CN108575634A - A kind of innoxious cultural method of Sweet Potato For High. yield Production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting methods, and in particular to a kind of innoxious cultural method of Sweet Potato For High. yield Production, it is solved the technical issues of be to provide a kind of innoxious cultural method of the good quality and high output of sweet potato, follow the steps below：1）Selection improved seeds and nursery, 2）Selection of land ridging, fertilising, 3）Plantation：The plant of top strong sprout is selected, using covering with ground sheeting, planting density：4）Field management：Seedling management；Prevent steep length；5）Harvest in due course；The present invention is widely used in sweet potato planting technology field.

Description

A kind of high-yield and harmless cultivation method of sweet potato

technical field

The invention belongs to a method for planting crops, in particular to a high-yield and harmless cultivation method for sweet potatoes.

Background technique

Sweet potatoes are rich in protein, starch, pectin, cellulose, amino acids, vitamins and various minerals, and are known as "longevity food". It has anti-cancer, heart protection, prevention of emphysema, diabetes, weight loss and other effects. Sweet potato has high protein quality, which can make up for the nutritional deficiency in rice and white flour. Regular consumption can improve the utilization rate of nutrients in staple food, make people healthy and prolong life. With people's discovery and understanding of the nutritional value and medicinal value of sweet potato, sweet potato has become a treasure on people's dining table. Therefore, the development of sweet potato industry has very broad development prospects. The general output of the sweet potato cultivation methods on the market is 1-1.5 tons/mu, and there is room for further improving the yield, so further improvement of the cultivation methods is needed.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a high-quality, high-yield and harmless cultivation method for sweet potatoes.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a high-yield and harmless cultivation method of sweet potato, carried out according to the following steps:

1) Select good varieties and raise seedlings

Choose varieties with good taste and high yield, and use seedlings for propagation; when raising potato seedlings, choose 200-300 grams, neat and uniform, no pests, no wounds, and no cold damage as seeds. The average amount of seedlings per mu is 10- 25 kg, the seeding period is controlled at about 100 days before planting, when the length of the potato seedlings grows to 25-30 cm, the seedlings are trained, and the seedlings are trained for 3-5 days, and the seedlings are picked and planted in time;

2) Select land for ridging and fertilization

The ridge cultivation method is adopted, and the ridge method is: single ridge bottom width 33cm, height 33cm, ridge spacing 70cm; double ridge bottom width 60cm, height 33cm, ridge spacing 60cm, ridges before winter or spring; apply decomposed farmyard manure 3000 per mu kg, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer;

3) planting

Select the top strong seedlings for planting, choose the top strong seedlings with a length of 20-25 cm and 7-8 leaves, leave about 3-4 leaves on the ground when planting, and insert the remaining 4-5 leaves into the soil. After planting, the leaves are dry, and when planting, pour enough seedling water;

Cover with plastic film, single ridge is covered with 40cm wide plastic film, double ridge is covered with 80cm wide plastic film, first cover the film and then plant;

Planting density: Ridge height 30cm, one row per ridge, about 4,000 potato plants per mu in summer and autumn, oblique or flat insertion, potato seedlings 3-5cm into the soil, 3 nodes;

4) Field management

Seedling stage management: check the seedlings and replant within 5 days after planting, and keep the soil moist; cultivate once every 10-15 days after planting;

Management of tuber root expansion stage: planting for about 50-65 days, combined with rain or watering, apply cottonseed meal or sunflower meal, 3cm away from potato seedlings, 0.1-0.5 kg per plant;

Prevent steep growth: gently lift the vines and put them back in place. At the same time, combined with intertillage, vine tipping, reducing field humidity, improving ventilation conditions, inhibiting the growth of stems and leaves, and promoting tuber root expansion;

5) Timely harvest

The harvest of sweet potatoes is suitable. When the temperature drops to 15°C, planing begins. When the temperature is above 10°C or the ground temperature is above 12°C, the planing will be completed before the frost, and the planing will be completed before and after the cold dew.

The management of the root tuber expansion stage adopts furrow application or hole application.

The above-mentioned sweet potato planting method adopts crop rotation and inverted stubble.

As mentioned above, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that: the present invention adopts suitable cultivation methods at different stages.

The invention adopts the method of ridge cultivation, which can loosen the soil structure and increase the active soil layer, which is beneficial to increase the ground temperature and promote the early emergence of seedlings; after ridge formation, the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides of the day and night is large, which is beneficial to the expansion of potato pieces, more tubers and large tubers; Waterlogging can be drained, and it can be irrigated in time when it is dry.

Adopt the fertilization principle of "mainly farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, mainly base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing", and apply enough base fertilizer when preparing the soil.

The invention selects strong seedlings at the top for planting. The strong seedlings at the top have thick stems, large leaves and heavy seedlings, strong growth, top advantages, developed vegetative organs, strong stress resistance, fast rejuvenation after planting, early rooting, enlarged blocks, and high yield. In order to prevent the leaves from drying out after planting, water enough seedling water when planting.

The invention adopts plastic film covering to increase temperature, preserve moisture, accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, improve the physical structure of soil, optimize the growth environment of sweet potatoes, and obtain obvious yield-increasing effects after film covering, generally increasing yield by more than 20%, and rooting quickly after planting. The survival rate is high.

The field management adopted by the present invention is: management at the seedling stage: the key point is to check seedlings to make up for vacancies and preserve seedlings. Generally, check the seedlings and replant within 5 days after planting, and keep the soil moist to improve the survival rate of potato seedlings. After planting, intertill once every 10-15 days to loosen the soil, increase temperature, eliminate weeds, and promote rapid plant growth to facilitate root formation.

Management of root tuber expansion stage: the key point is to apply quality-enhancing fertilizer skillfully. About 60 days after planting, during this period, the stems and leaves grow long and the tubers expand rapidly, and the underground tubers expand rapidly. In order to promote the expansion of potato tubers, combined with rainwater or watering, apply cottonseed meal or sunflower meal, 3cm away from potato seedlings, about 0.1 per plant. kg, the general dosage per mu is 400-450 kg. It is usually applied in furrows or in holes.

Prevent steep growth: For steep seedlings with long stems and leaves, dark green leaves, too long petioles, too many hairy roots and wood roots, lift the vines. The method is to gently lift the vines and put them back to the original place. Combining measures such as cultivating and beating vine tips, reduce field humidity, improve ventilation conditions, inhibit the growth of stems and leaves, and promote root tuber expansion. Photosynthetic efficiency affects nutrient operation and accumulation and often results in reduced yield.

Crop rotation: crop rotation is the key technology for high-yield cultivation in old potato areas. It has been proved that crop rotation between sweet potato plots that have been planted for more than 3 years and wheat, corn, cotton, millet, etc. can effectively prevent various diseases.

Detailed ways

Example 1

1. Selection of fine varieties and breeding of seedlings

1. Choose varieties with good taste and high yield, and promote Jinan red, Xuzhou red, and Yunzi potatoes for fresh potatoes.

2. Generally adopt seedling breeding. When raising potato seedlings, it is advisable to choose potato pieces of moderate size (200-300 grams for a single potato), neat and uniform, free of pests, wounds, and chilling damage. The average amount of seed used per acre of seedlings is about 10-25 kg, and the seeding period is controlled at about 100 days before planting. When the length of the seedlings grown from the potato seeds reaches 25-30 cm, the seedlings are trained, and the seedlings are trained for 3-5 days, and the seedlings are picked and planted in time.

2. Select land for ridging and fertilization

1. Sweet potatoes are drought-tolerant, warm-loving, and afraid of waterlogging. The active soil layer must be thick, and ridge cultivation will meet these requirements. The characteristics of ridge cultivation: first, the soil structure is loose, and the active soil layer is increased, which is beneficial to increase the ground temperature and promote early seedling emergence; second, after ridge formation, the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides of the day and night is large, which is conducive to the expansion of potato pieces, more tubers, and large tubers; It is conducive to drainage, and can be irrigated in time when there is a drought. Ridging method: single ridge bottom width 33 cm, height 33 cm, ridge spacing 70 cm; double ridge bottom width 60 cm, height 33 cm, ridge spacing 60 cm. Ridging before winter or in spring.

2. Grasp the fertilization principle of "mainly farm manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, mainly base fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing". When preparing the soil, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and apply 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer per mu.

3. Planting

1. Select the top strong seedlings for planting. The strong seedlings at the top have thick stems, large leaves and heavy seedlings, strong growth, top advantages, well-developed vegetative organs, strong resistance to stress, fast greening after planting, early rooting, swelling, and high yield. Tests have shown that the use of top-strong seedlings for planting generally increases yield by 10% compared to cutting seedlings in hotbeds or using other hybrid seedlings. The top strong seedlings with a length of 20-25 cm generally have 7-8 leaves, and about 3-4 leaves are left on the ground when planting, and the remaining 4-5 leaves are inserted into the soil. In order to prevent the leaves from drying out after planting, water enough seedling water when planting.

2. Plastic film covering. Film mulching can increase temperature, preserve moisture, accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, improve the physical structure of the soil, and optimize the growth environment of sweet potatoes. After mulching, it can achieve a significant increase in production, generally increasing production by more than 20%. Covering method: Single ridges are covered with 40 cm wide plastic film, and double ridges are covered with 80 cm wide plastic film. First cover the film and then plant. After planting, the roots will grow quickly and the survival rate is high.

3. Reasonable dense planting. Ridge planting can thicken the soil layer, increase the area of the soil receiving light, increase the temperature difference between day and night, expand the scope of root activity, and facilitate the absorption of the root system, the accumulation and operation of assimilated substances, and the rapid expansion of roots to increase production. Generally, the ridge height is 30cm, and each ridge is planted in one row. About 4,000 potato plants are planted per mu in summer and autumn. The potato seedlings are inserted into the soil 3-5cm, with 3 nodes, and the soil should be compacted to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

4. Field management

1. Seedling stage management: the key point is to check the seedlings to fill in the gaps and preserve the seedlings. Generally, check the seedlings and replant within 5 days after planting, and keep the soil moist to improve the survival rate of potato seedlings. After planting, intertill once every 10-15 days to loosen the soil, increase temperature, eliminate weeds, and promote rapid plant growth to facilitate root formation.

2. Management of root tuber expansion stage: the key point is to apply quality-enhancing fertilizer skillfully. Plant for about 60 days. During this period, the stems and leaves grow and the tubers expand rapidly, and the underground tubers expand rapidly. In order to promote the expansion of potato tubers, combined with rainwater or watering, apply cottonseed meal or sunflower meal, 3cm away from potato seedlings, and each plant is about 0.1 kg, the general dosage per mu is 400-450 kg. It is usually applied in furrows or in holes.

3. Avoid steep growth. For the steep and long seedlings with long stems and leaves, dark green leaves, too long petioles, too many hairy roots and wood roots, the vines should be lifted. The method is to gently lift the vines and put them back to the original place. Take measures such as vine tips, reduce field humidity, improve ventilation conditions, inhibit the growth of stems and leaves, and promote root tuber expansion. Nutrient transport and accumulation often lead to yield reduction.

5. Timely harvest

The sweet potato is harvested at the right time. Generally, the planing starts when the temperature drops to 15°C. When the temperature is above 10°C or the ground temperature is above 12°C, the planing will be completed before the frost, and the planing will be completed before and after the cold dew. When collecting and digging, try to avoid digging and injuring the potato pieces.

The above cultivation method adopts crop rotation and inverting stubble. Crop rotation and stubble rotation is a key technology for high-yield cultivation in old potato areas. Practice has proved that crop rotation with wheat, corn, cotton, millet, etc., where sweet potatoes have been planted for more than 3 years, can effectively prevent various diseases from occurring.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can modify or improve the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by persons with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a high-yield harmless cultivation method for sweet potato, characterized in that it is carried out according to the following steps: 1) Select good varieties and raise seedlings Choose varieties with good taste and high yield, and use seedlings for propagation; when raising potato seedlings, choose 200-300 grams, neat and uniform, no pests, no wounds, and no cold damage as seeds. The average amount of seedlings per mu is 10- 25 kg, the seeding period is controlled at about 100 days before planting, when the length of the potato seedlings grows to 25-30 cm, the seedlings are trained, and the seedlings are trained for 3-5 days, and the seedlings are picked and planted in time; 2) Select land for ridging and fertilization The ridge cultivation method is adopted, and the ridge method is: single ridge bottom width 33cm, height 33cm, ridge spacing 70cm; double ridge bottom width 60cm, height 33cm, ridge spacing 60cm, ridges before winter or spring; apply decomposed farmyard manure 3000 per mu kg, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer; 3) planting Select the top strong seedlings for planting, choose the top strong seedlings with a length of 20-25 cm and 7-8 leaves, leave about 3-4 leaves on the ground when planting, and insert the remaining 4-5 leaves into the soil. After planting, the leaves are dry, and when planting, pour enough seedling water; Cover with plastic film, single ridge is covered with 40cm wide plastic film, double ridge is covered with 80cm wide plastic film, first cover the film and then plant; Planting density: Ridge height 30cm, one row per ridge, about 4,000 potato plants per mu in summer and autumn, oblique or flat insertion, potato seedlings 3-5cm into the soil, 3 nodes; 4) Field management Seedling stage management: check the seedlings and replant within 5 days after planting, and keep the soil moist; cultivate once every 10-15 days after planting; Management of tuber root expansion stage: planting for about 50-65 days, combined with rain or watering, apply cottonseed meal or sunflower meal, 3cm away from potato seedlings, 0.1-0.5 kg per plant; Prevent steep growth: gently lift the vines and put them back in place. At the same time, combined with intertillage, vine tipping, reducing field humidity, improving ventilation conditions, inhibiting the growth of stems and leaves, and promoting tuber root expansion; 5) Timely harvest The harvest of sweet potatoes is suitable. When the temperature drops to 15°C, planing begins. When the temperature is above 10°C or the ground temperature is above 12°C, the planing will be completed before the frost, and the planing will be completed before and after the cold dew. 2. A high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: furrow application or hole application is used for the management of the tuber swelling stage. 3. A kind of sweet potato high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: above-mentioned sweet potato cultivation method adopts crop rotation.