CN108496613B - Method for controlling elongation of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum - Google Patents
Method for controlling elongation of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling the elongation of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum, which is characterized in that before axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are not completely elongated, the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light in an illumination environment is adjusted to be 0.05-0.80: 1, and keeping the ratio until the cut flower is opened initially. The invention adjusts the light-quality proportion by a physical method, changes the synthesis and signal transduction of main hormones for regulating and controlling branches in chrysanthemum plants, changes the gene expression related to controlling the lateral branch elongation, particularly changes the expression of a key integration factor DgBRC1 for controlling the lateral branch dormancy and elongation, and finally influences the lateral branch elongation of chrysanthemum. The invention effectively solves the outstanding problem that the cut chrysanthemum requires manual continuous bud picking because of excessive and overlong lateral branches in the production process, greatly saves labor cost, and has simple and easy operation method, strong practicability and easy popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of culture of cut chrysanthemum, in particular to a physical method for controlling the elongation of lateral branches of the cut chrysanthemum by adjusting light quality.
Background
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium) is one of ten traditional famous flowers in China and four cut flowers in the world, and the Chrysanthemum becomes a wonder in modern flower breeding due to abundant variation types and plays an important role in flower production (Teixeri da Silva et al, 2013). The cut chrysanthemum is one of main cut flowers and dominant export flowers in China, however, the side buds of the single-head cut chrysanthemum variety mainly planted at present are serious, and the efficient production of the cut chrysanthemum is restricted. For example, the lateral buds of the 'miraculous horse' of the single-head cut chrysanthemum variety planted mainly can germinate to form lateral branches under the normal growth condition, the single-head cut chrysanthemum with only the main bud of the top bud can be obtained by controlling the lateral buds to extend to form the lateral branches, and the problem is solved by continuously removing the lateral branches during the whole growth and development period by manpower in production, so that the production cost is greatly increased on one hand, and on the other hand, the cut flower quality can be influenced if the lateral buds of the lateral buds are not removed in time. The lateral branch removing cost of the main cultivated species 'miraculus jalapa' accounts for more than 1/3 of the production cost, and the cost is increased year by year along with the increase of labor cost, and how to control the lateral branch elongation of the cut chrysanthemum with low cost becomes the key for the efficient production of the cut chrysanthemum. Therefore, the development of effective branch regulation technology for cut chrysanthemum is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the elongation of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum, which is characterized in that before axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are not completely elongated, the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light in an illumination environment is adjusted to be 0.05-0.80: 1, and keeping the ratio until the cut chrysanthemum is opened initially.
The invention finds that the adjusting time of illumination and the proportion of far-red light are two important factors influencing the lateral branch elongation. When the axillary buds are in a dormant state or part of the axillary buds grow and extend, the effect of supplementing far-red light to reduce the proportion of red light is remarkable. After the axillary buds are fully extended, the effect is not achieved even if a large amount of far-red light is supplemented. And the higher the proportion of far-red light is, the better the effect of inhibiting the germination and elongation of the axillary buds is.
Preferably, the ratio of the optical density of red light to the optical density of far-red light in the illumination environment is adjusted to be 0.08-0.50: 1.
preferably, the ratio of the optical density of the red light to the far-red light in the illumination environment is adjusted before the axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are in the dormant state and do not germinate.
Preferably, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of: adjusting the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light in an illumination environment to be 0.08-0.50 when axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are still in a dormant state and do not germinate: 1, and keeping the ratio until the cut chrysanthemum is opened initially.
Preferably, the species of the cut chrysanthemum is "magic horse".
Aiming at cutting chrysanthemum with a miracle horse, the method comprises the following steps:
1) cutting slips of cut chrysanthemum into a rooting substrate to be cultured until the cuttings are rooted, planting the rooted cutting seedlings in a culture device, and setting the illumination density to be 160-200 mu mol m-2s-1Carrying out 16-hour day illumination and 8-hour night dark culture under the conditions that the day temperature is 22-26 ℃ and the night temperature is 16-20 ℃;
2) adjusting the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light to be 0.05-0.80: 1 before the axillary buds start to extend, keeping other culture conditions unchanged, adjusting the photoperiod to be 8h of light in the daytime and 16h of darkness at night after the axillary buds grow, and keeping the treatment conditions until the axillary buds bloom.
Preferably, in the step 2), the optical density ratio of the red light to the far-red light is adjusted to be 0.08-0.50: 1.
Preferably, in the step 2), the ratio of the red light to the far-red light is adjusted after the field planting culture until the axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are still in a dormant state and do not germinate.
Preferably, for "Mare" cut-flower chrysanthemum, the ratio of red light to far-red light is adjusted, typically starting one week after the field planting culture.
Preferably, the rooting method of the cut chrysanthemum cutting slips specifically comprises the following steps:
A. cutting the top shoot of the 'Marasma' stock plant as a cutting, wherein 3-5 unfolded leaves are reserved on the cutting, the length of the cutting is 4-6 cm, and the cut of the cutting is close to the lower end of the joint;
B. and (3) placing the cut slips into 1000 times of liquid of chlorothalonil to soak for 10-15 minutes, dipping in a rooting agent, performing cuttage, wherein a cuttage matrix is a mixture of vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 1:1, spraying water immediately after cuttage, keeping the humidity of a cuttage bed at 85-95% and the temperature of the cuttage bed at more than 18 ℃, and culturing until the cuttage bed roots.
The wavelength of far-red light described in this application is 735nm, and the optical density of far-red light can be increased by adding an LED lamp in the experiment.
For the magic horse, the preferable scheme comprises the following steps:
1) rooting culture:
A. cutting the top shoot of the 'Marasma' stock plant as a cutting, wherein 3-5 unfolded leaves are reserved on the cutting, the length of the cutting is 4-6 cm, and the cut of the cutting is close to the lower end of the joint;
B. placing the cut slips into 1000 times of chlorothalonil water for soaking and absorbing water for 10-15 minutes, dipping in a rooting agent, performing cuttage, wherein a cuttage matrix is a mixture of vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 1:1, spraying water immediately after cuttage, keeping the humidity of a cuttage bed at 85-95% and the temperature of the cuttage bed at more than 18 ℃, and culturing until the cuttings take roots;
2) planting and culturing:
planting the rooted cutting seedlings in a culture device with the illumination density of 160-200 mu mol-2s-1Carrying out 16-hour day illumination and 8-hour night dark culture under the conditions that the day temperature is 22-26 ℃ and the night temperature is 16-20 ℃;
3) far-red light treatment
And (3) performing field planting culture until axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are still in a dormant state and do not germinate, adjusting the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light to be 0.08-0.50: 1, keeping other culture conditions unchanged, culturing until reproductive growth is performed, adjusting the photoperiod to be 8h of light and 16h of darkness, and keeping the treatment conditions until the chrysanthemum blooms.
The method of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the chrysanthemum senses that the proportion of red light and far-red light is reduced, main hormone synthesis, transportation and signal transduction related genes for regulating and controlling branches in the plant body and gene expression related to collateral elongation are changed, so that the hormone content and distribution are changed, the chrysanthemum is prompted to generate shading response, particularly the expression of a key transcription factor DgBRC1 for controlling the dormancy of axillary buds at axillary parts of chrysanthemum leaves is remarkably increased, the germination and elongation of the axillary buds are inhibited, the number of the branches is finally reduced, the collateral length is shortened, and the purpose of controlling the collateral elongation is achieved.
The method provided by the invention can effectively shorten and reduce the number and length of the lateral branches of the cut chrysanthemum, greatly reduce the frequency and strength of manually removing the lateral branches in the production of the cut chrysanthemum, and reduce the production cost of the cut chrysanthemum. The invention has the advantages that a physical method is adopted, the LED lamp is only used for supplementing far-red light in a normal growth environment, the environment is protected, the pollution is avoided, the operation is simple and convenient, and the large-scale use by a producer is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1A shows the production of the whole plant before defoliation in comparative example 1;
FIG. 1B shows the growth of the whole plant before defoliation in example 2;
FIG. 1C shows the growth of the whole plant before defoliation in example 1;
FIG. 1D shows the elongation of axillary buds of plants from comparative example 1 after defoliation;
FIG. 1E shows the elongation of axillary buds of the plants of example 2 after defoliation;
FIG. 1F shows the elongation of axillary buds of the plants of example 1 after defoliation.
FIG. 2 shows the expression of the gene DgBRC1 in axillary buds of 8h chrysanthemum treated with far-red light.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The cut chrysanthemum variety used in the examples was 'miracle horse'.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a method for controlling the growth of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum by regulating the ratio of red light to far-red light, which comprises the following steps:
1) rooting culture
A. Cutting the top tip of the 'shenma' stock plant as a cutting shoot, keeping 3-5 unfolded leaves of the cutting shoot, wherein the length is 4-6 cm, and the cutting opening is close to the lower end of the node.
B. And (3) placing the cut cutting slips into 1000 times of liquid of chlorothalonil, soaking for 10-15 minutes, dipping in a rooting agent for treatment, carrying out cutting, wherein a cutting matrix is formed by mixing vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 1:1, spraying water immediately after cutting, keeping the humidity of a cutting bed to be about 90%, and the temperature of the cutting bed to be above 18 ℃, and rooting after 15 days.
2) Planting culture
Transferring the rooted 'shenma' seedlings into a nutrition cup/flowerpot of 12cm multiplied by 12cm for field planting; the well planted cutting seedlings are planted in the field with the illumination density of 180 mu mol m-2s-1At nightCulturing at 18 deg.C under the conditions of day temperature of 24 deg.C under 16h day light and 8h night dark conditions;
3) far-red light treatment
After one week of planting culture, the axillary buds are still in a dormant state but do not germinate and extend, 50 plants are transplanted into a culture environment of a supplementary far-infrared lamp tube, the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light is adjusted to be 0.08:1, other culture conditions are unchanged, and the culture is continued. Culturing until reproductive growth, adjusting photoperiod to 8h light and 16h dark, continuing the above treatment until flowering, and pouring slow release fertilizer once per week during culturing.
And counting the data after one month of growth, the axillary buds are greatly inhibited from sprouting and extending, only the axillary buds at extremely individual leaf axillary positions sprout and extend, most axillary buds at the leaf axillary positions do not sprout, and the length of the lateral branches is only 32.9 percent of that of the lateral branches of the plants in the comparative example 1. (FIG. 1C and FIG. 1F)
FIG. 2 shows the expression of the DgBRC1 gene. The DgBRC1 gene is specifically expressed in chrysanthemum axillary buds and can integrate hormone and environmental stimulation signals to inhibit the elongation of the axillary buds. W + FR is the supplemental far-red treatment and W is the control. After 8h of treatment by supplementing far-red light, the expression of the DgBRC1 gene in the axillary buds of the chrysanthemum is obviously increased, which indicates that the axillary bud elongation is inhibited.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a method for controlling the growth of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum by regulating the ratio of red light to far-red light, and compared with the embodiment 1, the difference is that in the step 3), the ratio of red light to far-red light is regulated to be 0.50: 1.
one month after growth, the axillary bud germination and elongation were inhibited, and the number of axillary buds germinated was 48.8% of comparative example 1 and the length was 59.2% of comparative example 1 (see fig. 1B and fig. 1E).
Example 3
This example relates to a method for controlling the growth of lateral branches of cut chrysanthemum by regulating the ratio of red light to far-red light, and compared with example 1, the difference is that when part of axillary buds of the 'miracle horse' cultured in the step 3) begin to germinate and extend (at the moment, the 'miracle horse' grows to about 45cm), the optical density ratio of the red light to the far-red light is regulated to be 0.08: 1.
Statistically processing the data after two weeks, the growth of axillary buds of chrysanthemum is inhibited, and the length of the axillary buds is obviously lower than that of the plants grown in the control environment and is only 58.5 percent of that of the plants grown in the comparative example 1.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 1, the difference is that the culture condition of the step 1) is maintained until flowering without changing the proportion of far-red light, and the specific operation is as follows:
1) rooting culture
A. Cutting the top tip of the 'shenma' stock plant as a cutting shoot, keeping 3-5 unfolded leaves of the cutting shoot, wherein the length is 4-6 cm, and the cutting opening is close to the lower end of the node.
B. And (3) placing the cut cutting slips into 1000 times of liquid of chlorothalonil, soaking for 10-15 minutes, dipping in a rooting agent for treatment, carrying out cutting, wherein a cutting matrix is formed by mixing vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 1:1, spraying water immediately after cutting, keeping the humidity of a cutting bed to be about 90%, and the temperature of the cutting bed to be above 18 ℃, and rooting after 15 days.
2) Planting culture
Transferring the rooted 'shenma' seedlings into a nutrition cup/flowerpot of 12cm multiplied by 12cm for field planting; the well planted cutting seedlings are planted in the field with the illumination density of 180 mu mol m-2s-1Culturing under 16h day light and 8h night dark conditions at night temperature of 18 ℃ and day temperature of 24 ℃.
3) And 2 months later, the reproductive growth is started, the photoperiod is adjusted to be 8 h-light/16 h-dark, other culture conditions are unchanged, and the flowering is realized after the cultivation.
Under these conditions, a large number of axillary buds normally germinate and elongate, and a large number of lateral branches grow, affecting the final effect (see fig. 1A and 1D).
Comparative example 2
The difference compared to example 3 is that the ratio of the optical density of red and far-red light was adjusted to 0.08:1 after all axillary buds started to elongate.
And counting the data after processing for two weeks, wherein the lengths of the axillary buds of the chrysanthemum growing in the environment of supplementing far-red light treatment are almost the same as the lengths of the axillary buds of the chrysanthemum growing in the environment of supplementing far-red light treatment, which shows that the effect of supplementing far-red light treatment after the axillary buds start to germinate and elongate is almost not good, so that the treatment period of supplementing far-red light is not too late in actual operation.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. The method for controlling the lateral branch elongation of the cut chrysanthemum is characterized in that before axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are not completely elongated, the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light in an illumination environment is adjusted to be 0.05-0.80: 1, and keeping the proportion until the cut chrysanthemum is opened initially;
the type of the cut chrysanthemum is 'magic horse';
the method comprises the following steps:
1) cutting slips of cut chrysanthemum into a rooting substrate to be cultured until the cuttings are rooted, planting the rooted cutting seedlings in a culture device, and setting the illumination density to be 160-200 mu mol m-2s-1Carrying out 16-hour day illumination and 8-hour night dark culture under the conditions that the day temperature is 22-26 ℃ and the night temperature is 16-20 ℃;
2) before axillary buds are not all elongated, adjusting the optical density ratio of red light to far-red light to be 0.05-0.80: 1, keeping other culture conditions unchanged, culturing until reproductive growth is started, then adjusting the photoperiod to be 8h of light in the daytime and 16h of darkness at night, and keeping the treatment conditions until blooming.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the ratio of red light to far-red light is adjusted after the field planting culture until the axillary buds of the cut chrysanthemum are still in a dormant state and do not germinate.
3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the rooting method of the cut chrysanthemum cutting specifically comprises: A. cutting the top shoot of the 'Marasma' stock plant as a cutting, wherein 3-5 unfolded leaves are reserved on the cutting, the length of the cutting is 4-6 cm, and the cut of the cutting is close to the lower end of the joint;
B. and (3) placing the cut slips into 1000 times of liquid of chlorothalonil to soak for 10-15 minutes, dipping in a rooting agent, performing cuttage, wherein a cuttage matrix is a mixture of vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 1:1, spraying water immediately after cuttage, keeping the humidity of a cuttage bed at 85-95% and the temperature of the cuttage bed at more than 18 ℃, and culturing until the cuttage bed roots.
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