JP2012157331A - Method and device for controlling plant flower bud formation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for controlling plant flower bud formation by performing red light or far red light irradiation for controlling plant flower bud formation with a minimum energy quantity.SOLUTION: This method for controlling the plant flower bud formation includes, when controlling the flower bud formation of a short-day plant, radiating light which has an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak in 600-690 nm wavelengths, a half value width of <200 nm, and a strength in 400-600 nm wavelengths of <10% of a strength in a maximum emission peak, to the short-day plant by an irradiation strength of 1-50 μau/cmper cultivation area for 1-60 min in total, after 4-8 h pass after the time to radiate light for photosynthesis to the plant ends, in a short-day period when the time to radiate light becomes less than 11 h per day.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for controlling (suppressing or promoting) flower bud formation of a plant, and an apparatus for controlling flower bud formation of a plant.

Plant bud formation involves phytochrome.
Phytochrome is a chromoprotein that has the property of reversibly changing the absorption spectrum when exposed to light. Phytochrome is present in almost all plants.
When red light absorption phytochrome (Pr) having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 664 nm absorbs red light (for example, light having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm), it is converted to far red light absorption phytochrome.
Far-red light (near-infrared light) absorption phytochrome (Pfr) having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 724 nm absorbs red light when absorbing far-red light (for example, light having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm). Converted to type phytochrome.

Far-red light (near-infrared light) absorption phytochrome (Pfr) returns to red-light absorption phytochrome (Pr) in a dark place (no light is irradiated), even without irradiation with far-red light (dark). Invert). Moreover, normal sunlight has relatively higher irradiation intensity of red light than far-red light.
Accordingly, the proportion of far-red light absorbing phytochrome is relatively high during the day or summer, and the proportion of red light absorbing phytochrome is relatively high during the night or winter. Plants are thought to detect seasons based on phytochrome conversion and cause physiological effects such as flower bud formation.

A short-day plant is a plant (eg, rice, soybean, chrysanthemum) that forms flower buds in a short-day period with a short light irradiation time per day. When a short-day plant is irradiated with red light in a short day period, the proportion of far-red light absorbing phytochrome is relatively increased, and flower bud formation can be suppressed even in a short day period. Conversely, when a short-day plant is irradiated with far-red light during a long-day period, the proportion of red light-absorbing phytochrome is relatively increased, and flower bud formation can be promoted even during the long-day period.
A long-day plant is a plant (eg, wheat, spinach) that forms flower buds in a long-day period with a long light irradiation time per day. When a long-day plant is irradiated with far-red light in a long-day period, the proportion of red light-absorbing phytochrome becomes relatively high, and flower bud formation can be suppressed even in the long-day period. On the contrary, when a long-day plant is irradiated with red light in a short day period, the proportion of far-red light absorbing phytochrome is relatively increased, and flower bud formation can be promoted even in a short day period.

Based on the above principle, an apparatus for controlling the flower bud formation of a plant having a lighting device for red light or far red light has been proposed.
Patent document 1 is disclosing the plant cultivation apparatus provided with the three-color fluorescent lamp and the light emitting diode which irradiates the light of a far infrared region light wavelength. In Patent Document 1, growth is promoted by suppressing flower bud formation of long-day plants (spinach) by irradiation of light-emitting diodes.
In addition, although the wavelength of a far-infrared region usually means the range of about 25000 nm-1 mm, patent document 1 (paragraph number 0002) states that the wavelength range of 700-800 nm is meant.
In paragraph No. 0024 of Patent Document 1, after irradiating a fluorescent lamp for 12 hours / day or 15 hours / day, a 730 nm wavelength LED is irradiated for 15 minutes / day or 30 minutes / day.

Patent Document 2 discloses an electric cultivation lamp provided with a semiconductor light emitting unit that emits light having a peak wavelength of 630 to 700 nm. Light having a peak wavelength of 630 to 700 nm is used for the purpose of forming long-day conditions.
In Example 3 (paragraph number 0028) of Patent Document 2, an LED lamp is used together with an incandescent lamp to perform nighttime irradiation for 3 hours (10 pm to 1 am).
Patent Document 3 discloses a light emitting device for promoting flowering of a long-day plant that emits light in which the integrated value of the photon flux of wavelength 700 to wavelength 800 nm is larger than the integrated value of the photon flux of wavelength 600 nm to wavelength 700 nm. .
Patent Document 3 (paragraph number 0023) describes continuous lighting for 2 hours or more from the evening to the morning or blinking lighting for a total lighting time of 2 hours or more for the irradiation time and irradiation time.

Patent document 4 is disclosing the growth method of the plant which irradiates a plant with the light of an organic electroluminescent light emitting sheet. As light of the organic EL light emitting sheet, red light having a peak wavelength of 600 to 700 nm, blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 500 nm, and far red light having a peak wavelength of 700 to 800 nm are disclosed.
In Patent Document 4, there is only a general description (paragraph number 0011) regarding the control of flower bud formation, and there is no description regarding specific implementation conditions.
Patent Document 5 proposes to irradiate far red light at the start of the night (evening) for the purpose of promoting growth.

JP-A-10-178901 JP-A-11-266703 JP 2002-199816 A JP 2004-321074 A JP 2006-67948 A

When a plant is irradiated with red light or far-red light (near infrared light) and the flower bud formation is controlled (suppressed or promoted) by the method described in the prior art, a very large amount of light is emitted from the plant. Need to be irradiated. The light applied to control flower bud formation should be relatively small compared to the light for photosynthesis. However, the irradiation methods described in the prior art consume a large amount of energy.
In addition, red light or far-red light is light that has higher saturation at a specific wavelength than light for photosynthesis (relatively close to white light), so even if a small amount of light is irradiated, The impact on the environment is great.

An object of the present invention is to perform irradiation with red light or far-red light for controlling flower bud formation with a minimum amount of energy.
The object of the present invention is also to provide a method of performing irradiation with red light or far-red light for controlling flower bud formation under optimal conditions.
The objective of this invention is also providing the apparatus for implementing irradiation of the red light or far-red light for controlling the flower bud formation of a plant on optimal conditions.

In the present invention, (A1) 4 to 8 hours have elapsed since the time of irradiating the light in the short day period in which the time for irradiating the light for photosynthesis to the plant is less than 11 hours per day. After that, light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. Provided is a method for suppressing flower bud formation of short-day plants, which comprises irradiating short-day plants for a total of 1 to 60 minutes at an irradiation intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² .
In addition, the present invention provides (A2) 4 to 8 hours from the end of the light irradiation time in a short day period in which the light irradiation time for photosynthesis is less than 11 hours per day. Has a light emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. There is also provided a method for promoting flower bud formation of a long-day plant, which comprises irradiating light on the long-day plant for a total of 1 to 60 minutes at an irradiation intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² of cultivation area. .

Furthermore, the present invention is (B1) 4 to 8 hours after the end of the light irradiation period in a long day period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is 13 hours or more per day. Has a light emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. Provided is a method for promoting the formation of flower buds of a short-day plant, which comprises irradiating the short-day plant with a light intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² per cultivation area for a total of 1 to 60 minutes. .
Furthermore, in the present invention, (B2) in a long day period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is 13 hours or more per day, 4 to 8 after the time for irradiating the light is over. An emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm after a lapse of time, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. A method for suppressing the formation of flower buds of a long-day plant is characterized by irradiating the long-day plant with a light having an irradiation intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² for 1 to 60 minutes in total. To do.

The methods (A1), (A2), (B1) and (B2) can be carried out in the following manner.
(1) Implemented in indoor cultivation of plants.
(2) Implemented in hydroponics of plants.
(3) Irradiate light for photosynthesis from an artificial light source.
(4) The light is irradiated on the plant by moving the light source over the plant.
In addition, this invention is applicable to both the case where natural light (sunlight) is utilized as light for photosynthesis, and the case where the light of an artificial light source is utilized. When natural light is used, the above “time for irradiating light for photosynthesis” means the time from sunrise to sunset.

The present invention (C) has a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm or 700 to 800 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm when the maximum emission peak is a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm. When the maximum emission peak has a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm, light having an emission spectrum in which the intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak is 1 to 50 μau / cm ² There is also a device for controlling the flower bud formation time, which comprises a light source that can irradiate a plant that is cultivated with a per unit irradiation intensity, and a transport mechanism for moving the light source over the cultivated plant. provide.

The above apparatus can be configured as follows.
(1) Light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. A light source capable of irradiating the plant being cultivated at an irradiation intensity per cultivation area of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² , a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm, and a half-value width of less than 200 nm A plant that is cultivated with light having an emission spectrum whose intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak at an irradiation intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² And a light source that can irradiate the light source.
(2) The light source is an organic electroluminescence element.
(3) The transport mechanism can attach a light source to one or two rails provided on one side or both sides of the area where the plant is cultivated, and a position higher than the plant being cultivated. It consists of a vehicle body that runs along the rail.

As a result of research, the inventor of the present application has adjusted the emission energy, irradiation time, irradiation time, and irradiation intensity to optimum conditions for red light or far-red light for controlling flower bud formation in plants. We succeeded in achieving a sufficient control effect while greatly reducing it. Thereby, in addition to the effect of reducing the irradiation energy, the influence of the red light or the far red light on the surrounding environment can be reduced.
The present invention is particularly effective in an artificial cultivation environment (eg, indoor cultivation, hydroponics) and cultivation conditions (eg, use of an artificial light source). That is, in an artificial cultivation environment such as indoor cultivation or hydroponics, it is easy to adjust and control the irradiation time and irradiation time of red light or far red light, and the irradiation time and irradiation time defined by the present invention. According to the optimum conditions. In addition, by using an artificial light source such as an organic electroluminescence element, an optimal emission spectrum and irradiation intensity can be adopted for red light or far red light.

The irradiation time of red light or far red light required by the present invention is shorter than that of the prior art. Therefore, it is not always necessary to place a light source on all the cultivated plants. Therefore, by moving the light source over the plant, it is possible to irradiate the plant with red light or far red light only for the required time.
Specifically, one or two rails are provided on one or both sides of the area where the plant is cultivated, and the vehicle body on which the light source can be attached at a higher position than the cultivated plant is railed by the wheel. The light source can be easily transported by traveling along the line.

It is a spectrum of the far-red light which an organic electroluminescent element light-emits. It is a top view for demonstrating the container used for this invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rack shown in FIG. 2 in the X-X ′ direction. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rack shown in FIG. 2 in the Y-Y ′ direction.

  The method of the present invention includes (A1) a method for suppressing flower bud formation by irradiating a short-day plant with red light, (A2) a method for accelerating flower bud formation by irradiating a long-day plant with red light, and (B1) short. A method of irradiating far-red light to a Japanese plant to promote flower bud formation, and (B2) a method of irradiating a long-day plant with far-red light to suppress flower bud formation.

(A1) A method for suppressing flower bud formation by irradiating short-day plants with red light Short-day plants (eg, rice, soybean, chrysanthemum, morning glory) Form. Therefore, the method for suppressing flower bud formation of short-day plants is meaningful to be carried out in a short-day period. In addition, the short day plant in this invention contains a long and short day plant (plant which does not form a flower bud unless a short day condition is given following a long day condition).
In the present specification, the short day period means a period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is less than 11 hours (preferably less than 10 hours) per day. This definition assumes both natural light (sunlight) and artificial light source light as light for photosynthesis. If limited to the case of using natural light, the short day period means a period in which the time from sunrise to sunset is less than 11 hours per day. In Tokyo, the period from sunrise to sunset is less than 11 hours per day is from late October to mid-February in Tokyo.

In the present invention, short-day plants are irradiated with red light after 4 to 8 hours have elapsed since the time of light irradiation has ended. If it is limited to the case where natural light is used, “the time for irradiating light ends” means the sunset time. The time from the end of the light irradiation time to the red light irradiation is preferably 4 hours 30 minutes to 7 hours 30 minutes, more preferably 5 hours to 7 hours, and more preferably 5 hours 30 minutes to 6 hours 30 minutes. Is most preferred.
In this specification, red light means light having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm. The wavelength of the maximum emission peak is preferably 620 to 680 nm, more preferably 630 to 675 nm, and most preferably 640 to 670 nm. That is, the wavelength is preferably as close as possible to 664 nm which is the absorption maximum wavelength of red light absorption phytochrome (Pr). However, in order to avoid overlapping with the spectrum of far-red light, a maximum emission peak may exist slightly on the short wavelength side.

In the present invention, red light is used for the purpose of exciting red light absorbing phytochrome (Pr). Therefore, it is preferable that the spectrum of red light does not include as much light as possible having a wavelength unrelated to the purpose of use.
Therefore, it is preferable that the spectrum of red light has a maximum emission peak as sharp as possible. Specifically, the full width at half maximum of the maximum emission peak is less than 200 nm. The full width at half maximum is preferably less than 150 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, and most preferably less than 75 nm.
The spectrum of red light preferably has a low toe intensity. In particular, it is preferable that the strength of the foot in the visible region is low. Specifically, the intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. The intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm is preferably less than 8% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak, more preferably less than 6%, and most preferably less than 4%.

The wavelength of red light (maximum emission peak) described above is a standard wavelength of red light (RGB R) in the three primary colors of light. Various types of light sources for red light constituting the three primary colors of light have been developed for color image display devices. Therefore, the red light source in the present invention can be selected from the red light sources of the color image display device.
Considering a preferable spectrum of red light, the light source is preferably an organic electroluminescence element, an inorganic electroluminescence element, a light emitting diode, and a fluorescent lamp. From the viewpoint of low power consumption, an organic electroluminescence element or a light emitting diode is preferable, and an organic electroluminescence element is particularly preferable.

In order to set the light emission color of the organic electroluminescence element to red, as the organic light emitting material, for example, 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6-julolidyl-9-enyl-4H-pyran, or bis (2- (2′-Benzo [4,5-α] thienyl) pyridinato-N, C) iridium (acetyl-acetonato) can be used.
As an example of a structure of an organic electroluminescence element using bis (2- (2′-benzo [4,5-α] thienyl) pyridinato-N, C) iridium (acetyl-acetonato), ITO / NPB (N, N— Di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N-diphenylbenzylidene) 50 nm / CPP (4,4′-bis [9-dicarbazolyl] -2,2′-biphenyl) 7 nm / bis (2- (2′-benzo) [4,5-α] thienyl) pyridinato-N, C) iridium (acetyl-acetonato) 20 nm / BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) 10 nm / Alq3 (Tris (8 -Hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) 65 nm / MgAg (10: 1) 100 nm / Ag 20 nm (maximum emission peak: 660 nm) It is possible.

In the present invention, in order to irradiate red light having a preferable spectrum as described above at a time most effective for short-day plants, flower buds are produced at a low irradiation intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² per cultivation area. The formation of can be suppressed. The irradiation intensity per cultivation area is preferably ² to 20 μau / cm ² , more preferably 3 to 15 μau / cm ² , and most preferably 4 to 10 μau / cm ² .
For the same reason, the formation of flower buds can be suppressed in a short time of 1 to 60 minutes. The irradiation time is preferably 2 to 40 minutes, more preferably 5 to 30 minutes, and most preferably 10 to 20 minutes.

(A2) A method of irradiating a long-day plant with red light to promote flower bud formation A long-day plant (eg, wheat, spinach) forms flower buds in a long-day period with a long light irradiation time per day. Therefore, the method for promoting the flower bud formation of long-day plants is meaningful to be carried out in a short-day period. In addition, the long day plant in this invention contains a short and long day plant (plant which does not form a flower bud unless a long day condition is given following a short day condition).
A specific method of irradiating red light is the same as (A1) a method of suppressing short-day plants by irradiating red light and suppressing flower bud formation.

(B1) A method of accelerating the formation of flower buds by irradiating a short-day plant with far-red light The method of promoting the formation of flower buds of a short-day plant usually means that the short-day plant is implemented in a long day period in which no flower buds are formed is there.
In the present specification, the long day period means a period (preferably 14 hours or more) in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is 13 hours or more per day. This definition assumes both natural light (sunlight) and artificial light source light as light for photosynthesis. If limited to using natural light, the long day period means a period in which the time from sunrise to sunset is 13 hours or more per day. It should be noted that the period in which the time from sunrise to sunset is 13 hours or more per day is mid-April to late August in Tokyo.

In the present invention, long red plants are irradiated with far-red light after 4 to 8 hours have elapsed since the time of light irradiation has ended. If it is limited to the case where natural light is used, “the time for irradiating light ends” means the sunset time. The time from the end of the light irradiation time to the irradiation of the far-red light is preferably 4 hours 30 minutes to 7 hours 30 minutes, more preferably 5 hours to 7 hours, and 5 hours 30 minutes to 6 hours 30. Minutes are most preferred.
In this specification, far-red light means light having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm. The wavelength of the maximum emission peak is preferably 710 to 790 nm, more preferably 715 to 780 nm, and most preferably 720 to 770 nm. That is, the wavelength is preferably as close as possible to 724 nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of far-red light absorption phytochrome (Pfr). However, in order to avoid overlap with the spectrum of red light, a maximum emission peak may exist slightly on the longer wavelength side.

In the present invention, far red light is used for the purpose of exciting far red light absorbing phytochrome (Pfr). Therefore, it is preferable that the spectrum of far-red light does not include light having a wavelength that is unrelated to the purpose of use as much as possible.
Therefore, it is preferable that the spectrum of far-red light has a maximum emission peak as sharp as possible. Specifically, the full width at half maximum of the maximum emission peak is less than 200 nm. The full width at half maximum is preferably less than 150 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, and most preferably less than 75 nm.
Further, the spectrum of far red light preferably has a low toe intensity. It is particularly preferable that the strength of the foot in the visible region including red light is low. Specifically, the intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. The intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is preferably less than 8% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak, more preferably less than 6%, and most preferably less than 4%.

Far-red light is light having a wavelength that is substantially a boundary line between visible light and near-infrared light. Compared to red light, far-red light is not used for many purposes, and there are few types of light sources.
Considering a preferable spectrum of far red light, the light source is preferably an organic electroluminescence element, an inorganic electroluminescence element, a light emitting diode, and a fluorescent lamp. From the viewpoint of low power consumption, an organic electroluminescence element or a light emitting diode is preferable, and an organic electroluminescence element is particularly preferable.

For example, tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin platinum (II) can be used as the organic light-emitting material in order to set the light emission color of the organic electroluminescence element to far red.
As an example of the structure of an organic electroluminescence device using tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin platinum (II), ITO / NPB (N, N-di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N-diphenylbenzylidene): 16% by mass F4TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) 40 nm / Alq3 (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum): 3% by mass PtTPBP (tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin) Platinum (II)) / OXDm (1,3-bis [2- (2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl] benzene): 10% by mass CsF (40 nm) / Al (maximum emission peak: 774 nm) and ITO / NPB (40 nm) / Alq3: 3% PtTP P (20nm) / OXDm: 5 wt% CsF (40nm) / Al (120nm) (maximum emission peak: 765 nm) can be exemplified.

FIG. 1 shows an emission spectrum (when 5 V is applied) of the former ITO / NPB: 16% F4TCNQ (40 nm) / Alq3: 3% PtTPBP / OXDm: 10 CsF (40 nm) / Al.
The maximum emission peak was 774 nm, the maximum emission quantum efficiency was 4% (driving current density <1 mA / cm ² ), and the current density when 5 V was applied was 100 mAcm ² .
Further, the half width of the maximum emission peak was 40 nm, and the intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm was less than 1% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak.

In the present invention, in order to irradiate far red light having a preferable spectrum as described above at a time when it is most effective for short-day plants, at a low irradiation intensity of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² per cultivation area, It can promote the formation of flower buds. The irradiation intensity per cultivation area is preferably ² to 20 μau / cm ² , more preferably 3 to 15 μau / cm ² , and most preferably 4 to 10 μau / cm ² .
For the same reason, the formation of flower buds can be promoted in a short time of 1 to 60 minutes. The irradiation time is preferably 2 to 40 minutes, more preferably 5 to 30 minutes, and most preferably 10 to 20 minutes.

(B2) A method for inhibiting flower bud formation by irradiating a long-day plant with far-red light The method for inhibiting flower bud formation of a long-day plant usually means that the long-day plant is implemented in a long day period in which the flower bud is formed. is there.
The specific irradiation method of far red light is the same as (B1) the method of irradiating a short-day plant with far red light to promote flower bud formation.

(Cultivation method)
The present invention is particularly effective in an artificial cultivation environment (eg, indoor cultivation, hydroponics) and artificial cultivation conditions (eg, use of an artificial light source). It is preferable to employ a combination of indoor cultivation, hydroponics, and an artificial light source.
When implementing all of indoor cultivation, hydroponics, and an artificial light source, the method of cultivating inside a container is especially preferable.

FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining the container used in the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, racks (six locations of 21 to 26 in FIG. 2) are provided inside the container (1). A heat insulating door (31) can be provided at the entrance (3), a passage (4) at the center, and equipment spaces (51, 52) at the back. It is desirable that not only the heat insulating door (31) but also the wall surface (11) of the container is made of a heat insulating material.
By using a heat insulating material to increase the heat insulating property of the container, higher energy efficiency can be realized as compared with normal indoor (house) cultivation. Further, in a container using a heat insulating material, the temperature environment can be easily adjusted.

3 is a cross-sectional view in the XX ′ direction of the rack (21 in FIG. 2) shown in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view in the YY ′ direction of the rack (21 in FIG. 2) shown in FIG.
The racks shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are provided with shelves of 3 rows × 4 stages (2101 to 2112). Each shelf is provided with a light source (7) composed of an organic electroluminescence element.

The 3 rows × 4 shelves are integrated to form one rack. The rack is provided with a total of six wheels (8) with brakes so as to be movable as a whole.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a solar cell (121) is attached to the roof (12) of the container. Wiring (not shown) for supplying electricity supplied from the solar cell to the light source in the container is also provided.

The light source (7) emits light for photosynthesis. In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a red light source or a far-infrared light source separately from the light source for photosynthesis. The light source of red light has an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. It is necessary to be able to irradiate the plant being cultivated with an irradiation intensity per cultivation area of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² . The far-infrared light source has a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. It is necessary to irradiate the plant being cultivated with light having a certain emission spectrum at an irradiation intensity per 1 to 50 μau / cm ² of cultivation area.

It is preferable that both a red light source and a far infrared light source are provided.
A light source of red light or far infrared light is different from a light source for photosynthesis, and a plant may be irradiated for a short time. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a transport mechanism for moving the light source of red light or far-infrared light over the plant being cultivated.
For example, one or two rails provided on one side or both sides of the area where the plant is cultivated, and a light source can be attached to a position higher than the plant being cultivated. It can comprise from the vehicle body which runs along. Moreover, you may employ | adopt the method of suspending and conveying a light source with a wire.
The transport mechanism preferably includes a mechanism for adjusting and maintaining the light source according to the height of the plant. Moreover, it is preferable that the transport mechanism is self-propelled by a battery. The battery is preferably chargeable by a solar cell.
The movement of the light source of red light or far infrared light is preferably controlled by a computer and instructed from the computer by wire or wireless.

  Hydroponics has a problem that it is difficult to manage nutrient solution compared to soil cultivation. In particular, it is important to prevent the generation of bacteria in the nutrient solution. Specifically, it is important to keep the nutrient solution temperature low, to flow the nutrient solution without causing retention, and to manage the quality of the nutrient solution. Cultivation in a container can prevent the generation of bacteria relatively easily because the cultivation environment can be easily adjusted.

[Example 1]
24 kinds of Asteraceae crops (including lettuce) that are short-day plants were cultivated in a short-day period.
6 hours after sunset, red light (light source: HID lithium-filled metal halide) having a maximum emission peak at 660 nm (half-width less than 150 nm, intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm is less than 4% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak) ) For 15 minutes at an irradiation intensity per cultivation area of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² .
Through the above treatment, formation of flower buds could be prevented for all crops.

  According to the method of the present invention, the amount of energy for irradiating red light or far-red light can be suppressed, and the flower bud formation can be controlled without affecting the surrounding environment.

Horizontal axis of chart in Fig. 1 Wavelength (nm)
Vertical axis of the chart of FIG. 1 Strength 1 Container 11 Container wall 12 Container roof 121 Solar cells 21 to 26 Racks 2101 to 2112 Shelf 3 Entrance 31 Thermal insulation door 4 Passage 51, 52 Equipment space 7 Light source 8 Wheel with brake

Claims (12)

600 to 690 nm after 4 to 8 hours have passed since the time for irradiating the light in the short day period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is less than 11 hours per day. 1 to 50 μau / cm of light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of less than 200 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. ^A method for inhibiting the formation of flower buds of short-day plants, comprising irradiating the short-day plants for a total of 1 to 60 minutes at an irradiation intensity per ² cultivation areas. 600 to 690 nm after 4 to 8 hours have passed since the time for irradiating the light in the short day period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is less than 11 hours per day. 1 to 50 μau / cm of light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of less than 200 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. ^A method for promoting the formation of flower buds of a long-day plant, wherein the long-day plant is irradiated for a total of 1 to 60 minutes at an irradiation intensity per ² cultivation areas. 700 to 800 nm after 4 to 8 hours have passed since the time for irradiating the light in the long day period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is 13 hours or more per day. 1 to 50 μau / cm of light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of less than 200 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. ^A method for promoting the formation of flower buds of short-day plants, which comprises irradiating the short-day plants for a total of 1 to 60 minutes at an irradiation intensity per ² cultivation areas. 700 to 800 nm after 4 to 8 hours have passed since the time for irradiating the light in the long day period in which the time for irradiating the plant with light for photosynthesis is 13 hours or more per day. 1 to 50 μau / cm of light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of less than 200 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm being less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. ^A method for inhibiting flower bud formation of a long-day plant, wherein the long-day plant is irradiated for a total of 1 to 60 minutes at an irradiation intensity per ² cultivation areas.   The method as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 implemented in the indoor cultivation of a plant.   The method as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 implemented in the hydroponics of a plant.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein light for photosynthesis is irradiated from an artificial light source.   The method as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 which irradiates said light with respect to a plant by moving a light source on a plant. When the maximum emission peak is at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm or 700 to 800 nm, the half width is less than 200 nm, and the maximum emission peak is a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm, the intensity at the wavelength of 400 to 600 nm and the maximum emission peak are In the case of a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm, light having an emission spectrum in which the intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak, at an irradiation intensity per 1 to 50 μau / cm ² cultivated area, An apparatus for controlling flower bud formation time, comprising: a light source capable of irradiating a cultivated plant; and a transport mechanism for moving the light source over the cultivated plant. Light having an emission spectrum having a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 600 to 690 nm, a full width at half maximum of less than 200 nm, and an emission spectrum having an intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm of less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak. A light source capable of irradiating the plant being cultivated at an irradiation intensity per cultivation area of 50 μau / cm ² , a maximum emission peak at a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm, a half width of less than 200 nm, and Irradiating light having an emission spectrum whose intensity at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is less than 10% of the intensity at the maximum emission peak at an irradiation intensity per cultivation area of 1 to 50 μau / cm ² 10. An apparatus according to claim 9, having both a light source capable of being used.   The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the light source is an organic electroluminescence element.   One or two rails provided on one or both sides of the area where the plant is cultivated, and a light source can be attached to a position higher than the plant being cultivated, along the rail by wheels The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a vehicle body that travels.

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