CN108431247B - 用于生产超高强度镀锌扩散退火钢板的方法和获得的镀锌扩散退火钢板 - Google Patents

用于生产超高强度镀锌扩散退火钢板的方法和获得的镀锌扩散退火钢板 Download PDF

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CN108431247B
CN108431247B CN201580085620.2A CN201580085620A CN108431247B CN 108431247 B CN108431247 B CN 108431247B CN 201580085620 A CN201580085620 A CN 201580085620A CN 108431247 B CN108431247 B CN 108431247B
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steel
zinc
steel plate
diffusion annealing
temperature
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CN108431247A (zh
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奥尔加·A·吉里纳
达蒙·帕纳希
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ArcelorMittal SA
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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Abstract

一种用于生产抗拉强度TS为至少1450Mpa且总延伸率TE为至少17％的涂覆钢板的方法，所述方法包括以下顺序步骤：提供冷轧钢板，以重量％计，所述冷轧钢板由具有包含以下的化学组成的钢制成：0.34％≤C≤0.45％、1.50％≤Mn≤2.30％、1.50％≤Si≤2.40％、0％<Cr≤0.7％、0％≤Mo≤0.3％、0.10％≤Al≤0.7％，以及任选地0％≤Nb≤0.05％，剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质；使冷轧钢板在高于钢的Ac3转变点的退火温度AT下退火；通过使退火钢板冷却至低于钢的Ms转变点且为150℃至250℃的淬火温度QT来对退火钢板进行淬火；将淬火钢板再加热至350℃至450℃的配分温度PT并将钢板保持在所述配分温度PT下至少80秒的配分时间Pt；以及通过镀锌扩散退火涂覆钢板，其中合金化温度GAT为470℃至520℃。

Description

用于生产超高强度镀锌扩散退火钢板的方法和获得的镀锌扩 散退火钢板
本发明涉及制造具有改善的抗拉强度和改善的总延伸率的高强度镀锌扩散退火钢板以及通过该方法获得的镀锌扩散退火钢板。
为了制造各种设备，例如机动车辆的车身结构构件和车身板件的部件，现在通常使用由DP(双相)钢、多相钢、复相钢或马氏体钢制成的板。
例如，高强度多相可包括具有/不具有一些残余奥氏体的贝氏体-马氏体组织，并且包含约0.2％的C、约2％的Mn、约1.5％的Si，这将导致约750MPa的屈服强度、约980MPa的抗拉强度和约10％的总延伸率。这些板在连续退火线上通过从高于Ac3转变点的退火温度淬火至高于Ms转变点的过时效温度并将板保持在该温度下给定时间来生产。任选地，板是镀锌或镀锌扩散退火的。
鉴于全球环境保护，为了减轻汽车部件的重量以提高其燃料效率，期望具有改善的强度-延展性平衡的板。但这样的板也必须具有良好的可成形性。
此外，期望生产镀锌扩散退火钢板，因为镀锌扩散退火在点焊和冲压之后提供改善的可焊接性和高耐腐蚀性。
在这方面，期望提供抗拉强度TS为至少1450Mpa且总延伸率TE为至少17％的镀锌扩散退火钢板。这些特性根据于2009年10月出版的ISO标准ISO 6892-1测量。必须强调的是，由于测量方法的差异，特别是由于所使用的试样的尺寸的差异，根据ISO标准的总延伸率的值是非常不同的，特别是低于根据JIS Z 2201-05标准的总延伸率的值。此外，期望用稳健(即，使得方法参数的变化不会导致所获得的机械特性的重大变化)的制造方法来生产镀锌扩散退火板。
因此，本发明的目的是提供这样的板和生产其的稳健方法。
为此目的，本发明涉及用于生产镀锌扩散退火钢板的方法，所述方法包括以下顺序步骤：
-提供冷轧钢板，以重量％计，所述冷轧钢板由具有包含以下的化学组成的钢制成：
0.34％≤C≤0.45％
1.50％≤Mn≤2.30％
1.50％≤Si≤2.40％
0％<Cr≤0.7％
0％≤Mo≤0.3％
0.10％≤Al≤0.7％，
以及任选地0％≤Nb≤0.05％，
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质；
-使冷轧钢板在高于钢的Ac3转变点的退火温度AT下退火；
-通过使退火钢板冷却至低于钢的Ms转变点且为150℃至250℃的淬火温度QT来对退火钢板进行淬火；
-将淬火钢板再加热至350℃至450℃的配分温度PT并将钢板保持在所述配分温度PT下至少80秒的配分时间Pt；
-通过在锌浴中热浸涂来涂覆钢板随后进行镀锌扩散退火，其中合金化温度GAT为470℃至520℃。
根据本发明的其他有利方面，所述方法还包括单独或根据任何技术上可能的组合考虑的以下特征中的一个或更多个：
-在淬火期间，使退火钢板以足以避免在冷却时形成铁素体的冷却速率冷却至淬火温度QT，以获得具有由马氏体和奥氏体组成的组织的淬火钢板，
-所述冷却速率高于或等于20℃/秒，
-淬火温度为200℃至230℃，
-配分时间Pt为100秒至300秒，
-退火温度AT为870℃至930℃，
-合金化温度GAT为480℃至500℃，
-将钢板保持在合金化温度GAT下5秒至15秒的时间GAt，
-钢的组成为使得Al≤0.30％，
-钢的组成为使得0.15％≤Al，
-钢的组成为使得0.03％≤Nb≤0.05％，
-所述镀锌扩散退火钢板表现出至少1450MPa的抗拉强度TS和至少17％的总延伸率TE。
本发明还涉及镀锌扩散退火钢板，以重量％计，其由具有包含以下的化学组成的钢制成：
0.34％≤C≤0.45％
1.50％≤Mn≤2.30％
1.50％≤Si≤2.40％
0％<Cr≤0.7％
0％≤Mo≤0.3％
0.10％≤Al≤0.7％，
以及任选地0％≤Nb≤0.05％，
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质，所述钢的组织由50％至70％的马氏体、残余奥氏体和贝氏体组成。
根据本发明的其他有利方面，镀锌扩散退火钢板包括单独或根据任何技术上可能的组合考虑的以下特征中的一个或更多个：
-钢的组成为使得Al≤0.30％，
-钢的组成为使得0.15％≤Al，
-钢的组成为使得0.03％≤Nb≤0.05％，
-残余奥氏体的C含量为0.9％至1.2％，
-所述镀锌扩散退火钢板表现出至少1450MPa的抗拉强度TS和至少17％的总延伸率TE。
现在将详细地描述本发明但不引入限制。
根据本发明，板通过对热轧且优选冷轧的钢板进行热处理来获得，以重量％计，所述钢板由具有包含以下的化学组成的钢制成：
-0.34％至0.45％的碳，以确保令人满意的强度和提高残余奥氏体(其是获得足够的延伸率所必需的)的稳定性。如果碳含量高于0.45％，则热轧板太硬而不能冷轧并且可焊接性不足。
-1.50％至2.40％的硅，以使奥氏体稳定，提供固溶强化并在配分期间用适当的过程延迟碳化物的形成以防止在板的表面上形成硅氧化物，这将对涂覆性能不利。优选地，硅含量高于或等于1.80％。优选地，硅含量低于或等于2.20％。
-1.50％至2.30％的锰。限定最小含量以具有足够的淬透性，以便获得包含至少50％的马氏体的显微组织和至少1450Mpa的抗拉强度。限定最大量以避免具有对延展性不利的偏析问题。
-0％至0.3％的钼和0％至0.7％的铬，以提高淬透性和使残余奥氏体稳定，以便在配分期间强烈减少奥氏体分解。由于残余量，绝对零值被排除。根据一个实施方案，组成包含0％至0.5％的铬。优选地，钼含量为0.07％至0.20％，铬含量优选为0.25％至0.45％。
-0.10％至0.7％的铝。添加铝以获得高延伸率水平以及良好的强度-延展性平衡，以及提高制造方法的稳健性，特别是提高当淬火温度和配分时间变化时所获得的机械特性的稳定性。限定0.7％的最大铝含量以防止Ac3转变点升高至将使退火更困难的温度。优选地，铝含量高于或等于0.15％，和/或低于或等于0.30％，这允许获得至少17％的总延伸率TE和至少16％的均匀延伸率UE。优选地，在脱氧阶段之后，在后期添加铝。
剩余部分为铁和残余元素或由炼钢产生的不可避免的杂质。在这方面，Ni、Cu、V、Ti、B、S、P和N至少被认为是残余元素(其为不可避免的杂质)。因此，通常，它们的含量为Ni小于0.05％，Cu小于0.05％，V小于0.007％，B小于0.001％，S小于0.005％，P小于0.02％，N小于0.010％。
可以利用微合金元素例如0％至0.05％的铌和/或0％至0.1％的钛的添加来获得期望的显微组织和产品特性的最佳组合，特别是增加的抗拉强度。例如，Nb以0.03％至0.05％的量添加。
可以由这种钢以已知的方式生产热轧板。
作为一个实例，将具有上述组成的板加热至1200℃至1280℃，优选约1250℃的温度，以优选低于850℃的精轧温度进行热轧，然后冷却并在优选为500℃至730℃的温度下卷取。然后对板进行冷轧。
在轧制之后，将板酸洗或清洗，然后进行热处理和镀锌扩散退火。
优选在连续退火和热浸涂线上进行的热处理包括以下顺序步骤：
-使冷轧板在等于或高于钢的Ac3转变点，并且优选高于Ac3+15℃(以获得具有完全奥氏体的组织的退火钢板)，但小于1000℃(以便不使奥氏体晶粒过度粗化)的退火温度AT下退火。通常，高于870℃的温度对于根据本发明的钢是足够的，并且该温度不需要高于930℃。然后将钢板保持在该温度下，即保持在AT-5℃至AT+10℃之间足以使钢中的温度均匀的时间。优选地，该时间大于30秒但不需要大于300秒。为了加热至退火温度，例如首先将冷轧钢板以通常低于20℃/秒，例如低于10℃/秒的加热速率加热至约600℃的温度，然后以通常低于10℃/秒，例如低于2℃/秒的加热速率再次加热至约800℃的温度，并且最终以低于5℃/秒，例如低于1.5℃/秒的加热速率加热至退火温度。在这种情况下，将板保持在退火温度AT下40秒至150秒的退火时间At。
-通过使退火板冷却至低于Ms转变点且为150℃至250℃的淬火温度QT来对退火板进行淬火。使退火板以足以避免在冷却时形成铁素体的冷却速率冷却至淬火温度QT。优选地，冷却速率为20℃/秒至50℃/秒，例如高于或等于25℃/秒。选择淬火温度QT和淬火期间的冷却速率以获得具有由马氏体和奥氏体组成的组织的淬火板。选择淬火板中的马氏体和奥氏体含量，以允许在热处理和镀锌扩散退火之后获得由50％至70％的马氏体、残余奥氏体和贝氏体组成的最终组织。如果淬火温度QT低于150℃，则最终组织中的配分马氏体的分数太高而不能使足够量的残余奥氏体稳定，使得总延伸率未达到17％。此外，如果淬火温度QT高于350℃，则配分马氏体的分数太低而不能获得期望的抗拉强度。优选地，淬火温度QT为200℃至230℃。
-将淬火板再加热至350℃至450℃的配分温度PT。加热速率优选为至少30℃/秒。
-将板保持在配分温度PT下至少80秒，例如80秒至300秒，优选至少100秒的配分时间Pt。在配分步骤期间，碳被配分，即从马氏体扩散到奥氏体(其由此富含碳)中。配分程度随着保持步骤的持续时间而增加。因此，保持持续时间Pt被选择为足够长以提供尽可能完全的配分。然而，太长的持续时间可以引起奥氏体分解和马氏体的过高配分，并且因此机械特性降低。因此，限制配分时间以尽可能地避免铁素体的形成。
-在锌浴中热浸涂板，随后是在合金化温度GAT下镀锌扩散退火。加热至合金化温度优选在至少20℃/秒，优选至少30℃/秒的加热速率下进行。优选地，合金化温度GAT为470℃至520℃。还优选地，合金化温度低于或等于500℃和/或高于或等于480℃。将板保持在合金化温度GAT下例如5秒至20秒，优选5秒至15秒，例如8秒至12秒的时间GAt。
-在镀锌扩散退火之后，使镀锌扩散退火板冷却至室温。至室温的冷却速度优选为3℃/秒至20℃/秒。
这种热处理和镀锌扩散退火允许获得由表面分数为50％至70％的马氏体、残余奥氏体和贝氏体组成的最终组织(即在配分、镀锌扩散退火并冷却至室温之后)。
50％至70％的马氏体分数允许获得至少1450MPa的抗拉强度。
此外，这种处理允许在残余奥氏体中获得增加的C含量，其为至少0.9％，优选至少1.0％，并且至多1.2％。
通过这种热处理，可以获得屈服强度为至少900MPa，抗拉强度为至少1450MPa，均匀延伸率为至少16％且总延伸率为至少17％的板。
作为实例和比较，制造了由其组成以重量％表示的钢制成的板并且表I中记述了临界温度例如Ac3和Ms。
表I
加下划线的值不是根据本发明。
通过如下对几个板进行热处理：在温度TA下退火80秒的时间tA，以25℃/秒的冷却速率在温度QT下淬火，以40℃/秒的再加热速率再加热至配分温度PT并保持在配分温度PT下配分时间Pt，然后在合金化温度GAT下镀锌扩散退火时间GAt或10秒，然后以5℃/秒的冷却速率冷却至室温。
在相对于轧制方向的横向方向上测量机械特性。如本领域所公知的，对于这样的高强度钢，延展性水平在轧制方向上比在横向方向上略好。所测量的特性是屈服强度YS、拉伸应力TS、均匀延伸率UE和总延伸率TE。
表II中报道了处理条件和机械特性。
在这些表中，AT为退火温度，QT为淬火温度，PT为配分温度，Pt为配分时间，GAT为合金化温度。
表II
实施例1至6表明，用具有根据本发明的组成的钢，特别是包含0.17％的Al的钢，用215℃或230℃的淬火温度QT和400℃的配分温度PT，可以获得具有高延伸率水平和良好的强度-延展性平衡的钢板。事实上，实施例1至6的板均具有至少910MPa的屈服强度、至少1450MPa的抗拉强度、至少16.5％的均匀延伸率UE和至少17％，并且甚至21％的总延伸率TE。
实施例1至6的机械特性的比较进一步表明，所获得的期望的机械特性对范围从215℃至230℃的淬火温度QT和100秒至300秒的配分时间Pt几乎不敏感。因此，所获得的特性对于淬火温度和/或配分时间的变化是非常稳健的。
相比之下，由包含0.048％Al的钢制成的实施例7至8的特性对配分时间Pt的变化更敏感。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于生产镀锌扩散退火钢板的方法，所述方法包括以下顺序步骤：
-提供冷轧钢板，以重量％计，所述冷轧钢板由具有包含以下的化学组成的钢制成：
0.34％≤C≤0.45％
1.50％≤Mn≤2.30％
1.50≤Si≤2.40％
0％<Cr≤0.7％
0％≤Mo≤0.3％
0.10％≤Al≤0.7％，
以及任选地0％≤Nb≤0.05％，
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质；
-使所述冷轧钢板在高于所述钢的Ac3转变点的退火温度AT下退火；
-通过使退火钢板冷却至低于所述钢的Ms转变点且为150℃至250℃的淬火温度QT来对所述退火钢板进行淬火；
-将淬火钢板再加热至350℃至450℃的配分温度PT并将所述钢板保持在所述配分温度PT下至少80秒的配分时间Pt；
-通过在锌浴中热浸涂来涂覆所述钢板随后进行镀锌扩散退火，其中镀锌扩散退火温度GAT为470℃至520℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在淬火期间，使所述退火钢板以足以避免在冷却时形成铁素体的冷却速率冷却至所述淬火温度QT，以获得由马氏体和奥氏体组成的所述淬火钢板的组织。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述冷却速率高于或等于20℃/秒。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述淬火温度为200℃至230℃。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述配分时间Pt为100秒至300秒。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述退火温度AT为870℃至930℃。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述镀锌扩散退火温度GAT为480℃至500℃。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中将所述钢板保持在所述镀锌扩散退火温度GAT下5秒至15秒的时间GAt。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述钢的组成为使得0.10％≤Al≤0.30％。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述钢的组成为使得0.15％≤Al≤0.7％。
11.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述钢的组成为使得0.03％≤Nb≤0.05％。
12.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述镀锌扩散退火钢板表现出至少1450MPa的抗拉强度TS和至少17％的总延伸率TE。
13.一种镀锌扩散退火钢板，以重量％计，其由具有包含以下的化学组成的钢制成：
0.34％≤C≤0.45％
1.50％≤Mn≤2.30％
1.50≤Si≤2.40％
0％<Cr≤0.7％
0％≤Mo≤0.3％
0.10％≤Al≤0.7％，
以及任选地0％≤Nb≤0.05％，
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质，所述钢的组织由50％至70％的马氏体、残余奥氏体和贝氏体组成。
14.根据权利要求13所述的镀锌扩散退火钢板，其中所述钢的组成为使得0.10％≤Al≤0.30％。
15.根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的镀锌扩散退火钢板，其中所述钢的组成为使得0.15％≤Al≤0.7％。
16.根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的镀锌扩散退火钢板，其中所述钢的组成为使得0.03％≤Nb≤0.05％。
17.根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的镀锌扩散退火钢板，其中所述残余奥氏体的C含量为0.9％至1.2％。
18.根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的镀锌扩散退火钢板，其中所述镀锌扩散退火钢板表现出至少1450MPa的抗拉强度TS和至少17％的总延伸率TE。
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