CN106661701B - 用于生产具有改进的强度和可成形性的高强度钢板的方法及获得的板 - Google Patents

用于生产具有改进的强度和可成形性的高强度钢板的方法及获得的板 Download PDF

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CN106661701B
CN106661701B CN201580035683.7A CN201580035683A CN106661701B CN 106661701 B CN106661701 B CN 106661701B CN 201580035683 A CN201580035683 A CN 201580035683A CN 106661701 B CN106661701 B CN 106661701B
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拉希米·兰詹·莫汉蒂
全贤主
范东伟
帕万·K·C·文卡塔苏里亚
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Abstract

一种用于通过对钢板进行热处理来生产高强度钢板的方法,所述高强度钢板的屈服强度YS>850MPa,拉伸强度TS>1180MPa,总延伸率>13%,且扩孔率HER>30%,其中所述钢的化学组成包含:0.13%≤C≤0.22%,1.2%≤Si≤1.8%,1.8%≤Mn≤2.2%,0.10%≤Mo≤0.20%,Nb≤0.05%,Ti<0.05%,Al≤0.5%,剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质。在>865℃且<1000℃的退火温度TA下使所述板退火超过30秒的时间,然后在>30℃/秒的冷却速率下通过将其冷却至275℃至375℃的淬火温度QT来进行淬火以在刚淬火之后就具有由奥氏体和至少50%的马氏体组成的组织,所述奥氏体的含量使得最终组织能够包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体,然后将其加热至370℃至470℃的配分温度PT,并在该温度下保持50秒至150秒的时间Pt,然后冷却至室温。

Description

用于生产具有改进的强度和可成形性的高强度钢板的方法及 获得的板
本发明涉及用于生产具有改进的强度、延展性和可成形性的高强度钢板的方法以及涉及用所述方法获得的板。
为了制造各种各样的设备,例如机动车辆的车身结构构件和车身面板的部件,通常使用由DP(双相)钢或TRIP(相变诱导塑性)钢制成的板。
例如,包含马氏体组织和/或一些残余奥氏体并且包含约0.2%的C、约2%的Mn、约1.7%的Si的此种钢的屈服强度为约750MPa,拉伸强度为约980MPa,总延伸率大于8%。这些板在连续退火线上通过从高于Ac3相变点的退火温度淬火至低于Ms相变点的淬火温度,接着加热至高于Ms点的过时效温度,并在该温度下保持给定时间来生产。然后将所述板冷却至室温。
考虑到全球环境保护,由于希望降低机动车辆的重量以改进其燃料效率,期望有具有改进的屈服强度和拉伸强度的板。但是此种板还必须具有良好的延展性和良好的可成形性,并且更特别地,良好的延伸凸缘性(flangeability)。
在这方面,期望使板的屈服强度YS为至少850MPa,拉伸强度TS为约1180MPa,总延伸率为至少13%或优选地至少14%,且根据ISO标准16630:2009的扩孔率HER大于30%或甚至50%。关于扩孔率,必需强调的是,由于测量方法的差异,根据ISO标准的扩孔率HER的值与根据JFS T 1001(日本钢铁联盟标准)的扩孔率λ的值非常不同并且没有可比性。
因此,本发明的目的是提供这样的板及其生产方法。
为此目的,本发明涉及用于通过对钢板进行热处理来生产具有改进的强度和改进的可成形性的高强度钢板的方法,所述板的屈服强度YS为至少850MPa,拉伸强度TS为至少1180MPa,总延伸率为至少13%,且扩孔率HER为至少30%,其中以重量%计所述钢的化学组成包含:
0.13%≤C≤0.22%
1.2%≤Si≤1.8%
1.8%≤Mn≤2.2%
0.10%≤Mo≤0.20%
Nb≤0.05%
Ti≤0.05%
Al≤0.5%
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质。在高于865℃但低于1000℃的退火温度TA下使所述板退火超过30秒的时间。然后,在至少30℃/秒的冷却速率下通过将所述板冷却至275℃至375℃的淬火温度QT来对其进行淬火以在刚淬火之后就具有由奥氏体和至少50%的马氏体组成的组织,奥氏体的含量使得最终组织,即在处理并冷却至室温之后,能够包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体。然后,将所述板加热至370℃至470℃的配分温度PT,并在该温度下保持50秒至150秒的配分时间Pt。然后将所述板冷却至室温。
优选地,钢的化学组成使得Al≤0.05%。
优选地,淬火温度QT为310℃至375℃,特别地为310℃至340℃。
优选地,所述方法还包括在将板淬火至淬火温度QT之后且在将板加热至配分温度PT之前,在淬火温度下将板保持2秒至8秒,优选地3秒至7秒的保持时间的步骤。
本发明还涉及一种钢板,以重量%计其化学组成包含:
0.13%≤C≤0.22%
1.2%≤Si≤1.8%
1.8%≤Mn≤2.2%
0.10%≤Mo≤0.20%
Nb≤0.05%
Ti<0.05%
Al≤0.5%
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质,板的屈服强度为至少850MPa,拉伸强度为至少1180MPa,总延伸率为至少13%,且扩孔率HER为至少30%。
钢的组织包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体。
优选地,钢的化学组成为使得Al≤0.05%。
优选地,残余奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸为5μm或更小。
马氏体和贝氏体的晶粒或板条束(block)的平均尺寸优选为10μm或更小。
现在将详细地描述本发明,但不引入限制,并且通过呈现本发明的两个实施例的SEM显微图像的图1和图2来举例说明。
根据本发明,板通过对由钢制成的半成品进行热轧和任选的冷轧来获得,以重量%计所述钢的化学组成包含:
–0.13%至0.22%,并且优选地大于0.16%,优选地小于0.20%的碳,用于确保令人满意的强度并改进获得足够的延伸率所必需的残余奥氏体的稳定性。如果碳含量太高,则经热轧的板太硬而不能冷轧,并且可焊接性不足。
–1.2%至1.8%,优选地大于1.3%且小于1.6%的硅,以使奥氏体稳定,提供固溶强化,并且在过时效期间延迟碳化物的形成。
–1.8%至2.2%,并且优选地大于1.9%且优选地小于2.1%的锰,以具有足够的淬透性以获得包含至少65%的马氏体的组织,大于1150MPa的拉伸强度,并且避免具有对延展性不利的偏析问题。
–0.10%至0.20%的钼,以改进淬透性并使残余奥氏体稳定以延迟奥氏体的分解使得在根据本发明的过时效期间没有奥氏体的分解。
–高至0.5%的铝,通常为了脱氧的目的而将其添加至钢水中。如果Al的含量大于0.5%,则奥氏体化的温度将太高而无法达到,并且钢将变得在工业上难以加工。优选地,Al含量限于0.05%。
–Nb含量限于0.05%,因为大于该值,将形成大量的析出物并且可成形性将降低,导致更加难以达到13%的总延伸率。
–Ti含量限于0.05%,因为大于该值,将形成大量的析出物并且可成形性将降低,导致更加难以达到13%的总延伸率。
剩余部分为铁和由炼钢产生的残余元素。在这方面,至少Ni、Cr、Cu、V、B、S、P和N被认为是残余元素,残余元素是不可避免的杂质。因此,其含量为:Ni小于0.05%,Cr小于0.10%,Cu小于0.03%,V小于0.007%,B小于0.0010%,S小于0.005%,P小于0.02%,且N小于0.010%。
根据本领域技术人员已知的方法通过热轧和任选地冷轧来制备所述板。
在轧制之后,对板进行酸洗或清洗,然后进行热处理。
优选地在连续退火线上进行的热处理包括以下步骤:
-在高于钢的Ac3相变点且优选地高于Ac3+15℃,即对于根据本发明的钢高于865℃(以确保组织完全是奥氏体的),但低于1000℃(以免使奥氏体晶粒变太粗)的退火温度TA下使板退火。在退火温度,即在TA-5℃和TA+10℃之间将板保持足以使化学组成均匀的时间。保持时间优选为大于30秒但是不需要大于300秒。
-通过以足以避免铁素体和贝氏体形成的冷却速率将板冷却至低于Ms相变点的淬火温度QT来对板进行淬火。淬火温度为275℃至375℃,并且优选290℃至360℃以在刚淬火之后就具有由奥氏体和至少50%的马氏体组成的组织,奥氏体含量为使得最终组织,即在处理并冷却至室温之后,能够包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体。优选地,淬火温度高于300℃,特别地310℃至375℃,例如310℃至340℃。需要大于30℃/秒的冷却速率以避免在从退火温度TA冷却期间形成铁素体。
-将板再加热至370℃至470℃且优选地390℃至460℃的配分温度PT。高于470℃,无法获得目标钢的机械特性,特别是至少1180MPa的拉伸强度和至少13%的总延伸率。当通过感应加热器进行再加热时,再加热速率可为高的,但是在5℃/秒至20℃/秒的范围内的再加热速率对板的最终特性没有明显影响。因此,加热速率优选为5℃/秒至20℃/秒。例如,再加热速率为至少10℃/秒。优选地,在淬火步骤与将所述板再加热至配分温度PT的步骤之间,在淬火温度下将板保持2秒至8秒,优选地3秒至7秒的保持时间。
-在配分温度PT下将板保持50秒至150秒的时间。在配分温度下保持板意指,在配分期间板的温度保持在PT-10℃和PT+10℃之间。
-将板冷却至室温。
通过这样的处理,可以获得屈服强度YS为至少850MPa,拉伸强度为至少1180MPa,总延伸率为至少13%且根据ISO标准16630:2009的扩孔率HER为至少30%或甚至50%的板。
此处理使得获得这样的最终组织(即在配分并冷却至室温之后):包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体。
此外,平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸优选为5μm或更小,并且贝氏体或马氏体的板条束的平均尺寸优选为10μm或更小。
作为一个实施例,通过热轧和冷轧来制造厚度为1.2mm的具有以下组成的板:C=0.18%,Si=1.55%,Mn=2.02%,Nb=0.02%,Mo=0.15%,Al=0.05%,N=0.06%,剩余部分为Fe和杂质。此钢的理论Ms相变点为386℃,且Ac3点为849℃。
通过退火、淬火和配分对该板的样品进行热处理,并测量机械特性。在淬火温度下将板保持约3秒。
处理条件和所获得的特性记录在表I中。
表I
在该表中,TA为退火温度,QT为淬火温度,PT为配分温度,Pt为配分时间,YS为屈服强度,TS为拉伸强度,TE为总延伸率,HER为根据ISO标准的扩孔率,RA为最终组织中的残余奥氏体的比例,RA晶粒尺寸为平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸,M+B为最终组织中的贝氏体和马氏体的比例,并且M+B晶粒尺寸为马氏体和贝氏体的晶粒或板条束的平均尺寸。
实施例1的组织示于图1中,包含10.4%的残余奥氏体以及89.6%的马氏体和贝氏体,并且实施例2的组织示于图2中,包含6.8%的残余奥氏体以及93.2%的马氏体和贝氏体,实施例1和实施例2表明,用300℃或350℃的淬火温度,用99秒的配分时间在450℃的温度下进行配分,板的屈服强度大于850MPa,拉伸强度大于1100MPa,总延伸率为约14%,大于13%,且根据ISO标准16630:2009测量的扩孔率大于30%。当淬火温度为300℃(+/-10℃)时,总延伸率可以大于13%,并且扩孔率非常好:57%,如实施例2中所示。
涉及淬火温度高于Ms(即组织不是马氏体的)的现有技术的实施例3和实施例4表明,不可能同时达到目标的屈服强度、总延伸率和扩孔率。
实施例5进一步显示,用340℃的淬火温度,用50秒的配分时间在470℃下进行配分,板的屈服强度大于850MPa,拉伸强度大于1100MPa,总延伸率为约14%,大于13%,且根据ISO标准16630:2009测量的扩孔率大于30%。
实施例6显示,当配分温度太高时,即高于470℃,无法获得至少1180MPa的拉伸强度和至少13%的总延伸率。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于通过对由钢制成的板进行热处理来生产具有改进的强度和改进的可成形性的高强度钢板的方法,所述钢板的屈服强度YS为至少850MPa,拉伸强度TS为至少1180MPa,总延伸率为至少13%,且扩孔率HER为至少30%,所述钢具有包含以下以重量%计的化学组成:
0.13%≤C≤0.22%
1.2%≤Si≤1.8%
1.8%≤Mn≤2.2%
0.10%≤Mo≤0.20%
Nb≤0.05%
Ti≤0.05%
Al≤0.5%
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质,
其中对所述板进行热处理包括以下步骤:
-在高于865℃但低于1000℃的退火温度TA下使所述板退火超过30秒的时间,
-通过在至少30℃/秒的冷却速度下将所述板冷却至310℃至375℃的淬火温度QT来对其进行淬火以在刚淬火之后具有由奥氏体和至少50%的马氏体组成的组织,所述奥氏体的含量使得最终组织,即在处理并冷却至室温之后,包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体,
-将所述板加热至370℃至470℃的配分温度PT,并将所述板在所述配分温度下保持50秒至150秒的配分时间Pt,以及
-将所述板冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钢的化学组成使得Al≤0.05%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述淬火温度QT为310℃至340℃。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,还包括在将所述板淬火至所述淬火温度QT之后且在将所述板加热至所述配分温度PT之前,将所述板在所述淬火温度QT下保持2秒至8秒的保持时间的步骤。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述保持时间为3秒至7秒。
6.一种钢板,其中以重量%计所述钢的化学组成包含:
0.13%≤C≤0.22%
1.2%≤Si≤1.8%
1.8%≤Mn≤2.2%
0.10%≤Mo≤0.20%
Nb≤0.05%
Ti<0.05%
Al≤0.5%
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质,并且其中所述钢板的屈服强度为至少850MPa,拉伸强度为至少1180MPa,总延伸率为至少13%,扩孔率HER为至少30%,所述钢板组织包含3%至15%的残余奥氏体以及85%至97%的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和,而不含铁素体,且残余奥氏体的平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸为5μm或更小。
7.根据权利要求6所述的钢板,其中所述钢的化学组成为使得Al≤0.05%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的钢板,其中所述总延伸率为至少14%。
9.根据权利要求6所述的钢板,其中所述扩孔率为至少50%。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的钢板,其中马氏体和贝氏体的晶粒或板条束的平均尺寸为10μm或更小。
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