解成溶液B,在磁力搅拌状态下将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B,持续搅拌3小时,使两者充分混合形成溶液C。此时溶液C显示酸性,向溶液C中缓慢加入NH4OH,直至溶液C呈中性(pH=7),搅拌2小时后形成均一溶胶,在50℃-80℃温度范围内逐步升高水浴温度,缓慢蒸发溶液C直至形成浓度为0.2-0.8mol/L的溶胶后取出。
(3)溶胶浸渍模板过程
室温下将上述一定浓度的溶胶密封于烧杯中,将上述抽提干燥后的椴木块沉入溶胶中浸渍36-60h,再将烧杯移入50℃恒温下的真空干燥箱中,干燥箱的真空度抽至1000Pa以下。浸渍36-60h后干燥箱恢复到常压状态并取出椴木块,室温下放置3-5h后置于鼓风干燥箱中50℃干燥48h后取出。重复以上浸渍-干燥过程1-5次。
(4)高温烧结Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷
将浸渍-干燥后的椴木块置于真空管式炉中,在空气氛围下升温至1200℃进行烧结。具体升温过程为:从室温到230℃,升温速率为1℃/min;在230℃保温30min;从230℃到500℃,升温速率为1.5℃/min;从500℃到1200℃,升温速率为4℃/min。在1200℃保温180min后自然降温到室温。
实施例2
浸渍方案优化:
定义浸渍率I为:其中,m0为块材原始绝干质量,mn为浸渍后的块材绝干质量。分别制备浓度为0.20mol/L、0.40mol/L、0.60mol/L、0.80mol/L的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶各一份,按实施例1步骤(3)浸渍抽提后的椴木块1次,实验测出相应的浸渍率分别为:78%、81%、112%和98%。可见,浓度为0.60mol/L的溶胶浸渍效果最好。同时,浸渍率与浸渍时间的关系(溶胶浓度为0.60mol/L)见图1。可见浸渍时间的延长有利于液体与木材充分接触,使得渗透和扩散有足够的时间来达到最终的平衡;但考虑到时间成本,浸渍时间也不能太长,因此本实验每次浸渍时间设定为50h。最后,重复浸渍次数为1、2、3、4次对应的浸渍率为:112%、165%、193%和196%。可见,增加浸渍次数会提高浸渍率,但浸渍次数太多,木块频繁的浸渍烘干,将造成组成木材细胞壁的木质素、纤维素和半纤维素溶解,破坏木材的多孔结构,最终会使烧结出的多孔陶瓷产生大量的缺陷,因此本实验以浸渍4次为最优次数。总之,最优浸渍方案为:溶胶浓度0.60mol/L,室温和真空浸渍时间均为50h,重复浸渍4次。
实施例3
高温烧结方案优化:
图2(b)和(d)图为椴木块浸渍溶胶后的粉末TG-DSC曲线,从(b)图可看出在220℃-240℃区域失重约60%,失重速率最大,由(d)图可知,DSC曲线在230℃附近出现一深V型的放热峰,这主要是凝胶在该温度范围内集中热分解产生大量热量所致,表明柠檬酸络合物在该温度区间发生了猛烈的燃烧;在430℃-480℃温度区域,TG曲线显示失重约5%,这应该是残余的有机物再次分解导致。
根据上述溶胶热解的的TG-DSC曲线分析,设计出最佳烧结升温曲线如图3所示。
实施例4
高温烧结后多孔陶瓷尺寸收缩率分析:
椴木模板经过溶胶浸渍后,空气中烧结得到Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷,其收缩率见表1。可见烧结陶瓷收缩率较大,陶瓷体积显著小于模板体积。轴向、径向和切向收缩率均随温度升高而增大,相同的烧结温度下切向收缩率大于径向收缩率和轴向收缩率。
表1椴木模板浸渍溶胶后空气中烧结收缩率
实施例5
椴木模板和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷的扫描电镜表征:
分别测试了椴木模板炭材和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷的扫描电镜图片,图4(a)(b)是Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷横切面图片,(c)(d)是椴木模板炭材横切面图片。两者对比可见,多孔陶瓷的微结构形貌和椴木模板的微结构形貌保持一致,但由于烧结的收缩效应,陶瓷的孔径远远小于模板的孔径。
实施例6
椴木模板和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷的XRD表征:
图5是椴木模板和Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷的XRD谱,可见椴木模板的XRD图谱呈现无定型结构,两个主要的特征衍射峰分别在16.5°和21.9°附近,对应着椴木纤维结晶区的(101)和(002)晶面。随着烧结温度的升高,椴木的特征衍射峰消失,Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体的特征衍射峰开始出现,烧结温度越高,衍射峰强度越大,说明烧结温度升高时,Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体陶瓷颗粒尺寸增大。
Claims (3)
1.一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)椴木模板制备
取5年生椴木材,气干后,锯切成6 mm (axial) × 20 mm (radial) × 20 mm(tangential)方块,将切割好的木材置于超声波清洗器中,加入50-70℃去离子水超声振荡1.5-3h;取出后置65-75℃烘箱内干燥24-36h,再移入索氏抽提器中,在苯醇溶液中抽提18-24h,苯醇体积配比为95%CH3CH2OH:C6H6=2:1,抽提后取出木块,置于通风橱里自然风干;
(2)Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶制备
制备Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2-x Cr x O4溶胶0.1 mol,采用分析纯化学试剂组分及质量如下:Ni(NO3)2·6H2O:14.539克,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O:14.874克,Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O:80.800克;分别称取上述3种化学试剂,取去离子水1000ml,加入Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O,置45-55℃水浴箱中搅拌至完全溶解成溶液A;同时取去离子水300ml,加入63.042克C6H8O7 ·H2O并搅拌直至完全溶解成溶液B,在磁力搅拌状态下将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B,持续搅拌2.5-3小时,使两者充分混合形成溶液C;此时溶液C显示酸性,向溶液C中缓慢加入NH4OH,直至溶液C呈中性(pH=7),搅拌2小时后形成均一溶胶,在50℃-80℃温度范围内逐步升高水浴温度,缓慢蒸发溶液C直至形成浓度为0.2-0.8 mol/L的溶胶后取出;
(3)溶胶浸渍模板过程
室温下将上述一定浓度的溶胶密封于烧杯中,将上述抽提干燥后的椴木块沉入溶胶中浸渍36-60h,再将烧杯移入48-55℃恒温下的真空干燥箱中,干燥箱的真空度抽至1000Pa以下,浸渍36-60h后干燥箱恢复到常压状态并取出椴木块,室温下放置3-5h后置于鼓风干燥箱中50℃干燥48h后取出,重复以上浸渍-干燥过程2-5次;
(4)高温烧结Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4多孔陶瓷
将浸渍-干燥后的椴木块置于真空管式炉中,在空气氛围下升温至1200℃进行烧结,升温过程为:从室温到220℃- 240℃,升温速率为1℃/min,保温30-40min;从230℃到500℃,再以1.5℃/min的升温速率,升温至480℃-510℃;再以3-5℃/min的升温速率,升温至1150-1250℃,保温160-200min后自然降温到室温,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)溶胶浸渍模板过程选择0.6mol/L的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶于常压浸渍50h—真空浸渍50h—干燥处理,重复以上浸渍-干燥过程4次。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种椴木模板多孔铁氧体陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温烧结的具体升温过程为:从室温到230℃,升温速率为1℃/min,在230℃保温30min;从230℃到500℃,升温速率为1.5℃/min;从500℃到1200℃,升温速率为4℃/min,在1200℃保温180min后自然降温到室温。
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