CN1085159C - 液压供应系统 - Google Patents

液压供应系统 Download PDF

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CN1085159C
CN1085159C CN95190781A CN95190781A CN1085159C CN 1085159 C CN1085159 C CN 1085159C CN 95190781 A CN95190781 A CN 95190781A CN 95190781 A CN95190781 A CN 95190781A CN 1085159 C CN1085159 C CN 1085159C
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loop
pump
supply system
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automobile
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CN1134133A (zh
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D·A·哈里斯
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LUCKLIMINTON CO Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2066—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using controlling means acting on the pressure source
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • B62D5/07—Supply of pressurised fluid for steering also supplying other consumers ; control thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2024—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means the throttling means being a multiple-way valve
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2026—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means
    • G05D16/206—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means the plurality of throttling means being arranged for the control of a plurality of diverging pressures from a single pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/20—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of steering systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/02—Clutches
    • B60W2510/0208—Clutch engagement state, e.g. engaged or disengaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2574—Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
    • Y10T137/2605—Pressure responsive
    • Y10T137/264—Electrical control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/265—Plural outflows
    • Y10T137/2663—Pressure responsive
    • Y10T137/2665—With external control for correlating valve [e.g., manual]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
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    • Y10T137/2668—Alternately or successively substituted outflow
    • Y10T137/2693—Pressure responsive
    • Y10T137/2695—Responsive to outlet pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
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    • Y10T137/2668—Alternately or successively substituted outflow
    • Y10T137/2698—Electrical control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7762—Fluid pressure type

Abstract

一种汽车液压供应系统，其中一个液压供应泵(10)通过螺线管驱动的流体控制阀(15)与多个单独的液压运行回路(A，B，C)相连接，每一回路实现汽车的不同的功能。设置有检测器(25，26，27，30至35)，用来检测每个回路的当前运行状态和液压供应状态，并设置有一个电控装置(28)，该装置接收来自各检测器的信号，并使控制阀动作，以把可用的泵流导向适当的回路，使每个回路至少保持在一实现有关的功能所需要的最低的压力值。

Description

液压供应系统
本发明涉及液压供应系统，具体地说，涉及用来供应液压使汽车实现各种功能，比如转向、刹车、主动悬挂装置，以及离合器的动作的系统。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于汽车的改进型式的液压供应系统，它避免了对复杂的流动优先次序控制阀和可变的输送泵的需求。
因此，按照本发明提供一种汽车液压供应系统，它包括通过螺线管驱动的流体控制阀装置与多个单独的液压控制回路连接的一个液压供应泵，每一液压控制回路控制汽车的不同的功能，其还包括用来检测每个回路的当前运行状态和液压供应状态的装置，以及电控装置，该电控装置接收来自检测装置的信号，并使控制阀装置动作，以把可用的泵流导向适当的回路，使每个回路至少保持在一实现有关的功能所需要的最低的压力值。
如果回路控制诸如离合器的拉紧，脱开接合和再接合这样的功能(例如，在本申请人的以前的欧洲专利第0,038,113号，第0,043,660号，第0,059,035号和欧洲专利申请第0,566,595号中所描述的半自动型变速装置中)时，电控装置可以接收表示汽车运行参数的其它输入信号，比如引擎速度，行驶速度，所选择的变速齿轮和离合器的接合位置。
该供应系统最好被设置成使在每个回路中的压力值保持在所述最低压力值与表示完全充满状态的一个预先确定的最高压力值之间。
在一种优选的设置中，泵由一个电动机来驱动，并且当回路被完全充满时，泵被关断，以便节约电和动力。
现在将参考着附图仅只以实例的方式描述本发明的一个实施例，在附图中：
图1为按照本发明的一种汽车液压供应系统的示意图；以及
图2-5为表示对于图1所示的系统的各种回路供应状态的阀的柱塞位置的示意图。
参见图1，一汽车液压供应系统包括一个液压泵10，它由一汽车电池12供电的一个电动机11来驱动。电动机11的运行由连接在电动机11与电池12之间的一个继电器13来控制。
泵10把液压流体由储存室14中抽出，并通过一个螺线管控制的流体流动控制阀15把流体输送到多个液压回路中。在所描述的实例中，三个液压回路A，B和C经过阀15从泵10接受流体，并且还设有一条返回路线R，它把不需要的流体送回到储存室14中。
每个液压回路A，B和C都分别包括一个储能器16，17和18，并分别包括一个液压负载，在回路A的情况下该负载为一个动力转向驱动器(由方框19表示)，在回路B的情况下该负载为一个刹车系统(由方框20表示)，在回路C的情况下该负载为一个离合器控制系统(由方框21表示)。每个液压回路都分别经过一个止回阀22，23和24与泵相连接，并且也都分别包括一个液压传感器25，26和27。
由一电子微处理器控制装置28控制流体由泵10通过阀15向回路A，B和C的分配，该电子微处理器控制装置通过螺线管15a及有关的线路29使阀15动作。继电器13和压力传感器25，26和27与控制装置28相连接。取决于在汽车中回路A，B和C要控制哪一种功能，控制装置28也接受另外的汽车运行输入信号，在图1中这些信号由箭头30，31，32，33，34和35表示。在所述的实例中，回路C控制离合器由休止位置拉紧和使离合器脱开接合以及使离合器在回到休止位置时重新接合，并在齿轮变速比改变的过程中提供例如在本申请人在前面所引证的欧洲专利和申请中所描述的那种类型的半自动变速。
然而，应该认识到，汽车可以采用全自动变速布置，在这样的装置中不仅离合器的拉紧，离合器的接合和脱开被控制，而且齿轮传动比的实际改变也被控制。另外，本发明也可以应用于离合器完全由手动操作的汽车，而回路C控制汽车的某种另外的功能，比如在装有主动悬挂装置或自取水平的悬挂装置的汽车中的汽车悬挂装置。
尽管示出的是三个回路，这里的原理同样可以用于更多的回路。
当在上述的半自动型的变速装置中使用本发明时，箭头30，31，32和33被分别用来感应引擎速度，行驶速度，当前所选择的变速齿轮和离合器的接合位置。箭头34和35则表示对转向角度和刹车压力或踩刹车的程度的感应。这样，电子控制装置28接收来自压力传感器25至27的表明每个回路A，B和C的运行状态和每个回路的液压供应状态的信号。
图2到5示意性地示出把泵流分配给回路A，B和C的阀15的柱塞位置。采用已知的脉冲宽度调制技术控制柱塞的位置，在这种调制技术中由控制装置28通过线路29把脉冲送给螺线管15a。如可以由图2到5中所看到的那样，螺线管15a使阀15的柱塞36克服回复弹簧37的作用力移动，以产生所需要的柱塞位移和随之形成的液流分配。如将要看到的那样，为了使阀的柱塞产生较大的位移，螺线管需要较大的平均电流，当采用固定频率的脉冲宽度调制时，通过增加调制的占空因数的办法可以作到这一点。
参见图2，此图示出螺线管处于＂关断＂状态的柱塞36，在此状态下泵10通过环形柱塞腔室38与返回线路R连通，而回路A，B和C由于它们各自的止回阀22，23和24则与泵10隔绝。这就是所谓的＂无负载＂状态，在此状态下，在泵10上的负载相当低。把控制装置28设置成在系统启动时自动取这一状态，以避免功率有较大的损失，特别是在低温条件下，否则，在这样的条件下把冷的黏稠液体泵入回路A，B和C中会产生很大的泵启动负载。图2的状态也是当把所有的回路都被完全充满时的状态，从而使泵的负载，在重新启动的状态时再次变得最小。
在图3中，柱塞36被由图2的位置向右移动，从而中心柱塞挡圈39把通向回路B和C的液流切断，并且端部挡圈40把通向返回路线R的液流切断。在这种状态下，所有泵流通向液压回路A，在所描述的实例中，这一回路为转向回路，它是第一优先回路。
在图4的状态下，端部挡圈40继续把返回路线R切断，而中心挡圈39把回路B切断，但却容许经过柱塞腔室41与回路C连通。这样，在图4的状态下，把来自泵10的液流供应到回路A和C。
在图5的状态下，端部挡圈40把返回路线R切断，中心挡圈39把回路C切断，从而使回路A和B接受来自泵10的液流。
在控制装置28的内部记忆元件中储存着执行与每个回路A，B和C(例如转向，刹车和离合器)有关的功能所需要的最低压力值，且也储存着认为每个回路已经被完全充满的最高压力值。把此液压供应系统设置成确保每个回路都被至少维持在其最低压力值上，从而确保该回路能继续使其有关的功能充分得到执行。控制装置28的记忆元件中也储存着对三个回路A，B和C所设定的优先次序，这一优先次序可以依照每个回路的当前使用状态来改变。
如上所述，控制装置28接收表示由每个液压回路A，B和C所控制的功能的运行状态的输入信号30至35。这样，例如，输入信号30至33表示离合器控制系统21的运行状态，而输入信号34表示转向系统的运行状态(即，它是处于完全锁定的状态从而处于一种高负载状态，还是处于向前直通的低负载状态)，而传感器35表示是否在踩刹车，这是通过采用一贴近开关的表示刹车压力或刹车踏板的移动来实现的。
这样，系统利用输入信号30至35把来自泵10的可用的液流按照其当前的需要分配给每个回路A，B和C。例如，如果汽车正在道路上转弯，这时所有三个回路A，B和C都可能在运行，当每个回路实际上需要液流时控制装置28将对该回路供应液流，并将对每个回路供应足够的液流，以便保持实现其有关的功能所需的最低压力。
如果来自所有回路的整个系统的要求达到一个预先确定的危险值，在该值下，泵会出现不能在每个回路中保持其最低压力的危险，可以把该系统设置成使一个警告装置，比如一个蜂鸣器和/或一个警告灯启动。在这样的状态下，可以由系统规定一个预先确定的回路供应的紧急优先次序，而该优先次序可以依照着回路的当前实际运行状态。
这样，靠对泵的输出的分配作这样的控制，可以使用一个泵10确保所有三个回路A，B和C连续运行，该泵的输送能力不足以同时把所有三个回路充满到它们预先确定的最高压力值。这使得可以采用一个较小从而较经济的泵。
把该系统设计成通过以对于汽车的当前运行状态适当的次序逐渐地把液流输送给每个回路，使每个回路A，B和C中的压力水平达到其最大压力值，从而使得每个回路中的压力值逐渐地提高到其预先确定的最大值。当在所有回路中达到最高的压力状态时，阀的柱塞被置于图2的位置，以使泵输送的流体经过管线R返回到储存室14中，并且由继电器13把马达11关断，以便节约电流，从而节约动力的消耗。如上所述，图3，4和5示出其它的回路供应状态，这些供应状态由控制装置28来控制，适当地维持着最低的回路压力，并逐渐地提高每个回路的压力值。
控制装置28的控制原则可以包括“泵连接时间概念”，此概念是基于这样一个假设，即如果把泵的全部输出输给任何一个给定的回路，泵流可以在4秒钟内把该回路完全充满，所以如果泵试图要满足所有三个回路的要求，可以把由阀15所实现的对回路间歇地充满来限制使泵与每个回路连接1秒钟。
也应该认识到，虽然上面所述的是一个螺线管驱动的线性控制阀15，但是系统也可以同样好地采用一个螺线管驱动的旋转阀，该阀有围绕着阀沿径向设置的端口。

Claims (9)

1.一种汽车液压供应系统，其特征在于：它包括通过螺线管驱动的流体控制阀装置与多个单独的液压运行回路连接的一个液压供应泵，每一回路实现汽车的不同的功能；其还包括用来检测每个回路的当前运行状态和液压供应状态的装置，以及电控装置，其特征在于，所述电控装置还接受表示有关的汽车的运行参数的输入信号，并使控制阀装置动作，以把可用的泵流导向适当的回路，使每个回路至少保持在一个实现有关的功能所需要的最低的压力值。
2.按照权利要求1所述的供应系统，其特征在于：在每个回路中的压力值被保持在所述最低压力值与表示完全充满状态的一个预先确定的最高压力值之间。
3.按照权利要求2所述的供应系统，其特征在于：泵由一个电动机来驱动，并且当回路被完全充满时把泵关断，以便节约电流和动力。
4.按照权利要求1所述的供应系统，其特征在于：电控装置也按照所记忆的指定的回路优先次序把液流分配给回路，该优先次序可以依照每个回路的当前运行状态来改变。
5.按照权利要求1所述的供应系统，其特征在于：如果整个系统的要求达到一个预先确定的危险值，在该值下，泵处于不能在每个回路中保持其最低压力的危险中，就将启动一个警告装置。
6.按照权利要求5所述的供应系统，其特征在于：当达到该预先确定的要求的危险值，并且规定了回路供应的紧急优先次序时，该优先次序可以依照着每个回路的当前运行状态。
7.按照权利要求1所述的供应系统，其特征在于：在“泵连接时间概念”的基础上规定流向回路的流量，在该概念中，在高要求的各期间内，使需要液流重新充满的每个给定的回路只与泵连接一定时间，此时间为由该泵把该给定的回路完全充满所需要的时间的一个预先确定的比例。
8.按照权利要求1所述的供应系统，其特征在于：控制阀装置为一个螺线管驱动的线性控制阀。
9.按照权利要求1所述的供应系统，其特征在于：控制阀装置为一个螺线管驱动的旋转阀，该阀有围绕着阀沿径向设置的端口。
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GB9416836D0 (en) 1994-10-12
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GB9606446D0 (en) 1996-06-05

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